scholarly journals Heavy metal concentrations in vegetables cultivated and sold in Machakos Municipality, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 2027-2034
Author(s):  
R.M. Tomno ◽  
L. Kitulu ◽  
J.K. Nzeve ◽  
F. Waswa ◽  
S.N. Mailu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Urban Stream ◽  
County Government ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
The Mean

Heavy metal contamination of vegetables is a key aspect of food quality assurance since vegetables form a substantial proportion of the daily human diet. Health risks in urban populations due to exposure to heavy metals are on the increase because of the consumption of vegetables irrigated with wastewater. This study analyzed the concentration of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn and Cr in spinach and kales grown using contaminated water of the Mitheu urban stream and those sold within Machakos municipality. Vegetable samples were collected once per month for a period of four months starting from June to September 2019. The mean heavy metal concentrations obtained were0.013 – 3.19 mg/kg, 0.468 – 1.706 mg/kg, 0.02 – 0.368 mg/kg, 5.78 – 26.7 mg/kg, and 0.104 – 14.0 mg/kg for Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn and Cr respectively in kale samples from the different sampling sites. The heavy metal mean concentrations in spinach were 0.055 – 0.575 mg/kg, 3.79 – 5.55 mg/kg, 0.098 – 1.49 mg/kg, 8.32 – 20.7 mg/kg and 0.368 – 4.43 mg/kg for Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn and Cr respectively. The mean concentrations of Cd, Pb, Zn and Cr in both spinach and kales in some of the sampling sites were above WHO permissible levels for heavy metals in vegetables for human consumption. However, the mean concentration of Cu was below WHO recommended levels. Consumption of these vegetables therefore poses a health risk to the consumers. There is need to create public awareness on the dangers of consuming contaminated vegetables. Additionally, measures to curb heavy metal pollution in Mitheu stream should be taken by the County Government of Machakos.

scholarly journals Heavy metals in Venezuelan marine sediments: concentrations, degree of contamination, and distribution

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Ramos ◽  
Alejandra Verde ◽  
Elia M García
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Degree Of Contamination ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations

Venezuelan oil exploration and exploitation activities have been taking place since the 18th century. These long-term activities are closely related to heavy metal contamination because of the increasing input of toxic pollutants. Variations in heavy metal concentrations can cause, among other things, changes in metal distribution patterns, alterations in biogeochemical cycles, and increments in environmental and biological risks. The need for a complete baseline on heavy metal concentrations along the Venezuelan coast is critical. For this reason, we present the concentrations, distribution, and degree of contamination of 9 heavy metals (barium, mercury, copper, nickel, chromium, cadmium, zinc, lead, and vanadium) in marine sediments along the Venezuelan coast. We used the enrichment factor, the geoaccumulation index, and the mean effects range median quotients to evaluate the degree of contamination, comparing areas with and without intervention. Our results indicate that higher concentrations of these heavy metals are associated with places with greater anthropic activity, especially on the central and eastern coasts of Venezuela. Only cadmium showed extremely severe enrichment and a high degree of contamination. The biohazard potential was between 12% and 30% and was primarily associated with locations having high oil activity, which suggests that these places must be monitored, given the potential hazard they represent. This work encompasses the distribution and concentration of 9 heavy metals along the Venezuelan coast and takes relevance as a baseline for heavy metal concentrations and pollution indicators in marine sediments for Venezuela and the Caribbean.

scholarly journals Assessment of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Pawpaw (Carica papaya Linn.) around Automobile Workshops in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (14) ◽  
pp. 48-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olatunde Sunday Eludoyin ◽  
Onisoya Margaret Ogbe
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Supporting Soil ◽  
Rivers State

