Changes in lysosomal enzymes and mannose-6-phosphate receptors related to sexual maturation in bull epididymis

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1608
Author(s):  
Andrea C. Aguilera ◽  
Lorena Carvelli ◽  
Verónica Boschin ◽  
Fabián Mohamed ◽  
Leila Zyla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Lysosomal Enzymes ◽  
Sperm Maturation ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Mannose 6 Phosphate ◽  
Sexually Mature

One of the most striking features of the mammalian epididymis is the secretion of lysosomal enzymes (LE). These LE may play a role in sperm maturation. In the present study we investigated the activity and distribution of four LE (β-galactosidase (β-Gal), N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (β-NAG), α-mannosidase (α-Man) and β-glucuronidase (β-Glu)) in bull epididymis at two different ages (6 months and 4 years) to determine whether these enzymes vary with sexual maturity. In young, sexually immature (SI) bulls we found high LE activity in the epididymal tissue that accounts for a developed and active lysosomal apparatus. In contrast, low LE activity was measured in sexually mature (SM) bulls, and β-NAG and β-Gal were mostly secreted into the lumen. We also attempted to correlate LE distribution with the expression and functionality of mannose-6-phosphate receptors (MPRs), which are thought to be involved in proper delivery of LE to lysosomes. The cation-dependent MPR was highly expressed in SI bulls, with expression decreasing during adulthood, whereas the expression of the cation-independent MPR was higher in SM than SI bulls. In addition, the four enzymes recovered from the epididymal lumen interact with both MPRs at each age. We conclude that the activity and distribution of LE in bull epididymis varies with sexual maturity and that the distribution is regulated differently by the two types of MPR. These findings could provide some molecular basis for male infertility.

Exteroceptive Factors, Sexual Maturation and Reproduction in the Female Rat

1979 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Norris ◽  
C. E. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Mature Male ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Vaginal Opening ◽  
Sexually Mature

Summary Keeping a sexually mature male with a weanling female rat advanced neither the time of vaginal opening nor that of 1st oestrus. In 2 of 3 experiments females kept singly after weaning reached sexual maturity significantly earlier than did grouped females. The reproductive performance of females mated at 1st oestrus was not significantly different from that of older primiparae. 26 rats gave birth to an average of 9·3 young at 59·5 days of age, and 22 of them reared 96% of the young to weaning.

Integrated analysis of sexual maturation through successive growth instars in the spider crab Leurocyclus tuberculosus (Decapoda: Majoidea)

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (7) ◽  
pp. 473-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ximena González-Pisani ◽  
Pedro J. Barón ◽  
Laura S. López Greco
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Carapace Width ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Spider Crab ◽  
Size At Maturity ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
The Right ◽  
Sexually Mature

An integrative analysis of sexual maturity associated with growth was developed for the spider crab Leurocyclus tuberculosus (H. Milne Edwards and Lucas, 1842). Sexual maturity was characterized based on gonadal, morphological, morphometric, and functional sexual maturity. Progress in sexual maturation was described through 13 growth stages (instars) detected by the examination of size (carapace width) frequency distributions. Mature females displayed mature ovaries, developed vaginae, open gonopores, allometric changes in the abdomen, and ovigerous stage in the transition from instar IX to instar X. Sexually mature males presented spermatophores in the distal vasa deferentia and allometric changes in several measurements of the right chela in the transition from instar X to instar XI. However, two prepubertal phases were recognized in both sexes separated from each other by a prepubertal critical molt. Preceding the second critical molt, gonopores were sealed and vasa deferentia showed no spermatophores, and therefore neither sex was able to mate. The integrated analysis of size at maturity and size frequency distributions showed that in both sexes molt to gonadal, morphological, morphometric, and functional sexual maturity occurred in advance of the terminal molt, in contrast with patterns observed in other Majoidea.

FACTORS INFLUENCING SEXUAL MATURATION, PUBERTY AND REPRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY IN THE GILT

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. DYCK
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Easy Method ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Management Procedures ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Many ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Sexually Mature

Sexual development of the gilt involves the three distinct phases of sexual maturation, attainment of puberty, and pregnancy. Our knowledge of sexual maturation is at the stage of understanding the process, while puberty and pregnancy are at the stage of manipulation to improve efficiency. The developmental changes associated with sexual maturation are indicative of an orderly sequence of hormonal and anatomical changes that lead to puberty. This process is completed at an average age of 140 d (range > 80 d) and is followed by a "resting" period to the time of puberty. The reasons for variability in the rate of development are unknown and there is no easy method of determining when a gilt is sexually mature. In contrast, puberty is easily defined and occurs an average of 60 d after "completion" of prepubertal development (age range > 100 d). While it is not possible to substantially reduce age at puberty except by selection, puberty can be delayed by dietary intake restriction and by confinement housing (no movement or exposure to mature boars). When gilts are moved and exposed to mature boars, they will be in estrus in a short period of time provided that they have attained sexual maturity. Attempts to induce puberty with hormone injections at a younger age have not been effective because of the variability in age at sexual maturity. Research on the many facets of pregnancy has resulted in development of nutritional and mating management procedures to maximize ovulation rate, pregnancy rate and conception rate. However, there has been little change in litter size at birth, suggesting that the size of the uterus may ultimately limit litter size. Survival of the piglets born can be substantially improved by assisting the gilt during parturition and careiully managing the gilt and litter during lactation. The efficiency of management has been greatly increased by the use of prostaglandin analogues to control the time of parturition. Key words: Gilts, sexual maturation, puberty, litter size

