Consistency of patterns between laboratory experiments and field collected fish in otolith chemistry: an example and applications for salinity reconstructions

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 609 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Elsdon ◽  
B. M. Gillanders
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Otolith Chemistry ◽  
Ambient Water ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Black Bream ◽  
Environmental Histories ◽  
The Relationship

Elemental concentrations within fish otoliths can track movements and migrations of fish through gradients of environmental variables. Tracking the movements of fish relies on establishing links between environmental variables and otolith chemistry, with links commonly made using laboratory experiments that rear juvenile fish. However, laboratory experiments done on juvenile fish may not accurately reflect changes in wild fish, particularly adults. We tested the hypotheses that: (1) the relationship between ambient (water) and otolith chemistry is similar between laboratory-reared black bream (Acanthopagrus butcheri) and wild black bream; and (2) ontogeny does not influence otolith chemistry. Field-collected and laboratory-reared fish showed similar effects of ambient strontium : calcium (Sr : Ca) on otolith Sr : Ca concentrations. However, ambient and otolith barium : calcium concentrations (Ba : Ca) differed slightly between laboratory-reared and field-collected fish. Importantly, fish reared in stable environmental variables showed no influence of ontogeny on Sr : Ca or Ba : Ca concentrations. Natural distributions of ambient Sr : Ca showed no clear relationship to salinity, yet, ambient Ba : Ca was inversely related to salinity. The distribution of ambient Sr : Ca and Ba : Ca in estuaries inhabited by black bream, suggest that these elements can answer different questions regarding environmental histories of fish. Reconstructing salinity histories of black bream using otolith Ba : Ca concentrations seems plausible, if adequate knowledge of Ba : Ca gradients within estuaries is obtained.

Relating otolith chemistry to surface water chemistry in a coastal plain estuary

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanis Dorval ◽  
Cynthia M Jones ◽  
Robyn Hannigan ◽  
Jacques van Montfrans
Keyword(s):  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Spotted Seatrout ◽  
Otolith Chemistry ◽  
Cynoscion Nebulosus ◽  
Environmental Tracers ◽  
Surface Water Chemistry ◽  
Water Composition ◽  
Temperature Exposure ◽  
The Relationship

Although laboratory studies confirm that otoliths incorporate trace elements and stable isotopes from surrounding waters, few studies explore the relationship of otolith chemistry to water chemistry in the field and none include a larger suite of environmental tracers, such as rare earth elements. Using spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) as model species, we tested the hypothesis that otoliths record the water chemistry of seagrass habitats in Chesapeake Bay. In summer 2001, we sampled water and juvenile fish in seagrass beds of the bay. Weighted linear regressions showed that [Ba/Ca]otolith and [La/Ca]otolith were best predicted by salinity and were modeled as [Ba/Ca]otolith (µmol·mol–1) = –2.25 ± 0.35 × salinity + 59.47 ± 7.01) and [La/Ca]otolith (pmol·mol–1) = –8.71 ± 0.65 × salinity + 243.87 ± 12.52. [Ba/Ca]otolith increased with [Ba/Ca]water, but the relationship was nonlinear. Salinity did not influence [Mn/Ca]otolith, but this ratio was positively correlated with [Mn/Ca]water. Although the partition coefficient of Sr (DSr = 0.23 ± 0.019) was similar to that in laboratory experiments, [Sr/Ca] in waters and otoliths was decoupled despite equal temperature exposure, suggesting that [Sr/Ca]otolith concentration may not be a simple function of water composition. However, there was a predictive relationship between [δ18O]otolith and [Sr/Ca]water ([δ18O]otolith = 1.18 ± 0.09 × [Sr/Ca]water (mmol·mol–1) – 14.286 ± 0.78) resulting from mixing between fluvial and oceanic waters. Water chemistry showed mixed values as a proxy for otolith chemistry and may not be a surrogate for otolith chemistry in wide estuaries.

