Conservation and utilization of threatened hardwood species through reforestation ? an example of Afzelia xylocarpa (Kruz.) Craib and Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre in Cambodia

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. So ◽  
I. Theilade ◽  
B. Dell
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Current Conservation ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
International Prices ◽  
Production Areas

The leguminaceous rosewoods, Afzelia xylocarpa (Caesalpiniodeae) and Dalbergia cochinchinensis (Faboideae) are threatened by habitat loss and exploitation for their extremely highly-prized timber throughout their range. This paper examines the current conservation status of A. xylocarpa and D. cochinchinensis in Cambodia, draws together information on silviculture and trade, and summarizes current conservation measures in the country. Urgent measures are required to conserve and sustainably use the remaining genetic resources. Opportunities and challenges for achieving these goals, through use of the two threatened species in reforestation, are discussed. The suitability of the species for reforestation combined with increasing domestic and international prices for rosewood provide an opportunity for promotion of the species in planting programmes. This would not only alleviate the pressure on their natural habitats, but also bring about economic benefit. The paper outlines some important steps in the development of domestication strategies including testing and improving silvicultural practices, and increasing the supply of genetically superior seeds from seed production areas and/or seed orchards. As a first step, a network of in situ gene banks has been established in natural forests in Cambodia. A wide range of stakeholders need to participate in such programmes in order to address socio-economic development and poverty reduction. This is in line with the main objective of the National Forest Programme of Cambodia.

scholarly journals Conservation Value, Management and Restoration of Europe’S Semi‑Natural Open Landscapes

Hacquetia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Carboni ◽  
Jürgen Dengler ◽  
Jasmin Mantilla-Contreras ◽  
Stephen Venn ◽  
Péter Török
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Woody Vegetation ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Current Conservation ◽  
Dry Grassland ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Most semi-natural open habitats in Europe have been traditionally maintained by anthropogenic activities, such as grazing or mowing, preventing the establishment of woody vegetation. These habitats harbour a remarkably rich biodiversity in terms of both plant and animal species, but are also highly threatened, mainly by agricultural intensification and land abandonment. With this Editorial we introduce a Special Issue initiated by the European Dry Grassland Group (EDGG) at the Open Landscapes Conference (Hildesheim, 2013) and the 11th European Dry Grassland Meeting (Kulikovo Pole, 2014). We aim to give a short introduction to the current conservation status, significance and research of semi-natural open habitats in Europe and present the collected articles of the Special Issue. These papers cover a wide range of different semi-natural open habitats, including wood-pastures, heathlands, steppes, semi-dry and dry grasslands across the Palearctic region and address issues related to the assessment methods, threats, management and restoration of these habitats. We conclude that, in order to ensure their conservation and to monitor the changes in open habitats, integrative approaches are needed that take into account not only vegetation records, but also multiple animal taxa, abiotic factors, management practices, ecosystem services and modelling simulations for anticipating possible future scenarios. We also recommend that decision-makers should support actions to conserve open habitats in Europe by addressing such major challenges as the encroachment of woody vegetation. We are convinced that the present Special Issue will contribute to a better understanding of ecosystem functions and support the biodiversity conservation and management of semi-natural open habitats.

scholarly journals The importance of in-situ conservation area in mining concession in preserving diversity, threatened and potential floras in East Kalimantan, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
ABBAN PUTRI FIQA ◽  
FAUZIAH FAUZIAH ◽  
DEWI AYU LESTARI ◽  
SUGENG BUDIHARTA
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Mining Operation ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
East Kalimantan

