The molecular regulation of stilbene phytoalexin biosynthesis in Vitis vinifera during grape berry development

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Bais ◽  
Peter J. Murphy ◽  
Ian B. Dry
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Stilbene Synthase ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Molecular Regulation ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Uv Treatment ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Uv Induction ◽  
Phytoalexin Biosynthesis

The molecular regulation of stilbene phytoalexin biosynthesis in developing Vitis vinifera L. grape berries was investigated using a UV induction system. Berries were collected at 1, 5, 10 and 16 weeks post-flowering from the cultivars Shiraz, Semillon, Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay and the skins analysed for resveratrol production following irradiation with UV-C light. The rate and maximal level of resveratrol accumulation increased markedly in berries sampled from 1–5 weeks post-flowering and then dramatically declined in maturing berries sampled from 10–16 weeks post-flowering in all cultivars. In berries sampled at 1 and 5 weeks post-flowering, maximal levels of resveratrol accumulation were recorded at incubation periods of 24 and 48 h respectively whereas maximal resveratrol levels were not recorded in week 16 berry skins until 72 h after UV-treatment. Gene expression analysis indicated that stilbene synthase (STS) mRNA accumulated within 4–8 h of UV treatment in berries sampled at 1 and 5 weeks post-flowering, but did not increase in week 16 berries until 24–48 h following UV-irradiation. Furthermore, the overall level of STS gene expression declined in berries sampled 10–16 weeks post-flowering. The results demonstrate that inducible stilbene accumulation in ripening grape berries is highly regulated at the level of STS gene transcription. This decline in inducible STS gene expression may be a major factor contributing to the increased susceptibility of ripening grape berries to Botrytis cinerea infection.

The molecular regulation of stilbene phytoalexin biosynthesis in Vitis vinifera during grape berry development

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Bais ◽  
Peter J. Murphy ◽  
Ian B. Dry
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Stilbene Synthase ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Molecular Regulation ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Uv Treatment ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Uv Induction ◽  
Phytoalexin Biosynthesis

The molecular regulation of stilbene phytoalexin biosynthesis in developing Vitis vinifera L. grape berries was investigated using a UV induction system. Berries were collected at 1, 5, 10 and 16 weeks post-flowering from the cultivars Shiraz, Semillon, Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay and the skins analysed for resveratrol production following irradiation with UV-C light. The rate and maximal level of resveratrol accumulation increased markedly in berries sampled from 1–5 weeks post-flowering and then dramatically declined in maturing berries sampled from 10–16 weeks post-flowering in all cultivars. In berries sampled at 1 and 5 weeks post-flowering, maximal levels of resveratrol accumulation were recorded at incubation periods of 24 and 48 h respectively whereas maximal resveratrol levels were not recorded in week 16 berry skins until 72 h after UV-treatment. Gene expression analysis indicated that stilbene synthase (STS) mRNA accumulated within 4–8 h of UV treatment in berries sampled at 1 and 5 weeks post-flowering, but did not increase in week 16 berries until 24–48 h following UV-irradiation. Furthermore, the overall level of STS gene expression declined in berries sampled 10–16 weeks post-flowering. The results demonstrate that inducible stilbene accumulation in ripening grape berries is highly regulated at the level of STS gene transcription. This decline in inducible STS gene expression may be a major factor contributing to the increased susceptibility of ripening grape berries to Botrytis cinerea infection.

scholarly journals Study of the distribution of Rare Earth Elements in soil and in Vitis Vinifera L.cv Cannonau in two different regions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Pepi ◽  
Valeria Medoro ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Italian Regions

<p>Vitis vinifera L. cultivar “Cannonau” (Magnoliopsida Vitaceae) has been grown for years in the Italian regions to produce a fine wine, with Controlled Designation of Origin (DOC) and Denomination of Controlled and Guaranteed Origin, (DOCG). The International Organization of Vine and Wine (OIV) defined the “terroir” as “a concept which refers to a specific area in which the interactions between the physical and biological environment and applied vitivinicultural practices develops. Whereas, from a geological point of view, the terroir has been defined as the geochemistry of soil, surface and ground water. Recent studies, regarding vitis vinifera, based on geochemical characterization have clearly shown the connection among geological origin, vineyard soil and grape berries. Another way to trace geographical origin can be through the identification of Rare Earth Elements (REEs) in the soil-plant system. However, the study of REEs is also important to define the petrological characterization and the relations between soil and plants.</p><p>We evaluated the relationship among the concentrations of rare earth elements (REE) in soil and in “Cannonau” grape berries in vineyards belonging to two different vineyards located in the valleys Pardu and Pelau in Sardinia (Italy) and one in Susegana in the Veneto Region (Northern Italy). The concentration of REE in samples of soil and juice or solid residues of grape berries was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and the data were elaborated with multivariate statistics (Linear Discrimination Analysis).The concentration of REEs in soil and grape berry samples allowed an identification of each locality examined . Moreover, the geochemical and statistical analyses allowed to discriminate the vineyard soils and grape berries according to geo-lithological characteristics of each area and to identify possible geochemical markers for the cultivar “Cannonau” .These markers, suitable as terroir fingerprintings, may be useful to avoid fraudulent use of the denomination label and falsification of the Made in Italy trademark.</p>

