Site specific agricultural soil management with the use of new technologies

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Digital Interface ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soil Variation ◽  
Soil Information ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
Agricultural Areas

<p>The Soil Science Institute of Thessaloniki produces new digitized Soil Maps that provide a useful electronic database for the spatial representation of the soil variation within a region, based on in situ soil sampling, laboratory analyses, GIS techniques and plant nutrition mathematical models, coupled with the local land cadastre. The novelty of these studies is that local agronomists have immediate access to a wide range of soil information by clicking on a field parcel shown in this digital interface and, therefore, can suggest an appropriate treatment (e.g. liming, manure incorporation, desalination, application of proper type and quantity of fertilizer) depending on the field conditions and cultivated crops. A specific case study is presented in the current work with regards to the construction of the digitized Soil Map of the regional unit of Kastoria. The potential of this map can easily be realized by the fact that the mapping of the physicochemical properties of the soils in this region provided delineation zones for differential fertilization management. An experiment was also conducted using remote sensing techniques for the enhancement of the fertilization advisory software database, which is a component of the digitized map, and the optimization of nitrogen management in agricultural areas.</p>

scholarly journals Special Issue on Remote Sensing of Snow and Its Applications

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Nadir Arslan ◽  
Zuhal Akyürek
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Carbon Cycles ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques

Snow cover is an essential climate variable directly affecting the Earth’s energy balance. Snow cover has a number of important physical properties that exert an influence on global and regional energy, water, and carbon cycles. Remote sensing provides a good understanding of snow cover and enable snow cover information to be assimilated into hydrological, land surface, meteorological, and climate models for predicting snowmelt runoff, snow water resources, and to warn about snow-related natural hazards. The main objectives of this Special Issue, “Remote Sensing of Snow and Its Applications” in Geosciences are to present a wide range of topics such as (1) remote sensing techniques and methods for snow, (2) modeling, retrieval algorithms, and in-situ measurements of snow parameters, (3) multi-source and multi-sensor remote sensing of snow, (4) remote sensing and model integrated approaches of snow, and (5) applications where remotely sensed snow information is used for weather forecasting, flooding, avalanche, water management, traffic, health and sport, agriculture and forestry, climate scenarios, etc. It is very important to understand (a) differences and similarities, (b) representativeness and applicability, (c) accuracy and sources of error in measuring of snow both in-situ and remote sensing and assimilating snow into hydrological, land surface, meteorological, and climate models. This Special Issue contains nine articles and covers some of the topics we listed above.

Portable in practice: investigations using portable instrumentation for materials analysis and mapping of decorated architectural surfaces in the tablinum of the House of the Bicentenary at Herculaneum

MRS Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (33-34) ◽  
pp. 1831-1848
Author(s):  
Kiernan Graves ◽  
David Carson ◽  
Ilaria Catapano ◽  
Giacomo Chiari ◽  
Gianluca Gennarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Portable Instrumentation ◽  
Collaborative Project ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Roman Painting ◽  
Severe Deterioration ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Multi Disciplinary Team

ABSTRACTThe conservation of the architectural surfaces in the tablinum of the House of the Bicentenary at the ancient Roman site of Herculaneum is a collaborative project of the Getty Conservation Institute, the Herculaneum Conservation Project and the Soprintendenza Pompeii. The tablinum was selected as a case study given the significance, beauty, and severe deterioration of its decorated surfaces. A multi-disciplinary team with a wide range of expertise, comprised of conservators, chemists, geo-physicists, engineers, and conservation scientists, worked in partnership across a number of institutions with the objective to study the wall paintings in the tablinum. Scientists and conservators worked together to test the feasibility of portable techniques and in situ investigations to better understand Roman painting technology; identify previous restoration materials; determine the presence of alteration products; and characterize deterioration mechanisms commonly found on architectural surfaces at archaeological sites of the Vesuvian Region. The collection and interpretation of the instrumental data has been critical to the design and implementation of appropriate passive and remedial interventions to stabilize the architectural surfaces and mitigate deterioration. The paper will present the results of the investigations using portable instrumentation along with a discussion of the capabilities and limitations of each technique and the practical implications of their use for architectural surfaces on archaeological sites.

