128 CULTURE CONDITIONS AFFECT THE SEX RATIO OF IN VITRO PRODUCED BOVINE EMBRYOS

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 211
Author(s):  
M. De Blasi ◽  
M. Rubessa ◽  
G. Zullo ◽  
L. Boccia ◽  
V. Longobardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Trisodium Citrate ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Bovine Embryo ◽  
Bovine Embryos ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Most systems for producing bovine embryos in vitro use glucose as an energy source despite putative toxic effects. Glucose has a selective embryotoxicity towards female embryos, due to the higher expression of the X-linked glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase gene (Kimura et al. 2005 Mol. Reprod. Dev. 72, 201–207). Recently, the replacement of glucose with citrate and myo-inositol in SOF medium supplemented with 5% bovine serum (BS) increased the percentage of female embryos (Rubessa et al. 2011 Theriogenology 76, 1347–1355). Serum also affects the sex ratio of in vitro-produced (IVP) bovine embryos, favoring the male gender (Gutierrez-Adan et al. 2001 Theriogenology 55, 1117–1126). The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of glucose replacement with myo-inositol during in vitro culture, in the presence of either BS or BSA, on bovine embryo sex ratio. Abattoir-derived oocytes (n = 1164, over 4 replicates) were matured and fertilized in vitro as previously described (Rubessa et al. 2011). After 20 to 22 h of gametes co-incubation, zygotes were denuded and cultured for 7 days in SOF with: group A) 0.34 mM trisodium citrate + 2.77 mM myo-inositol + 5% BS (n = 287); group B) 0.34 mM tri-sodium citrate + 2.77 mM myo-inositol + 8 mg mL–1 BSA(n = 290); group C) 1.5 mM glucose + 5% BS (n = 302) and group D) 1.5 mM glucose + 8 mg mL–1 BSA (n = 285). Representative samples of blastocysts produced in each group (n = 96, 58, 99, and 70, respectively in groups A, B, C, and D) were sexed by PCR as previously described (Rubessa et al. 2011). Differences among groups in blastocyst yields were analyzed by ANOVA. The percentages of female embryos were analyzed by chi-square test. Blastocyst rates in group C were lower (28.1%) than those recorded in groups A, B, and D (35.9, 41.0 and 36.1%, respectively; P < 0.01). A higher (P < 0.05) percentage of female embryos was observed in group A (61.5%) compared to group C (45.5%), with intermediate values in groups B (51.7%) and D (60.0%). Therefore, the replacement of glucose with citrate and myo-inositol favored the development of female embryos in the presence of BS but was ineffective in the presence of BSA. Furthermore, when glucose was the energy source, a tendency to greater incidence of female embryos was observed when the medium was supplemented with BSA rather than BS (P = 0.06). As a small amount of glucose is present in the BS, we hypothesize an additional glucose-dependent toxic effect on female embryos in group C. However, we cannot rule out that other factors present in the BS may interact with the energy source, playing a role in determining the sex ratio. Furthermore, the shift in sex ratio in favor of males or females embryo can be due to a better development of embryo of one sex, or to the delayed development or degeneration of embryos of the other sex. In conclusion, these results suggest that manipulating the metabolic profile of the embryos during culture may have an impact on both blastocyst production and sex ratio.

258 FACTORS AFFECTING COMMERCIAL SEXING PROGRAM AND MULTIPLE GENETIC ANALYSIS PERSPECTIVES OF IN VITRO-PRODUCED BOVINE EMBRYOS

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
R. V. Alonso ◽  
J. A. A. Hellú ◽  
S. H. V. Perri ◽  
J. A. Visintin ◽  
J. F. Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Bovine Embryo ◽  
Bovine Embryos ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Embryo Stage