Background. Consumption of plants such as Carica papaya grown around automobile workshops is common in big cities in Nigeria. However, little is known about the heavy metals contamination of these consumables due to the influence of automobile emissions during maintenance activities. Objectives. This study aimed to assess heavy metal concentrations in C. papaya and supporting soils around automobile workshops in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria. Methods. Seven automobile workshops were used for the present study. First, 20 m × 20 m quadrats were laid out for soil and C. papaya tissue sampling. One composite soil sample was collected from the topsoil (0–15 cm depth) around each of the automobile workshops. Three C. papaya stands at least 30 cm apart around each workshop were used for the study and from these stands, tissues (root, stem, leaf, fruit) of C. papaya were collected. Standard laboratory techniques were used to determine the pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and heavy metals (lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn)) in the soil samples and C. papaya tissues. Pairwise t-test was used to determine significant differences (p<0.05) in the heavy metal concentrations in soil and C. papaya tissues between the sample and control sites, while correlation statistics were used to determine the relationship of heavy metal concentrations between soil and C. papaya tissues. Results. C. papaya tissues and supporting soil had significantly higher levels of pH, EC and heavy metals in the sampled plots than the control plot. The heavy metal concentrations in C. papaya and soil occurred in the decreasing order of Pb>Cu>Hg>Zn>Cd. The fruit of C. papaya had the highest mean concentrations of Pb (51.4±14.1 mg/kg) and Zn (26.4±1.9 mg/kg), while the leaf had the highest mean concentration of Hg (32.0±2.3 mg/kg). The pH, Cu and Zn in the supporting soil were significantly correlated with the levels in the C. papaya tissues. Conclusion. Bio-accumulation of heavy metals by C. papaya is evident around automobile workshops, and Pb, Hg, Cd concentrations were found to be above the permissible limits for human consumption according to World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Consumption of food materials grown around automobile workshops could pose health risks. Competing interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

scholarly journals Determination of heavy metals in some tissues of four fish species from the Karasu River (Erzincan, Turkey) for public consumption

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-246
Author(s):  
Özge Zencir Tanır
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Fish Size ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Pearson Correlation Analysis

Abstract The study aimed at determining the concentration of heavy metals in muscle, liver, and gill tissues of four fish species (Acanthobrama marmid, Capoeta umbla, Capoeta trutta and Chondrostoma regium) collected from five sites in the Karasu River, Erzincan, between July 2019 and January 2020. The relationships between fish size (length and weight) and metal concentrations in the tissues were also investigated using Pearson correlation analysis. Concentrations of Al, Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn were higher than those of other metals in all tissue samples from four fish species. Fe and Al concentrations were very high, while the lowest Co, Cd and Pb concentrations were determined in the muscle, liver and gill tissues. The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that significant relationships between heavy metal concentrations and fish size (length and weight) were positive (p < 0.01, p < 0.05), except for a few cases. Furthermore, heavy metal concentrations in the edible parts (muscle) of the studied fish species did not exceed the maximum acceptable concentrations (MACs) proposed by national and international food standards and were safe within human consumption limits, except for Cr.

scholarly journals Heavy Metal Contamination of Irrigation Water, Soil, and Vegetables and the Difference between Dry and Wet Seasons Near a Multi-Industry Zone in Bangladesh

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minhaz Ahmed ◽  
Masaru Matsumoto ◽  
Akinori Ozaki ◽  
Nguyen Thinh ◽  
Kiyoshi Kurosawa
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
The Difference

Heavy metal (Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb) contamination in irrigation water, soil, and vegetables was investigated in farmland adjacent to a multi-industry zone in Bangladesh in dry and wet seasons. In the zone, many factories release wastewater into nearby irrigation canals, and vegetables cultivated with this water could be a major food chain route for human exposure. In the irrigation water and vegetables, heavy metal concentrations exceeded permissible levels in the two seasons, but this was not the case in soil. Zn had the highest concentration, and Cd had the lowest concentration in irrigation water, soil, and vegetables. All heavy metal concentrations were found to be lower in the wet than in the dry season, which is due to the dilution of water by rainfall, lower absorption of heavy metals from the diluted irrigation water, and heavy metal absorption from low concentrated irrigation water and/or soil. The cluster analysis data of irrigation water, soil, and vegetables revealed that the heavy metals in vegetables were considered to be absorbed from irrigation water in the wet season and from soil in the dry season. In the dry season, the high heavy metal concentrations in vegetables might be caused by a high bioconcentration factor (mostly > 20%).

scholarly journals Phytoprevention of Heavy Metal Contamination From Terrestrial Enhanced Weathering: Can Plants Save the Day?

