Heavy metals risk assessment in Salmo letnica from Lake Ohrid in Albania

The Ohrid trout (Salmo letnica) is an endemic species of trout found only in Lake Ohrid, in the Balkan republics of North Macedonia and Albania, where it is a species of significant economic and nutritional interest. Considering the importance of chemical risk assessment in fish for human consumption set out by European and international legislation and the risk of extinction of the Ohrid trout, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the safety of Ohrid trout flesh for human consumption by determining the heavy metal concentration in different organs through atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Heavy metal concentrations differed significantly in different organs (P<0.001). The mean and range of Pb and Cr concentrations in muscle were lower than the permissible limits recommended for human consumption according to the European Union (EU), as well as the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and World Health Organization, whereas the mean concentration and range of Cd in muscle tissue were above the critical limits for human consumption set by the EU and FAO, revealing inspection-related problems. Accordingly, S. letnica is not completely safe for human consumption. Therefore, the long-term assessment of heavy metal concentrations in Ohrid trout from Lake Ohrid is an important safety measure for fish consumers and will help assess the status of exploitation of this biological resource.

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Assessment of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Pawpaw (Carica papaya Linn.) around Automobile Workshops in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria

Journal of Health and Pollution ◽

10.5696/2156-9614-7.14.48 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (14) ◽

pp. 48-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Olatunde Sunday Eludoyin ◽

Onisoya Margaret Ogbe

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Carica Papaya ◽

World Health ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Metal Concentrations ◽

Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽

Port Harcourt ◽

Supporting Soil ◽

Rivers State

Background. Consumption of plants such as Carica papaya grown around automobile workshops is common in big cities in Nigeria. However, little is known about the heavy metals contamination of these consumables due to the influence of automobile emissions during maintenance activities. Objectives. This study aimed to assess heavy metal concentrations in C. papaya and supporting soils around automobile workshops in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria. Methods. Seven automobile workshops were used for the present study. First, 20 m × 20 m quadrats were laid out for soil and C. papaya tissue sampling. One composite soil sample was collected from the topsoil (0–15 cm depth) around each of the automobile workshops. Three C. papaya stands at least 30 cm apart around each workshop were used for the study and from these stands, tissues (root, stem, leaf, fruit) of C. papaya were collected. Standard laboratory techniques were used to determine the pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and heavy metals (lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn)) in the soil samples and C. papaya tissues. Pairwise t-test was used to determine significant differences (p<0.05) in the heavy metal concentrations in soil and C. papaya tissues between the sample and control sites, while correlation statistics were used to determine the relationship of heavy metal concentrations between soil and C. papaya tissues. Results. C. papaya tissues and supporting soil had significantly higher levels of pH, EC and heavy metals in the sampled plots than the control plot. The heavy metal concentrations in C. papaya and soil occurred in the decreasing order of Pb>Cu>Hg>Zn>Cd. The fruit of C. papaya had the highest mean concentrations of Pb (51.4±14.1 mg/kg) and Zn (26.4±1.9 mg/kg), while the leaf had the highest mean concentration of Hg (32.0±2.3 mg/kg). The pH, Cu and Zn in the supporting soil were significantly correlated with the levels in the C. papaya tissues. Conclusion. Bio-accumulation of heavy metals by C. papaya is evident around automobile workshops, and Pb, Hg, Cd concentrations were found to be above the permissible limits for human consumption according to World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Consumption of food materials grown around automobile workshops could pose health risks. Competing interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

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Heavy metal concentrations in vegetables cultivated and sold in Machakos Municipality, Kenya

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management ◽

10.4314/jasem.v24i12.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (12) ◽

pp. 2027-2034

Author(s):

R.M. Tomno ◽

L. Kitulu ◽

J.K. Nzeve ◽

F. Waswa ◽

S.N. Mailu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Heavy Metal Contamination ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Urban Stream ◽

County Government ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Metal Concentrations ◽

Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽

The Mean

Heavy metal contamination of vegetables is a key aspect of food quality assurance since vegetables form a substantial proportion of the daily human diet. Health risks in urban populations due to exposure to heavy metals are on the increase because of the consumption of vegetables irrigated with wastewater. This study analyzed the concentration of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn and Cr in spinach and kales grown using contaminated water of the Mitheu urban stream and those sold within Machakos municipality. Vegetable samples were collected once per month for a period of four months starting from June to September 2019. The mean heavy metal concentrations obtained were0.013 – 3.19 mg/kg, 0.468 – 1.706 mg/kg, 0.02 – 0.368 mg/kg, 5.78 – 26.7 mg/kg, and 0.104 – 14.0 mg/kg for Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn and Cr respectively in kale samples from the different sampling sites. The heavy metal mean concentrations in spinach were 0.055 – 0.575 mg/kg, 3.79 – 5.55 mg/kg, 0.098 – 1.49 mg/kg, 8.32 – 20.7 mg/kg and 0.368 – 4.43 mg/kg for Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn and Cr respectively. The mean concentrations of Cd, Pb, Zn and Cr in both spinach and kales in some of the sampling sites were above WHO permissible levels for heavy metals in vegetables for human consumption. However, the mean concentration of Cu was below WHO recommended levels. Consumption of these vegetables therefore poses a health risk to the consumers. There is need to create public awareness on the dangers of consuming contaminated vegetables. Additionally, measures to curb heavy metal pollution in Mitheu stream should be taken by the County Government of Machakos.

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Assessment of heavy metals emission from traffic on road surfaces

Open Chemistry ◽

10.2478/s11532-011-0005-y ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 314-319 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Sudip Pal ◽

Steve Wallis ◽

Scott Arthur

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Absorption Spectrometry ◽

Metal Concentrations ◽

Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽

The Road ◽

Road Surfaces ◽

Nitric Acid Digestion ◽

The Mean ◽

On The Road ◽

Heavy Metal Emissions

AbstractThis study aims to analyse RDS heavy metal concentrations on road deposited sediment (RDS) using Riccarton Campus of Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland as a study site. RDS samples were collected at two transverse positions from different sites over a 4 month period in order to describe the influence of traffic on heavy metal emissions. The heavy metal concentrations of the RDS were determined by strong nitric acid digestion and atomic absorption spectrometry. The mean concentrations for Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb and Fe were found to be 213, 57, 1, 16, 15, 118, and 13497 mg kg-1 from samples near to the curb and 211, 79, 2, 15, 9, 35, and 14276 mg kg−1 from samples 1 m from the curb respectively. Furthermore for both positions the highest concentrations for all metals were associated with the finer fraction (<63 µm) and stronger correlations between the metals were found further from the curb than near the curb, indicating that metals accumulating on the road surface further from the curb may likely be from the same source (traffic), while the sources of metals near the curb are more diverse.

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Monitoring of Proximate Composition, Heavy Metal Concentrations and Pesticide Residues in Marine Dried Fish Available in the Coastal Region of Bangladesh

Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources ◽

10.33002/nr2581.6853.03023 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 30-41

Author(s):

Mousumi Kar ◽

Md. Enamul Hoq ◽

Md. Sirajul Islam ◽

Md. Monirul Islam ◽

Nowara Tamanna Meghla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Pesticide Residues ◽

World Health ◽

Health Concern ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Metal Concentrations ◽

Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽

Permissible Level ◽

Zn Concentration ◽

Dried Fish

The study for this paper was conducted to assess the proximate compositions, heavy metal concentrations and pesticide residues in marine dried fish. The selected fish were silver pomfret (Pampus chinensis), bombay duck (Harpadon nehereus), ribbon fish (Trichiurus savala), sardine (Salmostona bacaila) and anchovy (Colia dussumieri) collected from the Cox’s Bazar, Kuakata (Patuakhali) and Dubla Island (Khulna) of Bangladesh coast. The moisture content ranged from 11.27% (S. bacaila) to 38.94% (P. chinensis) among the dried fish products. Protein content varied from 51.33% (C. dussumieri) to 77.68% (T. savala). The As concentration varied from 8.41 mg/kg to 22.27 mg/kg only in T. savala. The Fe content was measured 116.85 mg/kg to 160.18 mg/kg in H. nehereus and P. chinensis. The Zn concentration varied from 31.08 mg/kg to 36.74 mg/kg. Among heavy metals, As, Fe and Zn concentration were found higher than the permissible level for human consumption. However, Cd, Cu and Pb tested were found within the permissible level in all three species. The residue of organochlorine pesticide was found within the maximum residue limit level recommended by World Health Organization. The existence of pesticides residues in the samples of this study is a matter of health concern as this poisoning has long term effect on human health.