The present study aimed to evaluate the interactions among different factors on the viability and sex ratio of in vitro-produced (IVP) bovine embryos, submitted to a large scale sexing program. Additionally, whole genome amplification (WGA) technology was used to amplify genomic DNA from IVP bovine embryo biopsies, in order to perform multiple genetic analyses. The survey was performed in a 4650 IVP bovine sexed embryo database. Embryos were biopsied by a microaspiration technique and sex was determined by PCR of DNA from the biopsy. Only female embryos were transferred to synchronized recipients. Pregnancy diagnosis and fetal sex determination were carried out by ultrasound. The variables were classified in accordance with embryo sex (male, female, and indeterminate), five laboratories (A, B, C, D, and E), six bovine breeds (Nellore, Brahman, Girolando, Simmental, Holstein, and Jersey), embryo stage (MO, EB, BL, XB, and HB), embryo quality (1, 2, and 3) and biopsy quality (“standard” and “nonstandard”). The statistical analysis was carried out by association chi-square test, chi-square for a 1:1 ratio, and logistic regression analysis (PROC LOGISTIC) of SAS. PCR showed 93.3% efficiency, 93.2% accuracy, and male and female rates of 52.9% and 47.1%, respectively. Mortality rate of biopsied embryos was 10.3% and pregnancy rate was 31.7%. Significant differences were not observed between male and female viability, although indeterminate embryos resulted in more death after micromanipulation. For quality 2 and 3 embryos, the mortality rate after biopsy was 3.19 and 11.37 fold higher, respectively, than for quality 1 embryos. For embryos whose biopsies were classified as nonstandard, the embryonic mortality rate was 3.6-fold higher than standard ones. Mortality rate was not affected by embryo stage at biopsy (P > 0.05). Although sex ratio was significantly skewed to male embryos, differences were not observed among laboratories (P > 0.05) and breeds (P > 0.05) on the sex ratio of IVP bovine embryos. To test the feasibility of using WGA method for multiple genetic analysis, biopsies from 28 IVP embryos were submitted to the GenomePlex Single Cell System (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). Aliquots from each DNA sample were purified using column chromatography and submitted to PCR using sexing primers BRY4a, SRY, UMN0920, and S4B. PCR was successful and in agreement among tested DNA aliquots from each single biopsy. The WGA strategy used herein was a useful tool for applications involving restricted amounts of starting genetic material (DNA), such as in preimplantation genetic diagnosis using IVP bovine embryos. To FAPESP and UNESP.

147 Pre-incubation of bovine sperm used for IVF accelerates the developmental kinetics of the resulting embryos and possibly their sex ratio

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
F. Kotarski ◽  
B. Zimmer ◽  
C. Wrenzycki
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Developmental Capacity ◽  
Developmental Rates ◽  
Group A ◽  
Disproportionate Number ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Individual

The sex ratio of newborn calves and embryos produced in vivo is ~1:1. However, numerous studies on bovine in vitro-produced embryos suggest that the sex ratio may differ from 1:1 and that the rate of development may be influenced by the sex of the embryo under certain culture conditions. The duration of sperm-oocyte interaction and sperm pre-incubation also affect the sex ratio of bovine embryos produced in vitro. It is well documented that in vitro male embryos reach the more advanced stages earlier than do their female counterparts. Selection of developmentally more advanced embryos in anticipation that they have a greater developmental capacity may be one of the underlying causes of the disproportionate number of males among offspring born after transfer of in vitro-produced embryos. The aim of the present study is to test whether a pre-incubation of sperm before IVF might improve the developmental rates and also influence the sex ratio of the resulting embryos. Bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes were recovered from abattoir-derived ovaries by the slicing method. After 24h of maturation, fertilization was realised using a standard protocol. Prior to IVF, sperm cells from 2 different bulls were treated as follows: sperm within group A were pre-incubated in IVF medium for one hour. This step was omitted for sperm in group B (control). After 19h of co-culture of COC and sperm, presumptive zygotes were cultured in SOFaa for a period of 7 days. Cleavage and developmental rates were recorded at Day 3 and 7 (Day 0=IVF). Day 7 blastocysts from all groups were sexed using bovine and Y chromosome-specific primers. Data were analysed by ANOVA. As shown in Table 1, sperm pre-incubation did not affect the cleavage and developmental rates for the individual bull (P&gt;0.05). On average, at Day 7 of development a higher number of blastocysts was determined when embryos had been produced from pre-incubated sperm (P ≤ 0.05). This held true for both bulls. The shift in favour of male embryos was detectable in all groups of embryos, with a drastic one for bull 1 after sperm pre-incubation. In conclusion, sperm pre-incubation accelerated embryo development and possibly enhanced the proportion of male embryos, which was already shifted toward males. Table 1.Developmental rates, developmental kinetics and sex ratio of embryos after sperm pre-incubation before IVF (mean±standard deviation)