Alternative life-history patterns of estuarine fish: barium in otoliths elucidates freshwater residency

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1143-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis S Elsdon ◽  
Bronwyn M Gillanders
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Estuarine Fish ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Cyclic Patterns ◽  
Black Bream ◽  
Environmental Histories ◽  
Life History Patterns ◽  
Migratory Patterns ◽  
Fish Otoliths

Elemental concentrations in fish otoliths (earstones) can reconstruct environmental histories of fish if predictable relationships between the environment and elemental incorporation are established. We assessed whether fresh water occupancy of black bream (Acanthopagrus butcheri) can be inferred from otolith barium concentrations (Ba was standardized to calcium (Ca) and expressed as a ratio, Ba:Ca). Otolith Ba:Ca of fish was correlated with ambient Ba:Ca. Using the natural relationships of increasing ambient and otolith Ba:Ca with decreasing salinity, fish from fresh- and salt-water environments were distinguishable. Fish caught in fresh water had approximately double the otolith Ba:Ca of those from salt-water estuaries, for both summer and winter collections. Fish with otolith Ba:Ca ≤5 µmol·mol–1 were classified as resident in salt water, and those with ≥6 µmol·mol–1 as resident in fresh water. Transects of Ba:Ca across fish otoliths classified fish to fresh- or salt-water environments. Fish were identified as having migratory patterns typical of residents, migrants with irregular patterns of diadromy, or migrants with cyclic patterns of anadromomy. Multiple migratory behaviours occurred in fish from the same estuary, indicating far more complex migratory behaviours than were previously known. The application of otolith Ba:Ca to infer freshwater occupancy of fish has rarely been studied, yet may provide more accurate classifications of estuarine environments than strontium (Sr) isotopes and otolith Sr:Ca.

Trash or treasure? Use of sagittal otoliths partially composed of vaterite for hatchery stock discrimination in steelhead

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-284
Author(s):  
Richard R. Budnik ◽  
John R. Farver ◽  
Joel E. Gagnon ◽  
Jeffrey G. Miner
Keyword(s):  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Lake Erie ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Otolith Chemistry ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Stock Discrimination ◽  
Quadratic Discriminant Function ◽  
Hatchery Stock ◽  
Similar Classification ◽  
Discriminant Function Analyses

Sagittal otoliths are normally deposited as the CaCO3 polymorph aragonite; however, a proportion of otoliths transitions to vaterite during growth. This transition can complicate otolith chemistry analyses, as differences in the crystalline structure (aragonite or vaterite) of otoliths causes variation in otolith chemistry signatures. To address this issue, we introduce a method to utilize sagittal otoliths partially composed of vaterite for stock discrimination. Using this method, we determined the hatchery origins of yearlings from five Lake Erie hatcheries by using Ba, Mg, Mn, and Sr concentrations in vaterite sections of steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) otoliths. We then compared the classification accuracy of our vaterite method with a method in which otoliths composed entirely of aragonite were used. Overall, quadratic discriminant function analyses revealed similar classification success when elemental concentrations from vaterite (95% accuracy) and aragonite (94% accuracy) otolith regions were used. The methods introduced here could likely be used for other fish species that have otoliths that transition to vaterite as long as an adequate number of juvenile fish are available to develop vaterite otolith chemistry signatures.

scholarly journals A revision of daily egg production estimation methods, with application to Atlanto-Iberian sardine. 2. Spatially and environmentally explicit estimates of egg production

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 528-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Bernal ◽  
Yorgos Stratoudakis ◽  
Simon Wood ◽  
Leire Ibaibarriaga ◽  
Luis Valdés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Statistical Framework ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In

Abstract Bernal, M., Stratoudakis, Y., Wood, S., Ibaibarriaga, L., Uriarte, A., Valdés, L., and Borchers, D. 2011. A revision of daily egg production estimation methods, with application to Atlanto-Iberian sardine. 2. Spatially and environmentally explicit estimates of egg production. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: . A spatially and environmentally explicit egg production model is developed to accommodate a number of assumptions about the relationship between egg production and mortality and associated environmental variables. The general model was tested under different assumptions for Atlanto-Iberian sardine. It provides a flexible estimator of egg production, in which a range of assumptions and hypotheses can be tested in a structured manner within a well-defined statistical framework. Application of the model to Atlanto-Iberian sardine increased the precision of the egg production time-series, and allowed improvements to be made in understanding the spatio-temporal variability in egg production, as well as implications for ecology and stock assessment.

