Children's Vision Screening: A Primary Health Care Controversy

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merri Paech ◽  
Helen Calabretto
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Registered Nurses ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Professional Interest ◽  
Visual Skills ◽  
Disciplinary History ◽  
Future Research Directions

Registered nurses around Australia are presently involved in screening processes which assess children's vision. The issue of how best to do this screening has a complex and lengthy multi-disciplinary history, with different views expressed in the literature by optometrists, ophthalmologists, psychologists and teachers. Research in Australia has demonstrated that as many as 4 out of 10 children may not automatically develop the efficient binocular visual skills necessary for ease of learning. These visual skills have become the specific professional interest of Behavioural (Developmental) optometrists and current child screening techniques are possibly out-dated given today's optometrical knowledge. This controversial issue is explained and future research directions for registered nurses and other primary health care practitioners are suggested.

scholarly journals FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE SELECTION OF LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES FOR STUDENT NURSES IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lita ◽  
U. Alberts ◽  
A. Van Dyk ◽  
L F Small
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Registered Nurses ◽  
Student Nurses ◽  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Selection Of

T he researcher, being a nursing lecturer, questioned the method of selection of learning opportunities for student nurses in two training hospitals in the Northern part of Namibia.The study therefore focused on the following objective: To identify the factors that influence the selection of learning opportunities for primary health care in hospital units. A qualitative research design utilising focus group discussions were used. The population consisted of conveniently selected lecturers, student nurses and registered nurses. The same initial question was asked in each focus group to initiate the discussions. The data were analysed according to Tesch's method.The results indicated that there is positive commitment from the lecturers and registered nurses to be involved in selecting appropriate learning opportunities. The student nurses also demonstrated a willingness to learn and to be exposed to learning opportunities in primary health care. There were however certain constraints that emerged as themes, namely: • Managerial constraints • Educational constraints Under the theme "managerial constraints" categories such as workload, nursing staff shortages and communication problems were identified. Under the theme "educational constraints" categories such as a lack of guidance, and the correlation of theory and practice emerged.Recommendations based on this research report include improvement of in-service education on managerial and educational aspects to facilitate the primary health care approach in hospitals.

scholarly journals Conceptual framework for the formulation of strategies to support registered nurses in their utilisation of the nursing process when executing their roles and functions in local-level Primary health care (PHC) practicein Namibia

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Hermine Iita ◽  
Scholastika Iipinge ◽  
Agnes Van Dyk
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Registered Nurses ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Nursing Process ◽  
Health Care Practice ◽  
Primary Health

<p>This paper describes the conceptual framework upon which the development of strategies to support use of the nursing process by registered nurses in local-level Primary health care practice in Namibia was based. The conceptual framework was developed based on the findings of phase 1 of this study, which was a situational analysis to explore and describe the use of the Nursing Process by registered nurses in local level primary health care practice in Namibia and to identify constraints that registered nurses in local level Primary health care practice face as they implement the nursing process in their daily practice. The study was conducted in four phases namely as follow: Phase1: Needs assessment quantitative survey; Phase 2: Conceptualisation of findings from phase 1; Phase 3: Development of strategies to support the roles and functions of the registered nurse in local level PHC and Phase 4: Validation of these strategies. This article focusses on Phase 2: Conceptualisation of findings from phase 1 and it describes objectives 4 of the study namely, to develop a conceptual framework on which to base the formulation of relevant strategies.</p><p>From phase 1 which focused on needs assessment, findings indicate that registered nurses in local level Primary health care practice in Namibia fulfill most of their expected role functions. However, five main problem areas were identified. The challenges identified were categorised according to the five elements of PHC and management, namely, water and sanitation and related environmental health issues; nutrition and food supply; health education and communication; community diagnosis and care; and management support or administration, including research.</p><p>It was concluded that strategies needed to be developed to support registered nurses in their daily local Primary health care practice.</p><p>The development of the conceptual framework, which guided the development of strategies to support registered nurses use the nursing process in local level Primary health care practice, makes this study an original contribution to the body on knowledge.</p>

scholarly journals The integration of the rehabilitation of psychiatric patients into the Primary Health Care System