284 FERTILIZING CAPACITY OF BUFFALO (BUBALUS BUBALIS) SPERM CO-CULTURED WITH OVIDUCT EPITHELIAL CELLS

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Mariotti ◽  
S. Di Francesco ◽  
M. De Blasi ◽  
C. Siniscalchi ◽  
M. V. Suárez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Penetration Rate ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Cleavage Rate ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Bovine Oocytes

The overall in vitro embryo production efficiency in buffalo is hampered by the poor IVF efficiency. The aim of this work was to evaluate whether the fertilizing ability of buffalo sperm is improved by the presence of bovine oviductal cells (BOEC) during IVF. Because of limited availability of buffalo oocytes, this was assessed by heterologous IVF. Bovine oviducts were obtained at a local abattoir from cows that were in the preovulatory phase of a normal estrous cycle. BOEC recovered from 5 oviducts as previously described (Gualtieri and Talevi 2000 Biol. Reprod. 62, 1754-1762) were pooled and plated in 100 μL drops of TCM-199 + 10% FCS, 100 U mL-1 penicillin, 100 μg mL-1 streptomycin and 0.25 μg mL-1 amphotericin B under mineral oil. Medium was changed every 48 h up to Day 6, when cell confluence and cilia activity were optimal. On day of IVF the medium was removed from the drops and replaced with TALP supplemented with 0.2 mM penicillamine, 0.1 mM hypotaurine, and 0.01 mM heparin (IVF medium). Frozen-thawed sperm from an IVF-tested buffalo bull, treated by Percoll gradients, were used for all IVF groups (2 × 106 sperm mL-1). In vitro-matured bovine oocytes (n = 409), over 3 replicates, were distributed in 4 fertilization groups: (A) IVF medium alone (control); (B) BOEC monolayer + IVF medium; (C) sperm preincubated for 6 h in IVF medium; and (D) sperm preincubated for 6 h with BOEC + IVF medium. After 20 h of coincubation at 38.5°C and 5% CO2 in air, putative zygotes were denuded, washed, and cultured in SOF medium. Forty-eight hours after IVF, cleavage rate was evaluated, and cleaved and uncleaved oocytes were fixed in 60% methanol and stained with DAPI for nuclei examination under fluorescence microscope. Data were analyzed by chi-square test. Although cleavage rate was not different among groups (46.2, 55.8, 50.0, and 50.0% for A, B, C, and D, respectively), the monospermic penetration rate increased (P < 0.01) in group B (79.3%) compared with group A (69.6%), with intermediate values in groups C (75.2%) and D (76.0%). Interestingly, the percentage of advanced embryos (>4 cells) was higher (P < 0.01) in groups C and D (47.9 and 37.1%, respectively) than in group A (12.1%), whereas group B (21.0%) was only different from group C. We demonstrated that the fertilizing capacity of buffalo sperm, evaluated as oocyte penetration rate after heterologous IVF, is enhanced by the presence of BOEC. This suggests that IVF of buffalo oocytes on BOEC monolayer may improve the IVF efficiency in buffalo. The higher incidence of advanced embryos in both groups with preincubated sperm may be accounted for by an earlier accomplishment of capacitation, leading to anticipated oocyte penetration. However, because the penetration rate in these groups was not improved compared with the control, we hypothesize that sperm viability may have decreased and hence that shorter incubation times should be tested in further studies.