Identification of differentially expressed genes in ovaries of chicken attaining sexual maturity at different ages

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 3037-3045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Kang ◽  
Yujie Zhang ◽  
Ningbo Zhang ◽  
Li Zang ◽  
Meng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Different Ages

scholarly journals Castration causes an increase in lysosomal size and upregulation of cathepsin D expression in principal cells along with increased secretion of procathepsin D and prosaposin oligomers in adult rat epididymis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250454
Author(s):  
Lorena Carvelli ◽  
Andrea Carolina Aguilera ◽  
Leila Zyla ◽  
Laura Lucía Pereyra ◽  
Carlos R. Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Complex Formation ◽  
Cathepsin D ◽  
Initial Segment ◽  
Lysosomal Enzymes ◽  
Sperm Maturation ◽  
Principal Cells ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Rat Epididymis ◽  
Lysosomal Proteins

In the epididymis, lysosomal proteins of the epithelial cells are normally targeted from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes for degradation, although their secretion into the epididymal lumen has been documented and associated with sperm maturation. In this study, cathepsin D (CatD) and prosaposin (PSAP) were examined in adult epididymis of control, and 2-day castrated rats without (Ct) and with testosterone replacement (Ct+T) to evaluate their expression and regulation within epididymal epithelial cells. By light microscope-immunocytochemistry, a quantitative increase in size of lysosomes in principal cells of Ct animals was noted from the distal initial segment to the proximal cauda. Androgen replacement did not restore the size of lysosomes to control levels. Western blot analysis revealed a significant increase in CatD expression in the epididymis of Ct animals, which suggested an upregulation of its expression in principal cells; androgens restored levels of CatD to that of controls. In contrast, PSAP expression in Ct animals was not altered from controls. Additionally, an increase in procathepsin D levels was noted from samples of the epididymal fluid of Ct compared to control animals, accompanied by an increased complex formation with PSAP. Moreover, an increased oligomerization of prosaposin was observed in the epididymal lumen of Ct rats, with changes reverted to controls in Ct+T animals. Taken together these data suggest castration causes an increased uptake of substrates that are acted upon by CatD in lysosomes of principal cells and in the lumen by procathepsin D. These substrates may be derived from apoptotic cells noted in the lumen of proximal regions and possibly by degenerating sperm in distal regions of the epididymis of Ct animals. Exploring the mechanisms by which lysosomal enzymes are synthesized and secreted by the epididymis may help resolve some of the issues originating from epididymal dysfunctions with relevance to sperm maturation.

Variation III: Social Environment and Epigenetics

Mate Choice ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gil G. Rosenthal
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Epigenetic Modifications ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Mating Preferences ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Sexually Mature

This chapter focuses on social interactions, in the broadest sense, as sources of variation in mate choice and mating preferences. These interactions can be divided into three categories corresponding to when they are specified and which individuals are involved. The first includes effects that are determined before birth and transmitted vertically from parents: epigenetic modifications to the genome and the fetal or embryonic environment. The second includes influences between birth and sexual maturity, when the phenotypes of parents and/or other sexually mature, older individuals (oblique transmission) direct the development of preferences in choosers. Experience with courters and choosers after sexual maturity, or experience with other juveniles that shapes subsequent preferences, constitutes peer (horizontal) transmission.

scholarly journals Mannose 6-phosphate receptor dependent secretion of lysosomal enzymes.

1990 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 3507-3513 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Chao ◽  
A. Waheed ◽  
R. Pohlmann ◽  
A. Hille ◽  
K. von Figura
Keyword(s):  
Lysosomal Enzymes ◽  
Mannose 6 Phosphate

Biosynthesis and secretion of the mannose 6-phosphate receptor and its ligands in polarized Caco-2 cells

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (3) ◽  
pp. G506-G514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra A. Wick ◽  
Bellur Seetharam ◽  
Nancy M. Dahms
Keyword(s):  
Lysosomal Enzymes ◽  
Colon Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Brefeldin A ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Adenocarcinoma Cell Line ◽  
Cell Lysate ◽  
Factor Ii ◽  
Specific Antisera ◽  
Mannose 6 Phosphate ◽  
Human Colon Adenocarcinoma

We have analyzed the transport of newly synthesized mannose 6-phosphate (Man-6- P)-bearing proteins (i.e., lysosomal enzymes) in the polarized human colon adenocarcinoma cell line, Caco-2, by subjecting filter-grown cells to a pulse-chase labeling protocol using [35S]methionine, and the resulting cell lysate, apical medium, and basolateral medium were immunoprecipitated with insulin-like growth factor II/Man-6- P receptor (IGF-II/MPR)-specific antisera. The results showed that the majority of secreted lysosomal enzymes accumulated in the apical medium at >2 h of chase and that this polarized distribution was facilitated by the IGF-II/MPR selectively endocytosing lysosomal enzymes from the basolateral surface. Treatment with various agents known to affect vesicular transport events demonstrated that incubations at 16°C or incubations with brefeldin A inhibited the secretion of lysosomal enzymes from both the apical and basolateral surface, whereas treatment with nocodazole selectively blocked apical secretion. In contrast, incubation with NH4Cl or nocodazole had a stimulatory effect on basolateral secretion. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the sorting of Man-6- P-containing proteins into the apical and basolateral secretory pathways is regulated by distinct components of the intracellular trafficking machinery.

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