Curationis ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
N.E. Sokhela ◽  
L.R. Uys
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Registered Nurses ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Health Care Service ◽  
Primary Health Care System ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Family Setting ◽  
Record Review

This study done in rural and semi-urban clinics examined the ability of primary health care nurses in providing rehabilitation of psychiatric patients in the Primary Health Care service. The objectives of the study were to train and evaluate registered nurses’ ability to implement rehabilitation to psychiatric patients in the community. Registered nurses were trained over a period of 10 days. Each client who visited the clinic had a rehabilitation plan drawn with the client and family. Families participated in the training of clients while nurses were trained to identify target symptoms, draw a plan to be followed by the client and his family, set rehabilitation goals and the steps to achieve the goals. The project was implemented over a period of 12 months. Records were then reviewed 1 year after implementation and at 18 months to determine the performance of nurses. Evaluation was done per clinic. Each clinic was evaluated and differences were found and where performance was poor, re-education was done. Each clinic was seen as a case. A record review was done to determine the level of rehabilitation based on the following: - identification of target symptoms - plan for the patient - plan for the family - setting of rehabilitation goals - steps to achieve goals - level of vocational rehabilitation

scholarly journals Constraints that registered nurses in Namibia are faced with when utilising the nursing process in local-level Primary health care practice

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Hermine Iita ◽  
Scholastika Iipinge ◽  
Agnes Van Dyk
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Registered Nurses ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Nursing Process ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
And Function ◽  
Role And Function

<p>The purpose of this study was twofold. Firstly to explore and describe the utilization of the Nursing Process by registered nurses in local level Primary health care practice in Namibia with regard to Primary health care delivery during their daily practices and secondly, to develop strategies that would support registered nurses in executing their role and function in this regard. These were prompted by the implementation of a Primary health care approach to health care delivery in the country. The objectives of the study were:</p><ul><li>To Explore and describe the way in which registered nurses in clinics, health care centres and outreach posts in the health districts use the nursing process as regards PHC delivery;</li><li> To determine how supervisors perceive the utilisation of the nursing process by registered nurses with regard to PHC;</li><li>To identify the constraints that registered nurses are faced with when utilising the nursing process with regard to the delivery of PHC;</li><li>To develop a conceptual framework on which to base the formulation of relevant strategies,</li><li>To incorporate the findings of this study into the development of strategies to support registered nurses in their utilisation of the nursing process with regard to the delivery of PHC;</li><li>To validate the appropriateness of these strategies.</li></ul><p>A multi- phase, quantitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual design was selected to provide a picture of how registered nurses fulfill their role and function concerning Primary health care (PHC) during their daily practices.</p><p>The population consisted of two groups. The first group consisted of 239 registered nurses working in Clinics, health Centres and in Outreach Programmes. The second group consisted of 39 registered nurses supervisors, who supervised the registered nurses in these facilities. A survey was used to gather the data through self-report (questionnaire). Two questionnaires were developed, one for registered nurses and the other for immediate supervisors. Quantitative, descriptive analysis was used to summarize and organize data using tables and figures as well as t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA), where applicable. Five main areas where registered nurses needed support in execution of their roles and functions were revealed from the results. The areas were: Water and sanitation and other environmental health issues; health education and communication including outreach activities; Nutrition and food supply; Community diagnosis and care and Management support or administrative functions in Primary health Care, including research and education of health workers including fellow registered nurses.</p><p>This paper discusses the constraints that registered nurses in Namibia face when they use the nursing process in local Primary health care facilities.</p>

scholarly journals “Standing on common ground” - a qualitative study of self-management support for patients with multimorbidity in primary health care

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Freilich ◽  
Gunnar Nilsson ◽  
Mirjam Ekstedt ◽  
Maria Flink
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Registered Nurses ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Primary Health