Fiqa AP, Fauziah, Lestari DA, Budiharta S. 2019. The importance of in-situ conservation area in mining concession in preserving diversity, threatened and potential floras in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 198-210. East Kalimantan is the most well-known province in Indonesia with high natural resources, particularly from the mining sector. While delivering benefits for economic development, coal mining operation negatively affects biodiversity. Effort to mitigate impacts on biodiversity is by establishing an in-situ conservation area inside the coal mining area. This area is preserved in the form of arboretum from existing natural forests. The aim of this research is to identify the importance of conservation area in a mining concession in East Kalimantan regarding its plants’ diversity, conservation status, and utilization. The research was conducted by doing vegetation analysis and inventorying plant biodiversity inside the in-situ conservation area by using plot samples. The result showed that the in-situ conservation area protects at least 142 species with a high level of biodiversity on all vegetation phases, indicated by Shannon Wiener diversity indices in which all phase have an index higher than 3. It protects 22 species listed in IUCN Red List of threatened species and contains at least 90 potential plants utilized by traditional Dayak people in their daily life. This study highlights that the conservation area is an important part in mining management to protect biodiversity, and suggest that in-situ conservation area should be preserved by every mining concession.

scholarly journals Diversity of the Seed Material of Selected Plant Species of Naturally Valuable Grassland Habitats in Terms of the Prognosis of Introduction Success

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13979
Author(s):  
Maria Janicka ◽  
Bogumiła Pawluśkiewicz ◽  
Elżbieta Małuszyńska ◽  
Tomasz Gnatowski
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Germination Capacity ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Current Conservation ◽  
Seed Material ◽  
Grassland Habitats

The current conservation status of semi-natural grassland habitats in Poland indicates that actions for their restoration are necessary. Many of the degraded sites require the introduction of diaspores of representative species because other methods of improving their condition are not sufficiently effective. Meanwhile, little is known about the diaspores of native wild-flower species and the biology of their seeds. The aim of the present study was to find an answer to the question of which features of the seed material can guarantee the success of the introduction. The study covered 28 plant species of 4 non-forest natural habitats (codes: 6440, 6410, 6510, 6210) occurring in river valleys. Diaspores were collected in 2015–2017. Morphometric measurements of diaspores were performed, the weight of 1000 diaspores was determined and the germination capacity analysis was carried out in accordance with ISTA Rules. The analysis was made with the division into normal seedlings, abnormal seedlings, dead seeds and fresh ungerminated seeds. Species with similar parameters of seed material were selected using the method of hierarchical clustering and PCA analysis. Three groups of species were distinguished: (1) with good seed germination capacity (above 65%), which, regardless of weather conditions during the generative development, and despite the small size of diaspores, can guarantee successful introductions (Verbascum thapsus, Veronica longifolia, Daucus carota, Plantago lanceolata); (2) species of little suitability for introduction, due to the large proportion (over 50%) of dead seeds (Armeria maritima, Linaria vulgaris, Potentilla erecta, Centaurea stoebe, Sanguisorba officinalis, Cnidium dubium); (3) species with relatively large size of diaspores and low seed germination capacity, due to the high proportion of fresh ungerminated seeds which means dormant seeds (Lathyrus pratensis, Geranium pratense).

scholarly journals Evaluating different conservation approaches to protection of subterranean fauna in Slovenia

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Zagmajster ◽  
Petra Bregović ◽  
Teo Delić ◽  
Cene Fiser ◽  
Žiga Fišer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Single Site ◽  
Habitats Directive ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Current Conservation ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
First Case ◽  
Subterranean Species

Due to increasing human activities with negative impacts on wildlife and natural habitats, it has become necessary to establish conservation policies protecting at least parts of natural diversity. Subterranean fauna presents a challenge for conservation as species with small ranges or single site occurrences are common. In addition to the high level of strict endemism, the concealed lifestyles in habitats that are difficult to access make it challenging to establish the conservation status of subterranean species. Conservation approaches have different practical implications, but they should: i) include a sufficient number of important sites or proportion of species populations, and ii) involve monitoring of target species and habitats to check the effectiveness of conservation efforts. We evaluated both aspects in two study cases on subterranean fauna from Slovenia, which is known as one of the global biodiversity hotspots in the Western Balkans. In the first case, we investigated to what extent current conservation schemes cover single site species. In the second case, we studied a region in Southern Slovenia and evaluated to what extent the EU legislation, namely EU Habitats directive, has been successfully implemented. In the frame of the latter, Sites of Community Importance were designated also due to the presence of important cave habitats and subterranean species. Our results suggest that the inclusion of important subterranean sites in conservation schemes is considerable. But, the apparent lack of research and monitoring of both subterranean habitats and species hampers the conclusions on effectiveness of different conservation approaches.