Isogene specific oligo arrays reveal multifaceted changes in gene expression during grape berry (Vitis vinifera L.) development

Planta ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 222 (5) ◽  
pp. 832-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Terrier ◽  
David Glissant ◽  
Jérôme Grimplet ◽  
François Barrieu ◽  
Philippe Abbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L

Cloning and expression of two plasma membrane aquaporins expressed during the ripening of grape berry

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Picaud ◽  
Frédéric Becq ◽  
Fabienne Dédaldéchamp ◽  
Agnès Ageorges ◽  
Serge Delrot
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Xenopus Oocytes ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Cloning And Expression ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Urea Uptake

The ripening of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berry is accompanied by dramatic accumulation of sugars and water. Two full-length clones and several partial clones encoding plasma membrane aquaporins (PIP) were cloned from grape berries collected at the beginning of ripening. Based on their sequences, on a phylogenetic analysis and on functional properties, both clones, called VvPIP1a and VvPIP1b were assigned to the PIP1 subfamily. RNA gel blot studies with berries at various stages of development indicated that VvPIP expression was highest at stages following veraison. Injection of Xenopus oocytes with VvPIP1a cRNA induced a moderate increase of water permeability and a large increase in glycerol permeability, whereas injection with VvPIP1b cRNA did not affect these permeabilities. Injection of VvPIP1a cRNA, but not VvPIP1b cRNA, inhibited urea uptake by the oocyte, and this inhibition was sensitive to HgCl2. The data are discussed in relation with the potential role of aquaporins in fruit physiology.

scholarly journals Expression of Specific Class I Chitinase mRNA Levels in Different Grape Varieties and Their Antimicrobial Activity

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1176
Author(s):  
Jana Žiarovská ◽  
Lucia Zamiešková ◽  
Jana Bilčíková ◽  
Veronika Fialková ◽  
Jozef Sabo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Class I ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Specific Class ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
I Gene

The aim of this study was to compare the natural variability of the expression of class I chitinase gene in grapes of Vitis vinifera L. varieties as well as investigate their antimicrobial activity. Further, the effect of antimicrobial activity in chitinase expression was analyzed. Matured berries of thirteen grape varieties were used in the study—Alibernet, Dornfelder, Cabernet Sauvignon, Blaufränkisch, Sauvignon Blanc, Welschriesling, Weisser Riesling, Irsai Oliver, Pinot Blanc, Pálava, Müller-Thurgau, Grűner Veltliner, and Feteasca Regala, grown in the Small Carpathians wine region of Slovakia, Vrbové. Chitinase I gene expression was found to be similar in most of the analyzed varieties with the except of two varieties, where the expression of chitinase I was significantly higher—Pinot Blanc and Savignon Blanc. By comparing the varieties between the lowest and highest expression fold change, they were statistically different in the level of its chitinase I gene expression. Grape pomace extracts of analyzed Vitis vinifera L. were effective against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and yeasts, but a weak correlation tendency was found between chitinase I gene expression and antimicrobial activity, only against Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus, Candida albicans, and Candida glabrata.

scholarly journals Grading and Sorting of Grape Berries Using Visible-Near Infrared Spectroscopy on the Basis of Multiple Inner Quality Parameters

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 2600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Xiao ◽  
Li Feng ◽  
Dajie Song ◽  
Kang Tu ◽  
Jing Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Partial Least Squares ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Grape Quality

The potential of visible-near infrared (vis/NIR) spectroscopy (400 nm to 1100 nm) for classification of grape berries on the basis of multi inner quality parameters was investigated. Stored Vitis vinifera L. cv. Manicure Finger and Vitis vinifera L. cv. Ugni Blanc grape berries were separated into three classes based on the distribution of total soluble solid content (SSC) and total phenolic compounds (TP). Partial least squares regression (PLS) was applied to predict the quality parameters, including color space CIELAB, SSC, and TP. The prediction results showed that the vis/NIR spectrum correlated with the SSC and TP present in the intact grape berries with determination coefficient of prediction (RP2) in the range of 0.735 to 0.823. Next, the vis/NIR spectrum was used to distinguish between berries with different SSC and TP concentrations using partial least squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) with >77% accuracy. This study provides a method to identify stored grape quality classes based on the spectroscopy and distributions of multiple inner quality parameters.

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