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Changes in Infiltration and Aggregate Stability: A Case Study of a Subhumid Irrigated Cropland

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gergely Jakab ◽  
Endre Dobos ◽  
Balázs Madarász ◽  
Zoltán Szalai ◽  
Judit Alexandra Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Technical Improvement ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Extreme Precipitation Events ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Seedbed Preparation ◽  
Precipitation Events

Climate change is increasing the occurrence of extreme precipitation events and causing irregular precipitation patterns. This occurs in parallel with the degradation of crop fields, and triggers the occurrence of pluvial floods and droughts on the same field. Consequently, irrigation must be adapted to the changing soil properties. Detailed spatial and temporal measurements of changes in infiltration are required. This study aimed to quantify changes in infiltration for a subhumid irrigated cropland with various soil types (Phaeozem, Solonetz, Chernozem) and field conditions (seedbed and stubble) by simulating rainfall. As the soil structure determines hydrology, the aggregate stability/surface roughness was tested as a proxy of infiltration through photogrammetry. The soil losses caused by precipitation did not exhibit connections to changes in the surface roughness, and lower aggregate stability did not necessarily cause lower infiltration intensities, suggesting that sedimentation could only partly seal drainage pores. The final infiltration intensities varied within a wide range (0.2–28.4 mm h−1). Seedbed preparation did not increase the volume of micropores (<10 µm), which resulted in higher infiltration under stubble. Photogrammetry was found to be a potentially useful tool for measuring aggregate stability, however, further investigations on in situ soil surfaces are required for technical improvement.

scholarly journals Geostatistical inverse modeling with very large datasets: an example from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2) satellite

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1771-1785
Author(s):  
Scot M. Miller ◽  
Arvind K. Saibaba ◽  
Michael E. Trudeau ◽  
Marikate E. Mountain ◽  
Arlyn E. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Inverse Modeling ◽  
Initial Guess ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Co2 Fluxes ◽  
Gas Fluxes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Fluxes

Abstract. Geostatistical inverse modeling (GIM) has become a common approach to estimating greenhouse gas fluxes at the Earth's surface using atmospheric observations. GIMs are unique relative to other commonly used approaches because they do not require a single emissions inventory or a bottom–up model to serve as an initial guess of the fluxes. Instead, a modeler can incorporate a wide range of environmental, economic, and/or land use data to estimate the fluxes. Traditionally, GIMs have been paired with in situ observations that number in the thousands or tens of thousands. However, the number of available atmospheric greenhouse gas observations has been increasing enormously as the number of satellites, airborne measurement campaigns, and in situ monitoring stations continues to increase. This era of prolific greenhouse gas observations presents computational and statistical challenges for inverse modeling frameworks that have traditionally been paired with a limited number of in situ monitoring sites. In this article, we discuss the challenges of estimating greenhouse gas fluxes using large atmospheric datasets with a particular focus on GIMs. We subsequently discuss several strategies for estimating the fluxes and quantifying uncertainties, strategies that are adapted from hydrology, applied math, or other academic fields and are compatible with a wide variety of atmospheric models. We further evaluate the accuracy and computational burden of each strategy using a synthetic CO2 case study based upon NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2) satellite. Specifically, we simultaneously estimate a full year of 3-hourly CO2 fluxes across North America in one case study – a total of 9.4×106 unknown fluxes using 9.9×104 synthetic observations. The strategies discussed here provide accurate estimates of CO2 fluxes that are comparable to fluxes calculated directly or analytically. We are also able to approximate posterior uncertainties in the fluxes, but these approximations are, typically, an over- or underestimate depending upon the strategy employed and the degree of approximation required to make the calculations manageable.