22 Vitrification of bovine embryo using antifreeze polyamino acid

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
T. Fujikawa ◽  
Y. Gen ◽  
S.-H. Hyon ◽  
C. Kubota
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Bovine Embryo ◽  
Bovine Embryos ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Polyamino Acid

Carboxylated poly-l-lysine (CPLL) is an ampholytic polymer compound and a polyamino acid with a known functional resemblance to antifreeze proteins. We previously reported that CPLL is an effective cryoprotectant for bovine cells, sperm, and slow-frozen embryos. In this study, we investigated CPLL as a cryoprotectant for vitrified bovine embryos. We developed bovine embryos in vitro and vitrified them at the blastocyst stage. Embryos were equilibrated (3min) and vitrified (1min). Vitrified embryos were cryopreserved in LN (Cryotop® device; Kitazato Corp., Tokyo, Japan) for at least 1 week, thawed with a 0.3M sucrose warming solution, and then cultured in a basal medium (Gibco® medium 199, Grand Island, NY, USA; supplemented with 100µM 2-mercaptoethanol, 10% fetal bovine serum, and antibiotics) at 38.5°C in a humidified atmosphere (5% CO2, 5% O2, 90% N2). We evaluated the embryos morphologically for survival and hatched rate at 0, 24, 48, and 72h post-thawing. In control, the equilibration solution (ES) consisted of 7.5% (vol/vol) dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 7.5% (vol/vol) ethylene glycol, and the vitrification solution (VS) consisted of 16.5% (vol/vol) DMSO and 16.5% (vol/vol) ethylene glycol and 0.5M sucrose. In this study, CPLL was added to ES and VS at various concentrations instead of DMSO. The CPLL was added at 16.5, 11.0, 5.5, and 2.2% (wt/vol) to VS; respectively, these solutions were named P16.5, P11.0, P5.5, and P2.2. The ES was used 45% CPLL of VS each. Embryos underwent the above procedure concurrently, with testing replicated at least 3 times. We evaluated 88, 34, 38, 44, and 28 embryos with each solution (control, P16.5, P11.0, P5.5, and P2.2, respectively). Results were analysed statistically with a chi-square test and residual analysis, regarding P&lt;0.05 as significant. Survival rates were significantly greater in P11.0 at 24h post-thawing (55.7% v. 89.5%; P&lt;0.05) and in P11.0 and P5.5 at 48h post-thawing (47.7% v. 78.9% and 47.7% v. 79.5%, respectively; P&lt;0.05) relative to controls but showed no significant differences at 0h post-thawing. Hatched rates were significantly greater in P11.0 and P5.5 through 72h post-thawing relative to controls (44.7% v. 22.7% and 52.3% v. 22.7%, respectively; P&lt;0.05). The CPLL improved post-thawing embryo survival and hatched rates when applied during vitrification, thus demonstrating cryoprotective effectiveness. We conclude that CPLL acts as a low-toxicity cryoprotectant for vitrified bovine embryos, and our results are consistent with previous reports of protective CPLL effects for cells and cell membranes.

288 KINETICS OF FERTILIZATION, DEVELOPMENT, AND SEX RATIO OF IN VITRO-PRODUCED BOVINE EMBRYOS OBTAINED WITH FOUR DIFFERENT BULLS

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 259 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Alomar ◽  
H. Tasiaux ◽  
S. Remacle ◽  
F. George ◽  
D. Paul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Bovine Embryos ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Kinetics Of