2022 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Jesper Suhrhoff
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations

Enhanced weathering is a promising approach to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. However, it may also pose environmental risks through the release of heavy metals, in particular nickel and chromium. In this perspective article I explore the potential role of plants in modulating these heavy metal fluxes. Agricultural basaltic soils may be valuable study sites in this context. However, the effect of biomass harvesting on the accumulation of heavy metals is currently not well studied. Mostly caused by different parent rock concentrations, there is a large variability of heavy metal concentrations in basaltic and ultramafic soils. Hence, to minimize environmental risks of enhanced weathering, basalts with low heavy metal concentrations should be favored. Existing phytoremediation strategies may be used to “phytoprevent” the accumulation of nickel and chromium released from enhanced weathering in soils. As a result, elevated nickel and chromium concentrations in rocks must not preclude enhanced weathering in all settings. In particular, hyperaccumulating plants could be used as part of a crop rotation to periodically remove heavy metals from soils. Enhanced weathering could also be employed on fields or forests of (non-hyper) accumulating plants that have a high primary production of biomass. Both approaches may have additional synergies with phytomining or bioenergy carbon capture and storage, increasing the total amount of carbon dioxide drawdown and at the same time preventing heavy metal accumulation in soils.

scholarly journals Heavy metals risk assessment in Salmo letnica from Lake Ohrid in Albania

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 1543
Author(s):  
Patrizia Marchetti ◽  
Fatmira Shehu ◽  
Angela Di Pinto ◽  
Valeriana Colao ◽  
Giuseppina Tantillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Lake Ohrid ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
The Mean

The Ohrid trout (Salmo letnica) is an endemic species of trout found only in Lake Ohrid, in the Balkan republics of North Macedonia and Albania, where it is a species of significant economic and nutritional interest. Considering the importance of chemical risk assessment in fish for human consumption set out by European and international legislation and the risk of extinction of the Ohrid trout, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the safety of Ohrid trout flesh for human consumption by determining the heavy metal concentration in different organs through atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Heavy metal concentrations differed significantly in different organs (P&lt;0.001). The mean and range of Pb and Cr concentrations in muscle were lower than the permissible limits recommended for human consumption according to the European Union (EU), as well as the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and World Health Organization, whereas the mean concentration and range of Cd in muscle tissue were above the critical limits for human consumption set by the EU and FAO, revealing inspection-related problems. Accordingly, S. letnica is not completely safe for human consumption. Therefore, the long-term assessment of heavy metal concentrations in Ohrid trout from Lake Ohrid is an important safety measure for fish consumers and will help assess the status of exploitation of this biological resource.

scholarly journals Heavy metal contamination in surface water of Mohammedia wetland, Morocco

2021 ◽  
Vol 298 ◽  
pp. 05001
Author(s):  
Halima Jounaid ◽  
El Mehdi El Hachimi ◽  
Nihad Chakri ◽  
Toufik Remmal ◽  
Btissam Elamrani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Industrial Activities ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations

Assessing heavy metal concentrations in wetlands and identifying sources of metal contamination are critical steps in protecting wetlands. Using seven sampling stations, we evaluated the spatial variation of some heavy metal concentrations in surface waters of the Mohammedia wetland and a selected segment of the El Maleh wadi that feeds the wetland. Field observations made it possible to identify and map the pollution discharged into El Maleh wadi, carrying heavy metals into the wetland. The analyses showed that the concentrations of lead, manganese, and cadmium far exceed the thresholds relating to fish life in 100% of sampling stations. All the evidence points to heavy metals contamination of surface water in Mohammedia wetland, generated by industrial activities, wastewater discharges, and leachate from the old landfill located upstream.

scholarly journals Analysis and simulation of bioaccumulation of selected metals from contaminated soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-97
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Babincev ◽  
Miljana Markovic ◽  
Dragana Radosavljevic
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Mean Relative Error ◽  
Adopted Model ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

The aim of this study was: I) to determine Pb, Cd and Zn concentrations in alluvial soil before and after planting selected plant species, and II) modeling of the bioaccumulation process in the examined soil, using several plant species. Soil samples were collected from the northern part of Kosovo and Metohija, and the selected plants were: a) vegetables: Lactuca sativa L. and Allium cepa L.; b) legumes: Lotus corniculatus L. and Trifolium pratense L.; and c) grasses (weed plants): Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. and Festuca arundinaceae Schreb. The experimental part of the work was carried out by vegetation experiments, and heavy metal concentrations were determined by potentiometric stripping analysis (PSA). The obtained results show that: I) the heavy metal concentrations in the analyzed soil were above allowed values at all measuring points; II) the selected species accumulated heavy metals to some extent. Expressed in percentages, vegetables and legumes accumulated 9?11 % Pb, 12?33 % Cd and 11?19 % Zn. Cyndon dactylon Pers. accumulated about 69 % Pb, 24?40 % Cd and 43 % Zn. Festuca arundinaceae accumulated 39?40 % Zn, 58?81 % Cd, and Pb up to 70 %. The obtained results indicate high tolerance to heavy metals, especially in the case of Festuca arundinacea. By simulation of the bioaccumulation process it has been established that the dependence of the concentration of metal ions before and after planting represents a linear regression. Coefficients of the model, for the discussed cases of heavy metals and plant species, were determined by minimization of the mean square error, and quality of model fits was evaluated by the values of the statistical indicators the RSE (Residual Standard Error) and MRE (Mean Relative Error). The closer the values of these indicators are to zero, the more accurate the model is. It can be concluded that the adopted model describes sufficiently well the dependence of concentrations of Pb and Zn in the soil before and after planting. The mean relative error (MRE) in the case of Cd is slightly higher than 7 %, which suggests that the use of a non-linear model is needed for which it is necessary to have additional samples available, which can be the subject of further research.

