scholarly journals Expression of Specific Class I Chitinase mRNA Levels in Different Grape Varieties and Their Antimicrobial Activity

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1176
Author(s):  
Jana Žiarovská ◽  
Lucia Zamiešková ◽  
Jana Bilčíková ◽  
Veronika Fialková ◽  
Jozef Sabo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Class I ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Specific Class ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
I Gene

The aim of this study was to compare the natural variability of the expression of class I chitinase gene in grapes of Vitis vinifera L. varieties as well as investigate their antimicrobial activity. Further, the effect of antimicrobial activity in chitinase expression was analyzed. Matured berries of thirteen grape varieties were used in the study—Alibernet, Dornfelder, Cabernet Sauvignon, Blaufränkisch, Sauvignon Blanc, Welschriesling, Weisser Riesling, Irsai Oliver, Pinot Blanc, Pálava, Müller-Thurgau, Grűner Veltliner, and Feteasca Regala, grown in the Small Carpathians wine region of Slovakia, Vrbové. Chitinase I gene expression was found to be similar in most of the analyzed varieties with the except of two varieties, where the expression of chitinase I was significantly higher—Pinot Blanc and Savignon Blanc. By comparing the varieties between the lowest and highest expression fold change, they were statistically different in the level of its chitinase I gene expression. Grape pomace extracts of analyzed Vitis vinifera L. were effective against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and yeasts, but a weak correlation tendency was found between chitinase I gene expression and antimicrobial activity, only against Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus, Candida albicans, and Candida glabrata.

scholarly journals Impact of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on the chemical composition, bioactive properties, and cytotoxicity of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Syrah grape pomace extract

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1856-1869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana R. Costa ◽  
Manuela Amorim ◽  
Ana Vilas-Boas ◽  
Renata V. Tonon ◽  
Lourdes M. C. Cabral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Gastrointestinal Digestion ◽  
Gastrointestinal Health ◽  
Bioactive Properties

Grape pomace (GP) is a major byproduct worldwide, and it is well known for its bioactive compounds, such as fibers and phenolic compounds, that are popular for their impact upon human health, including in gastrointestinal health.

scholarly journals Cis- and trans-repression of class I major histocompatibility gene expression in Abelson virus-transformed murine leukemia

Blood ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 524-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Zeff ◽  
YF Zhao ◽  
R Tatake ◽  
H Lachman ◽  
F Borriello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Mhc Class I ◽  
Leukemic Cell ◽  
Class I ◽  
Leukemic Cell Line ◽  
Cis And Trans ◽  
I Gene ◽  
Murine Leukemia ◽  
Mhc Class I Gene

Abstract Numerous tumor cell lines of leukemic origin are known to modulate cell surface expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigens resulting in alterations in their immune detection and tumorigenicity. We have been studying the mechanisms responsible for attenuation of MHC class I gene expression in an H-2 heterozygous (H-2b x H-2d) Abelson-Murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV)-transformed leukemic cell line (designated R8). Here we report that treatment of the R8 cell line with the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (CHX) increased H-2Kb steady-state messenger RNA (mRNA) levels several fold. The induced H-2Kb mRNA transcripts were functional, as demonstrated by their ability to be translated into immunoprecipitable H-2Kb alloantigen. H-2Kb null variants derived from the R8 cell line were shown to be the product of both cis- and trans-acting mechanisms, insomuch as the treatment of R8-derived H-2Kb non-expressor lines with CHX re-established expression of H-2Kb mRNA to the same extent as transfection of the variant cell line with the wild-type H-2Kb gene. Such findings indicate that downregulation of MHC class I gene expression is constitutive for the R8 leukemic cell line, a phenomenon that may be related to the immature pre-B-cell phenotype of this A-MuLV transformant.

scholarly journals Factors affecting in vitro cultivation of grape (Vitis vinifera L.): a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fikadu Kumsa
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Grape Varieties

Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is globally cultivated as commercial fruit crop usually used for fruit purpose or industrial product. The objective of the current review is to review and identify the research gap on the effect of different growth media and vitrification on shooting and rooting performance of grape. Factors affecting rooting of grape cuttings can be internal or external factors. Currently, grapevines are very sensitive to disease in the conventional method of propagation. Even if tissue culture is recommended for healthy propagation of the grape varieties, still factors affecting the growth of the plant verifications were reported. This, review paper progressively revised for the existing factors and possible solutions during in vitro propagation of grapevines. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 10(1): 1-5, June 2020

The molecular regulation of stilbene phytoalexin biosynthesis in Vitis vinifera during grape berry development

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Bais ◽  
Peter J. Murphy ◽  
Ian B. Dry
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Stilbene Synthase ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Molecular Regulation ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Uv Treatment ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Uv Induction ◽  
Phytoalexin Biosynthesis

The molecular regulation of stilbene phytoalexin biosynthesis in developing Vitis vinifera L. grape berries was investigated using a UV induction system. Berries were collected at 1, 5, 10 and 16 weeks post-flowering from the cultivars Shiraz, Semillon, Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay and the skins analysed for resveratrol production following irradiation with UV-C light. The rate and maximal level of resveratrol accumulation increased markedly in berries sampled from 1–5 weeks post-flowering and then dramatically declined in maturing berries sampled from 10–16 weeks post-flowering in all cultivars. In berries sampled at 1 and 5 weeks post-flowering, maximal levels of resveratrol accumulation were recorded at incubation periods of 24 and 48 h respectively whereas maximal resveratrol levels were not recorded in week 16 berry skins until 72 h after UV-treatment. Gene expression analysis indicated that stilbene synthase (STS) mRNA accumulated within 4–8 h of UV treatment in berries sampled at 1 and 5 weeks post-flowering, but did not increase in week 16 berries until 24–48 h following UV-irradiation. Furthermore, the overall level of STS gene expression declined in berries sampled 10–16 weeks post-flowering. The results demonstrate that inducible stilbene accumulation in ripening grape berries is highly regulated at the level of STS gene transcription. This decline in inducible STS gene expression may be a major factor contributing to the increased susceptibility of ripening grape berries to Botrytis cinerea infection.

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