Abstract Background: Multimorbidity, the co-existence of two or more chronic conditions in an individual, is present in most patients over 65 years. Primary health care (PHC) is uniquely positioned to provide the holistic and continual care recommended for this group of patients, including support for self-management. The aim of this study was to explore professionals’, patients’, and family caregivers’ perspectives on how PHC professionals should support self-management in patients with multimorbidity. This study also includes experiences of using telemedicine to support self-management.Methods: A mixed qualitative method was used to explore regular self-management support and telemedicine as a tool to support self-management. A total of 42 participants (20 physicians, 3 registered nurses, 12 patients, and 7 family caregivers) were interviewed using focus group interviews (PHC professionals), pair interviews (patients and family caregivers), and individual interviews (registered nurses, patients, and family caregivers). The study was performed in urban areas in central Sweden and rural areas in southern Sweden between April 2018 and October 2019. Data were analyzed using content analysis.Results: The main theme that emerged was “Standing on common ground enables individualized support.” To achieve such support, professionals needed to understand their own views on who bears the primary responsibility for patients’ self-management, as well as patients’ self-management abilities, needs, and perspectives. Personal continuity and trustful relationships facilitated this understanding. The findings also indicated that professionals should be accessible for patients with multimorbidity, function as knowledge translators (help patients understand their symptoms and how the symptoms correlated with diseases), and coordinate between levels of care. Telemedicine supported continual monitoring and facilitated patient access to PHC professionals.Conclusion: Through personal continuity and patient-centered consultations, professionals could collaborate with patients to individualize self-management support. For some patients, this means that PHC professionals are in control and monitor symptoms. For others, PHC professionals play a less controlling role, empowering patients’ self-management. Development and improvement of eHealth tools for patients with multimorbidity should focus on improving the ability to set mutual goals, strengthening patients’ inner motivation, and including multiple caregivers to enhance information-sharing and care coordination.

scholarly journals Readers’ perceptions of the Journal of Emergency Primary Health Care: A cross-sectional study

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhona Macdonald ◽  
Malcolm Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Editorial Team ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Professional Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Management Committee ◽  
Primary Health

IntroductionThe Journal of Emergency Primary Health Care (JEPHC) is a subscription free, peerreviewed online publication, intended to promote the publication of emergency primary health care research covering original studies, editorials and reviews. Data collected from annual surveys have been utilised since 2003 to provide the journal’s Editorial Team and Management Committee with readers’ preferences and perceptions of the journal in relation to planning and development of quality standards and content appropriate to the journal’s readership. This study provides a comparative analysis of survey results from the 2004 and 2006 surveys. The objective of this study was to provide the journal’s Editorial Team and Management Committee with results from the survey to assist future planning.MethodsA cross-sectional methodology based on data collected from questionnaire surveys utilised in 2004 and 2006, was used to solicit the views and content requirements of visitors to JEPHC. Data collected from all survey responses (n=100 in 2006 and n=44 in 2004) was intended to provide a snapshot of the journal’s readership in relation to professional status, content preferences and usefulness of editorial standards as means of supporting research needs, and encouraging future research content. As this article evaluates and reports the results of a quality audit, ethics approval was not required.ResultsThe majority of respondents from both surveys were identified mainly as paramedics, while remaining respondents represented a cross section of other health professionals, educators and researchers. Reasons given by most respondents for visiting JEPHC were to locate peerreviewed articles and case histories relevant to clinical practice. Most respondents rated JEPHC equally with other peer-reviewed journals. The majority of respondents (86%) indicated that they would consider writing for the journal, while 50% of those who indicated that they would not, expressed a lack of skills, motivation or knowledge as being the main reasons. Less than 50% of respondents in the 2006 survey indicated that they knew about the Journal Impact Factor or its usefulness to research.ConclusionAs the majority of respondents in both surveys were identified mainly as paramedics, results from the study cannot be generalised to the wider population of emergency primary health care professionals. The large difference in sample sizes between the 2004 and 2006 surveys renders inferential statistics relating to quality, as problematic. Identification and consistency of content that is of most interest to readers is evident in both surveys. However, to more accurately determine relevance and quality of content, and the significance of publishing standards which are representative of the journal’s wider readership, modification of the survey design and/or setting may be required to attract a higher response rate in future surveys.