scholarly journals Subtropical Broad-Leaved Urban Forests as the Foremost Dynamic and Complex Habitats for a Wide Range of Bird Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13021
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nawaz Rajpar ◽  
Shahab Ali Khan ◽  
Allah Ditta ◽  
Hayssam M. Ali ◽  
Sami Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Distance Sampling ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Urban Forests ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Current Conservation ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Bird Density ◽  
Wide Range

Broad-leaved subtropical forests are the most productive, diversified, and complex ecosystems on the planet. Unfortunately, they are currently under severe threat from anthropogenic activities, such as. deforestation, housing settlements, and agricultural expansion. In response to these severe effects, the present study was conducted to explore the current conservation status and population structure of a wide range of bird species inhabiting different subtropical broad-leaved urban forests of Pakistan. In total, 2879 individuals comprising 53 species and 28 families were detected between December 2017 and November 2018 as revealed through the distance sampling line transect method. The habitat selection among bird species varied according to vegetation structure and composition, food resources, adjoining habitats, and human settlements. According to IUCN Red List data, one species was deemed vulnerable out of 53 bird species, while the remaining 52 species were ranked as ofleast concern. The findings of the density analysis revealed that bird density varied between six subtropical broad-leaved forests. Palamar (3.954 ± 0.221 birds/ha) and Kityari (3.138 ± 0.162 birds/ha) were densely populated, whereas Kamal Khan (1.102 ± 0.178 birds/ha) was of the least concern. Likewise, the diversity analysis showed that Kamal Khan was a more diverse habitat (Shannon–Wiener Index; H’ = 3.581 ± 0.021). Shahabad was richer (Margalef Richness Index; R1 = 8.007 ± 0.053) and Dob Ghar was evenly distributed (Pielou J Evenness Index; E = 0.940 ± 0.005) compared to other urban habitats studied. Eight foraging guilds were identified among the bird species. Insectivores were the most abundant bird species utilizing the urban dwelling habitats. carnivores/piscivores/insectivores utilized Dob Ghar forest, while more frugivores utilized Kamal Khan and Dob Ghar. Based on the data, it was concluded that subtropical broad-leaved urban forests are dynamic, complex, and of vital significance for a diverse range of bird species.

scholarly journals Conservation status of eleven wild bean (Phaseolus spp. Fabaceae) species in northeastern Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-429
Author(s):  
Alma Delia Baez-González ◽  
Efraín Acosta-Díaz ◽  
José Saúl Padilla-Ramírez ◽  
Isidro H. Almeyda-León ◽  
Francisco Zavala-García
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Current Conservation ◽  
Wild Bean ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Northeastern Mexico ◽  
Not At Risk ◽  
Phaseolus Species

Rare and endemic plants, such as the wild species of Phaseolus (Fabaceae) in northeastern Mexico, deserve high priority in conservation efforts because of their uniqueness and usefulness as plant genetic resource. This is particularly important because during the last decades, some of these species have become endangered because of anthropogenic and natural factors. The study aimed to determine the current conservation status of 11 reported wild bean species in northeastern Mexico, using wild bean data from 77 expeditions to the states of Nuevo León and Tamaulipas during the period 1869-2013.The conservation status of the different species was determined according to the Official Mexican Standard NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010. The categories of risk were based on four indicators: amplitude of distribution, habitat status, biological vulnerability and impact of human activity. The following eight wild Phaseolus species are not at risk of extinction: P. albiflorus, P. glabellus, P. leptostachyus, P. maculatifolius, P. neglectus, P. pedicellatus, P. vulgaris and P. zimapanensis. On the other hand, P. altimontanus Freytag & Debouck is categorized as threatened; P. novoleonensis Debouck, in danger of extinction; and P. plagiocylix Harms, possibly extinct.  Current in situ and ex situ conservation programs need to be strengthened and expanded for the medium- and long-term protection of wild bean species in northeastern Mexico.