scholarly journals SOIL HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION IN RURAL LAND CONSOLIDATION AREAS IN THE YANGTZE RIVER DELTA, CHINA

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing ZENG ◽  
Shenglu ZHOU ◽  
Ligang LV ◽  
Quanlong SU ◽  
Jing WANG
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
Land Consolidation ◽  
Rural Land ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Yangtze River Delta

Due to the rapid urbanization of the Yangtze River Delta in China, large numbers of formerly rural residents have migrated to the cities. To adjust the structure of rural land use, the government has performed extensive land consolidation. Previous studies indicated that the land consolidation has affected farmland quality to some extent. However, the effect of the land consolidation on farmland heavy metal concentrations has rarely been reported. In this study, the Jintan District was used as an example, and 40 sampling sites of various consolidation types in 4 representative areas of rural land consolidation were selected. Soil samples were collected from these sites, and the heavy metal concentrations were analyzed. We used multivariate methods of correlation analysis and principal component analysis to study the conditions and sources of the heavy metal contamination in the soil. The results indicate that the mean concentrations of Cd, Hg, Ni, Cu, and Zn in the soil all exceeded the background values. The mean concentration of Cd was 0.409 mg/kg, and the enrichment factor (EF) was 4.54, making Cd the most prevalent heavy metal soil contaminant in the study area. The enrichment of soil heavy metals varied among the various representative areas. Suburban areas surrounding the central cities were mainly enriched in Hg, with an EF of 6.20. The comprehensive development zone displayed enrichment in Cd, with an EF of 7.79. The heavy metal concentrations in the soil also differed depending on the type of land consolidation. The reclaimed soil of rural settlements contained high levels of Cd and Zn, with EFs of 7.25 and 2.52, respectively, which were related to the land use before the land consolidation. The soil heavy metals of the study area were affected by both human activity and natural background contamination.

scholarly journals Heavy metal levels in cattle egrets (Bubulcus ibis) foraging in some abattoirs in Lagos State metropolis

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elijah Abakpa Adegbe ◽  
Oluwaseyi Oluwabukola Babajide ◽  
Lois Riyo Maina ◽  
Shola Elijah Adeniji
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Bubulcus Ibis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Lagos State ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Heavy metal accumulation in the ecosystem constitutes a potential toxic effect which is hazardous to human health. Increasing environmental pollution has necessitated the use of cattle egrets to evaluate the levels of heavy metal contamination, to establish their use in biomonitoring of heavy metals and to provide data for monitoring pollution in the environment. Results The present study assessed the utilization of Bubulcus ibis in monitoring pollution in five abattoirs, namely Agege, Bariga, Kara, Itire and Idi-Araba, all situated in Lagos State. The concentration of five (5) heavy metals, cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) was determined in the liver, muscle and feather of Bubulcus ibis using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The trend of metal accumulation was in the order: Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd > Ni for all the sampled tissues. The mean tissue concentrations of the metals were significantly different (p < 0.05) among the sites. The highest levels of metal concentration were reported in the liver in all the locations. Mean concentration of Cd in Kara (0.003 ± 0.00058) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those found at Agege (0.0013 ± 0.00058) and Idi-Araba (0.001 ± 0.001). A significant difference (p < 0.05) was also observed between the mean concentrations of Cu in Bariga (0.01 ± 0.001) and Idi-Araba (0.003 ± 0.001). Conclusion All the studied heavy metals were present in the liver, muscle and feathers of the cattle egrets. The contamination levels were ascertained from the study which indicated that cattle egrets are useful in biomonitoring studies and the generated data will serve as baseline data which could be compared with data from other locations for monitoring heavy metal pollution.

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