scholarly journals “Standing on common ground” - a qualitative study of self-management support for patients with multimorbidity in primary health care

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Freilich ◽  
Gunnar H. Nilsson ◽  
Mirjam Ekstedt ◽  
Maria Flink
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Registered Nurses ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Primary Health

Abstract Background Multimorbidity, the co-existence of two or more chronic conditions in an individual, is present in most patients over 65 years. Primary health care (PHC) is uniquely positioned to provide the holistic and continual care recommended for this group of patients, including support for self-management. The aim of this study was to explore professionals’, patients’, and family caregivers’ perspectives on how PHC professionals should support self-management in patients with multimorbidity. This study also includes experiences of using telemedicine to support self-management. Methods A mixed qualitative method was used to explore regular self-management support and telemedicine as a tool to support self-management. A total of 42 participants (20 physicians, 3 registered nurses, 12 patients, and 7 family caregivers) were interviewed using focus group interviews (PHC professionals), pair interviews (patients and family caregivers), and individual interviews (registered nurses, patients, and family caregivers). The study was performed in urban areas in central Sweden and rural areas in southern Sweden between April 2018 and October 2019. Data were analyzed using content analysis. Results The main theme that emerged was “Standing on common ground enables individualized support.” To achieve such support, professionals needed to understand their own views on who bears the primary responsibility for patients’ self-management, as well as patients’ self-management abilities, needs, and perspectives. Personal continuity and trustful relationships facilitated this understanding. The findings also indicated that professionals should be accessible for patients with multimorbidity, function as knowledge translators (help patients understand their symptoms and how the symptoms correlated with diseases), and coordinate between levels of care. Telemedicine supported continual monitoring and facilitated patient access to PHC professionals. Conclusion Through personal continuity and patient-centered consultations, professionals could collaborate with patients to individualize self-management support. For some patients, this means that PHC professionals are in control and monitor symptoms. For others, PHC professionals play a less controlling role, empowering patients’ self-management. Development and improvement of eHealth tools for patients with multimorbidity should focus on improving the ability to set mutual goals, strengthening patients’ inner motivation, and including multiple caregivers to enhance information-sharing and care coordination.

Capacity Management in Health Care Services: Review and Future Research Directions

1988 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 889-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicki L. Smith-Daniels ◽  
Sharon B. Schweikhart ◽  
Dwight E. Smith-Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Capacity Management ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Future Research Directions

Information technology and knowledge sharing for better health care: an emerging economy context

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lejla Turulja ◽  
Merima Cinjarevic ◽  
Ljiljan Veselinovic
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Information And Communication

Purpose The present study aims to explore “what” type of knowledge is shared, “how” it is shared and what information and communication tools are used to share knowledge among health-care professionals in the context of emerging “digital laggard” country in the South-Eastern European region (i.e. Bosnia and Herzegovina [B&H]). Design/methodology/approach This study applies the qualitative research methodology and thematic analysis for collecting, analysing and interpreting data. Primary data is collected using semi-structured interviews (n = 9). Key informants are employees of the main primary health-care institution in the capital of B&H. Findings The results indicate that knowledge sharing among primary health-care practitioners is the interplay of formal and informal exchange of knowledge, facilitated by both traditional communication media (face-to-face interaction) and ICT-based tools. In regards to ICT tools, our findings suggest that instant messing applications (predominantly Viber) are viewed as common media for sharing tacit knowledge within a community of practice. Research limitations/implications This study is limited to one emerging digital laggard country; thus, future research regarding ICT-based knowledge sharing in other emerging digital laggard countries is welcomed. Originality/value In the context of “digital laggard”, societies, informal, spontaneous and dynamic system of social interactions can be a successful substitute for ICT-based formalised and structured system of knowledge sharing.

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