scholarly journals Can we predict the future: juvenile finfish and their seagrass nurseries in the Chesapeake Bay

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 681-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia M. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Seagrass Habitat ◽  
Important Conclusion ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Landscape Level

Abstract The importance of estuarine seagrass beds as nurseries for juvenile fish has become a universal paradigm, especially for estuaries that are as important as the Chesapeake Bay. Yet, scientific tests of this hypothesis were equivocal depending on species, location, and metrics. Moreover, seagrasses themselves are under threat and one-third of seagrasses have disappeared worldwide with 65% of their losses occurring in estuaries. Although there have been extensive studies of seagrasses in the Chesapeake Bay, surprisingly few studies have quantified the relationship between seagrass as nurseries for finfish in the Bay. Of the few studies that have directly evaluated the use of seagrass nurseries, most have concentrated on single species or were of short duration. Few landscape-level or long-term studies have examined this relationship in the Bay or explored the potential effect of climate change. This review paper summarizes the seagrass habitat value as nurseries and presents recent juvenile fish studies that address the dearth of research at the long term and landscape level with an emphasis on the Chesapeake Bay. An important conclusion upon the review of these studies is that predicting the effects of climate change on fishery production remains uncertain.

Elemental signatures in otoliths of hatchery rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): distinctiveness and utility for detecting origins and movement

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel K. Gibson-Reinemer ◽  
Brett M. Johnson ◽  
Patrick J. Martinez ◽  
Dana L. Winkelman ◽  
Alan E. Koenig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Otolith Chemistry ◽  
Considerable Potential ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ambient Levels

Otolith chemistry in freshwater has considerable potential to reveal patterns of origin and movement, which would benefit traditional fisheries management and provide a valuable tool to curb the spread of invasive and illicitly stocked species. We evaluated the relationship between otolith and water chemistry for five markers (Ba/Ca, Mn/Ca, Sr/Ca, Zn/Ca, and 87Sr/86Sr) in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) using the existing hatchery system in Colorado and Wyoming, USA, to provide controlled, seminatural conditions. Otolith Ba/Ca, Sr/Ca, and 87Sr/86Sr reflected ambient levels, whereas Mn/Ca and Zn/Ca did not. Using only the markers correlated with water chemistry, we classified fish to their hatchery of origin with up to 96% accuracy when element and isotope data were used together. Large changes in 87Sr/86Sr were evident in otolith transects, although subtler changes in Sr/Ca were also detectable. Our results suggest the relatively few otolith markers that reflect ambient chemistry can discriminate among locations and track movements well enough to provide valuable insight in a variety of applied contexts.