Problem solving teaching with hearing and hearing-impaired students

2019 ◽  
pp. 193-203
Author(s):  
Kinga Szűcs
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Education ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Friedrich Schiller ◽  
Mathematics Classrooms ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Hearing Impaired Students

In the last decade the concept of inclusion has become more and more prevalent in mathematics education, especially in Germany. Accordingly, teachers in mathematics classrooms have to face a wide range of heterogeneity, which includes physical, sensory and mental disabilities. At the Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, within the framework of the project “Media in mathematics education” it is examined how new technologies can support teaching in inclusive mathematics classrooms. In the academic year 2017/18, the heterogeneity regarding hearing impairment was mainly focussed on. Based on a small case study with hearing and hearing-impaired students a problem-solving unit about tangent lines was worked out according to Pólya, which is presented in the paper.

scholarly journals 3-D views of the expanding CME: from the Sun to 1AU

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (H16) ◽  
pp. 106-108
Author(s):  
Alexis P. Rouillard
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Ultraviolet ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Flux Rope ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Magnetic Flux Rope ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
Vantage Points ◽  
White Light Imaging

AbstractThree-dimensional information on Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) can be obtained from a wide range of in-situ measurements and remote-sensing techniques. Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and white-light imaging sensed from several vantage points can be used to infer the 3-D geometry of the different parts that constitute a CME. High-resolution and high-cadence coronal imaging provides detailed information on the formation and release phase of a magnetic flux rope, the lateral expansion of the CME and the reconfiguration of the corona associated with the effects of pressure variations and reconnection. The evolution of the CME in the interplanetary medium and the connection of its various substructures with in-situ measurements can be obtained from multi-point heliospheric imaging.

scholarly journals Classification of shallow water seabed profile based on Landsat 8 imagery and in-situ data. Case study in Gili Matra Island Lombok, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 04002
Author(s):  
Ratih Ayustina ◽  
Zahra Aulia ◽  
Haji Mustakin ◽  
Fiyesti Alam ◽  
Amron Amron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Image Classification ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Dead Coral ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques

Shallow water seabed profile has considerable potential resources so the availability of information which very important for coastal resources. The use of remote sensing techniques is considered to provide coastal information effective and efficient. This research aimed to determine the shallow water seabed profile based on Landsat 8 Imagery and its accuracy related to the in situ data. Methods of this research are satellite mage pre-processing, image classification, field survey, image classification, and accuracy assesment . Therefore, 6 classification of shallow water seabed profile, there are rubble (R), seagrass mixed sand (MIX -SG/SD), coral reefs mixed rubble (MIX-C/RB), rubble mixed dead coral (MIX-RB/DC), sand mixed rubble (MIX-SD/RB), and sand mixed seagrass (MIX-SD/SG), respectevely. The result of this classification has an accuracy value 80%.

In-situ electrical-resistivity measurements in the high-voltage electron microscope

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-69
Author(s):  
W. E. King
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Resistivity Measurements ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscope ◽  
High Voltage Electron ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Helium Gas

A side-entry type, helium-temperature specimen stage that has the capability of in-situ electrical-resistivity measurements has been designed and developed for use in the AEI-EM7 1200-kV electron microscope at Argonne National Laboratory. The electrical-resistivity measurements complement the high-voltage electron microscope (HVEM) to yield a unique opportunity to investigate defect production in metals by electron irradiation over a wide range of defect concentrations.A flow cryostat that uses helium gas as a coolant is employed to attain and maintain any specified temperature between 10 and 300 K. The helium gas coolant eliminates the vibrations that arise from boiling liquid helium and the temperature instabilities due to alternating heat-transfer mechanisms in the two-phase temperature regime (4.215 K). Figure 1 shows a schematic view of the liquid/gaseous helium transfer system. A liquid-gas mixture can be used for fast cooldown. The cold tip of the transfer tube is inserted coincident with the tilt axis of the specimen stage, and the end of the coolant flow tube is positioned without contact within the heat exchanger of the copper specimen block (Fig. 2).

SenCity – Evaluating Users’ Experiences of Intelligent Lighting for Well-Being in Smart Cities

2018 ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Henrika Pihlajaniemi ◽  
Anna Luusua ◽  
Eveliina Juntunen
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
System Data

This paper presents the evaluation of usersХ experiences in three intelligent lighting pilots in Finland. Two of the case studies are related to the use of intelligent lighting in different kinds of traffic areas, having emphasis on aspects of visibility, traffic and movement safety, and sense of security. The last case study presents a more complex view to the experience of intelligent lighting in smart city contexts. The evaluation methods, tailored to each pilot context, include questionnaires, an urban dashboard, in-situ interviews and observations, evaluation probes, and system data analyses. The applicability of the selected and tested methods is discussed reflecting the process and achieved results.

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