In situ analysis of the current conservation status of Mammillaria herrerae Werderm. in the southern Chihuahuan Desert

Bradleya ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (30) ◽  
pp. 111-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Maruri Aguilar ◽  
Emiliano Sánchez Martínez ◽  
Jordan Golubov Figueroa
Keyword(s):  
Chihuahuan Desert ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
In Situ Analysis ◽  
Current Conservation

In-situ electrical-resistivity measurements in the high-voltage electron microscope

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-69
Author(s):  
W. E. King
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Resistivity Measurements ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscope ◽  
High Voltage Electron ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Helium Gas

A side-entry type, helium-temperature specimen stage that has the capability of in-situ electrical-resistivity measurements has been designed and developed for use in the AEI-EM7 1200-kV electron microscope at Argonne National Laboratory. The electrical-resistivity measurements complement the high-voltage electron microscope (HVEM) to yield a unique opportunity to investigate defect production in metals by electron irradiation over a wide range of defect concentrations.A flow cryostat that uses helium gas as a coolant is employed to attain and maintain any specified temperature between 10 and 300 K. The helium gas coolant eliminates the vibrations that arise from boiling liquid helium and the temperature instabilities due to alternating heat-transfer mechanisms in the two-phase temperature regime (4.215 K). Figure 1 shows a schematic view of the liquid/gaseous helium transfer system. A liquid-gas mixture can be used for fast cooldown. The cold tip of the transfer tube is inserted coincident with the tilt axis of the specimen stage, and the end of the coolant flow tube is positioned without contact within the heat exchanger of the copper specimen block (Fig. 2).

Site specific agricultural soil management with the use of new technologies

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Digital Interface ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soil Variation ◽  
Soil Information ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
Agricultural Areas

<p>The Soil Science Institute of Thessaloniki produces new digitized Soil Maps that provide a useful electronic database for the spatial representation of the soil variation within a region, based on in situ soil sampling, laboratory analyses, GIS techniques and plant nutrition mathematical models, coupled with the local land cadastre. The novelty of these studies is that local agronomists have immediate access to a wide range of soil information by clicking on a field parcel shown in this digital interface and, therefore, can suggest an appropriate treatment (e.g. liming, manure incorporation, desalination, application of proper type and quantity of fertilizer) depending on the field conditions and cultivated crops. A specific case study is presented in the current work with regards to the construction of the digitized Soil Map of the regional unit of Kastoria. The potential of this map can easily be realized by the fact that the mapping of the physicochemical properties of the soils in this region provided delineation zones for differential fertilization management. An experiment was also conducted using remote sensing techniques for the enhancement of the fertilization advisory software database, which is a component of the digitized map, and the optimization of nitrogen management in agricultural areas.</p>

The rediscovery of the Southern Swallowtail (Papilio alexanor Esper, 1799) in Bosnia & Herzegovina after 50 years of absence

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Toni Koren ◽  
Matea Martinović
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Recent Observation ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Red List ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Current Conservation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Larval Host

The caterpillars of the Southern Swallowtail, Papilio alexanor have been recorded in the vicinity of Trebinje, Bosnia & Herzegovina. This is the first recent observation of this species in the country and the third observation so far. Opopanax chironium is confirmed as the larval host plant in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which was expected due to the recent observations from Croatia. Its status and distribution in the country are still not clear, and further surveys are recommended in order to reconfirm the historical records as well as to assess its current conservation status. Due to the limited extent of its occurrence, we propose to include it in the Red list of fauna of Bosnia & Herzegovina as Vulnerable (VU).

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