scholarly journals Interactions Between Chill-Hours and Degree-Days Affect Carpogenic Germination in Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Scherm ◽  
A. T. Savelle ◽  
P. L. Pusey
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Carpogenic Germination ◽  
Conditioning Period ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Heating Degree Days ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of cumulative chill-hours (hours with a mean temperature <7.2°C) and heating degree-days (base 7.2°C) to carpogenic germination of pseudosclerotia of Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi, which causes mummy berry disease of blueberry, was investigated. In two laboratory experiments, pseudosclerotia collected from rabbiteye blueberry in Georgia were conditioned at 5 to 6°C for 26 to 1,378 h prior to placement in conditions favorable for germination and apothecium development. The number of chill-hours accumulated during the conditioning period affected the subsequent proportion of pseudosclerotia that germinated and produced apothecia, with the greatest incidence of carpogenic germination occurring after intermediate levels of chilling (≈700 chill-hours). The minimum chilling requirement for germination and apothecium production was considerably lower than that reported previously for pseudo-sclerotia from highbush blueberry in northern production regions. The rate of carpogenic germination was strongly affected by interactions between the accumulation of chill-hours and degree-days during the conditioning and germination periods; pseudosclerotia exposed to prolonged chilling periods, once transferred to suitable conditions, germinated and produced apothecia more rapidly (after fewer degree-days had accumulated) than those exposed to shorter chilling periods. Thus, pseudosclerotia of M. vaccinii-corymbosi are adapted to germinate carpogenically following cold winters (high chill-hours, low degree-days) as well as warm winters (low chill-hours, high degree-days). Results were validated in a combined field-laboratory experiment in which pseudosclerotia that had received various levels of natural chilling were allowed to germinate in controlled conditions in the laboratory, and in two field experiments in which pseudosclerotia were exposed to natural chilling and germination conditions. A simple model describing the timing of apothecium emergence in relation to cumulative chill-hours and degree-days was developed based on the experiments. The model should be useful for better timing of field scouting programs for apothecia to aid in management of primary infection by M. vaccinii-corymbosi.

Self-Interested Giving: The Relationship Between Conditional Gifts, Charitable Donations, and Donor Self-Interestedness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Chao ◽  
Geoffrey Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Decision Analysis ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Charitable Donations ◽  
Prosocial Motives ◽  
The Gift ◽  
Other Regarding ◽  
The Relationship

Nonprofits regularly use conditional “thank you” gifts to entice prospective donors to give, yet experimental evidence suggests that their effects are mixed in practice. This paper uses multiple laboratory experiments to test when and why thank you gifts vary in effectiveness. First, we demonstrate that although gifts often increase donations to charities that donors did not rate highly, many of the same gifts had no effects or negative effects for charities that prospective donors already liked. We replicate these findings in a second experiment that uses a different range of charity and gift options as well as different measures of participant perceptions of a charity. We also find that making gifts optional, as is common in fundraising campaigns, does not eliminate these negative gift effects. In additional experiments, we directly test for donor motives using self-report and priming experiments. We find that thank you gifts increase (decrease) the weight that donors place on self-interested (prosocial) motives, leading to changes in donation patterns. Altogether, our results suggest that practitioners may find gifts more useful when appealing to donors not already familiar with or favorably inclined to their charity, such as during donor acquisition campaigns. They may be less useful when appealing to recent donors or others who already favor the charity, in part because the gift may activate mindsets or norms that emphasize self-interested motives instead of more prosocial, other-regarding motives. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, decision analysis.

scholarly journals Monitoring studies should consider temporal variability to reveal relations between cyanobacterial abundance and environmental variables

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 1717-1726 ◽  
Author(s):  
JULIANA WOJCIECHOWSKI ◽  
ANDRÉ A. PADIAL
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Cyanobacteria Blooms ◽  
Environment Variables ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
The Relationship

One of the main goals of monitoring cyanobacteria blooms in aquatic environments is to reveal the relationship between cyanobacterial abundance and environmental variables. Studies typically correlate data that were simultaneously sampled. However, samplings occur sparsely over time and may not reveal the short-term responses of cyanobacterial abundance to environmental changes. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that stronger cyanobacteria x environment relationships in monitoring are found when the temporal variability of sampling points is incorporated in the statistical analyses. To this end, we investigated relationships between cyanobacteria and seven environmental variables that were sampled twice yearly for three years across 11 reservoirs, and data from an intensive monitoring in one of these reservoirs. Poor correlations were obtained when correlating data simultaneously sampled. In fact, the 'highly recurrent' role of phosphorus in cyanobacteria blooms is not properly observed in all sampling periods. On the other hand, the strongest correlation values for the total phosphorus x cyanobacteria relationship were observed when we used the variation of sampling points. We have also shown that environment variables better explain cyanobacteria when a time lag is considered. We conclude that, in cyanobacteria monitoring, the best approach to reveal determinants of cyanobacteria blooms is to consider environmental variability.

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