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Recent Variations in Heavy Metal Concentrations in Firn and Air From the Antarctic Peninsula

Annals of Glaciology ◽

10.1017/s0260305500002871 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 255-259 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

D. A. Peel ◽

E. W. Wolff

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Antarctic Peninsula ◽

Anodic Stripping Voltammetry ◽

Stripping Voltammetry ◽

Absorption Spectrometry ◽

Emission Rates ◽

Metal Concentrations ◽

Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽

The Antarctic ◽

Snow Samples

A snow-pit and hand-drilled core have been sampled at Spaatz Island in the Antarctic Peninsula to obtain evidence on the importance of short-term fluctuations of heavy metal (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) concentrations. A programme of air sampling was undertaken at the same time to investigate directly the link between concentrations in air and in snow. The snow samples and air filters have been analysed by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) following preconcentration on tungsten wires and by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV). One sequence of snow samples was preconcentrated in the field and analysed later for Cd in the laboratory. The snow analyses confirm that year-to-year variations in heavy metal concentrations may be comparable with changes due to long-term variations in global emission rates to the atmosphere from industrial sources. The importance of understanding these apparently meteorologically controlled processes is underlined. Averaged data from the combined air/snow sampling programme show a satisfactory linear relationship between concentrations in air and in snow for both the heavy metals and for the cation component of the marine aerosol. The results, considered in the light of Junge's model for static rainout, give a ratio for concentration in air (ng m−3)/concentration in snow (ng g−1) of 0.6±0.3.

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A Limited Survey of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Fresh and Frozen Cuttlefish Ink and Mantle Used As Food

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-230 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 81 (2) ◽

pp. 290-294 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Daniele Conficoni ◽

Leonardo Alberghini ◽

Elisa Bissacco ◽

Barbara Contiero ◽

Valerio Giaccone

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

European Union ◽

Heavy Metal Contamination ◽

Freezing Process ◽

The European Union ◽

Limit Of Quantification ◽

Metal Concentrations ◽

Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽

Fresh Products ◽

Almost All

ABSTRACT Cuttlefish ink is consumed as a delicacy worldwide. The current study is the first assessment of heavy metal concentrations in cuttlefish ink versus mantle under different storage methods. A total of 212 samples (64 of fresh mantle, 42 of frozen mantle, 64 of fresh ink, and 42 of frozen ink) were analyzed for the detection of the following heavy metals: arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and cadmium (Cd). The median As concentrations were 12.9 mg/kg for fresh mantle, 8.63 mg/kg for frozen mantle, 10.8 mg/kg for frozen ink, and 0.41 mg/kg for fresh ink. The median Cr concentrations were 0.06 mg/kg for fresh mantle and frozen ink, 0.03 mg/kg for frozen mantle, and below the limit of quantification (LOQ) for fresh ink. The median Fe concentrations were 4.08 mg/kg for frozen ink, 1.51 mg/kg for fresh mantle, 0.73 mg/kg for frozen mantle, and below the LOQ for fresh ink. The median Pb concentrations of almost all samples were below the LOQ; only two frozen ink, one fresh ink, one frozen mantle, and one fresh mantle sample exceeded the limit stipulated by the European Union. The Hg concentrations were statistically similar among the four categories of samples; the median Hg concentrations were below the LOQ, and the maximum concentrations were found in frozen ink, at 1.62 mg/kg. The median Cd concentrations were 0.69 mg/kg for frozen ink and 0.11 mg/kg for frozen mantle, fresh mantle and fresh ink concentrations were below the LOQ, and in 11.3% of the tested samples, Cd concentrations were higher than the European Union limit. The probability of samples having a Cd concentration above the legal limit was 35.75 times higher in frozen than in fresh products. Fresh ink had significantly lower concentrations of As, Cr, Fe, and Cd, but the concentrations of Hg and Pb were not significantly different from those of other products. Frozen ink had significantly higher concentrations of Cd, Cr, and Fe, but concentrations of As were lower than those in fresh mantle, pointing out a possible role for the freezing process and for different fishing zones as risk factors for heavy metal contamination.

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