The between-bulls variation in in vitro fertility and the shift of sex ratio toward male embryos are two problems affecting the in vitro production (IVP) of bovine embryos. Our objective was to evaluate the possible correlation between the kinetics of fertilization, embryo development, and the sex ratio of the resulting embryos. In a first experiment, and using frozen-thawed semen of 4 different AI bulls, the kinetics of pronucleus (PN) formation was evaluated at 8, 12, and 18 h post-in vitro insemination (hpi) after fixation and staining with Hoechst 33342. Fertilized oocytes were classified in 3 PN stages: PN1: showing the first signs of sperm head decondensation; PN2: with two pronuclei of different sizes, the two being far from each other; and PN3: showing two symmetric pronuclei of equal size, close to each other. Differences between bulls were observed at each time point, but were greater at 12 hpi than at 8 or 18 hpi. At 8 hpi and 12 hpi, bull C showed a significantly faster PN formation by comparison with the 3 other bulls (chi-square test: P &lt; 0.05), whereas at 18 hpi, the proportion at each of the PN stages was similar to that of bulls A and D, with bull B showing delayed PN development. In a second experiment, a standard IVP procedure was conducted with the 4 bulls to determine cleavage and blastocyst rates. The timing of first cleavage was measured using time-lapse cinematography. Compared with those of bull B, the embryos generated with bull C led to significantly higher Day 7 blastocyst yields (31.3 � 9.5% vs. 21.9 � 6.7%; ANOVA: P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, the embryos from bull C reaching the blastocyst stage cleaved faster (first cleavage at 23.1 � 2.1 hpi vs. 25.4 � 2.7 hpi for bull B; ANOVA: P &lt; 0.05). In a third experiment, 65 to 76 Day 8 blastocysts were sexed per bull. Embryo sexing was performed by PCR using the co-amplification of a Y-specific bovine SRY sequence and an autosomal btRep-137 sequence. Only blastocysts obtained with bull C showed a shift in sex ratio toward male embryos (76.0% male embryos vs. 53.8% for bull B; chi-square test: P &lt; 0.05), whatever the size of the blastocyst. The shift in sex ratio was already present at the 2-cell stage (64.2% male embryos; n = 53; chi-square test: P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, for 2 out of 4 bulls, a correlation was observed between the kinetics of PN formation, the timing of first cleavage, and the sex ratio of the resulting embryos.

scholarly journals In Vitro Fracture Strength of Teeth Restored with Lithium Disilicate Onlays with and without Fiber Post Build-Up

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Mobilio ◽  
Alberto Fasiol ◽  
Francesco Mollica ◽  
Santo Catapano
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Strength ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Lithium Disilicate ◽  
Fiber Post ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

To our knowledge there is no data about the mechanical performance of indirect restoration adhesively cemented on teeth without an adequate build-up to provide the correct geometrical configuration. The aim of this study was to compare the fracture strength of human teeth restored with lithium disilicate onlays, with and without fiber post build-up. Methods: Twenty human mandibular molars were horizontally sectioned and divided into two groups (n = 10). No treatment was applied in group A. Teeth in group B were endodontically treated, built-up using fiber post and composite core and prepared with a circumferential chamfer providing a 1 mm circumferential ferrule. Lithium disilicate onlays were pressed and luted on teeth using dual-curing luting composite. Teeth were tested under static load. Failures were classified as restorable or not restorable. Failure loads were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance. Failure modes were compared using Pearson’s Chi-square tests. Results: The mean fracture loads were 1383.5 N for group A and 1286.3 N for group B. No difference was found (p = 0.6). Ninety per cent of fractures were classified as not restorable in both groups, with no difference (p = 0.8). Conclusions: For teeth restored with adhesive procedures and lithium disilicate onlays, the presence of build-up with fiber post to provide retention and resistance form does not influence the fracture strength.

scholarly journals 165RE-EXPANSION AND QUALITY OF SPLIT BOVINE EMBRYOS IN VITRO

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kesseler ◽  
E. Mahabir ◽  
M. Köster ◽  
M. Gilles ◽  
K. Wimmers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inner Cell Mass ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Bovine Embryos ◽  
Becton Dickinson ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Number Of Cells

Transferring split bovine embryos results in a higher number of calves born per embryo. In addition to generating genetically identical progeny, biopsies can be made for molecular biological analyses. We aimed to determine the effect of splitting ratio on the in vitro development of Day 7 (164 to 168h post insemination) IVP bovine embryos. The inner cell mass (ICM) and trophoblast cells were split in three ratios (50:50, 60:40 and 70:30) with a Beaver microblade (Becton Dickinson, N.J., USA.) fixed to a micromanipulator under an inverse microscope at 100 X (Leica, Bensheim, Germany). Split blastocysts were cultured singly in 50μL drops of CR1aa medium at 39°C under 5% CO2 in a moisture-saturated atmosphere. After 1 and 2h culture, the morphology was assessed by judging the shape of the embryos and re-development of the blastocoel. On Day 8 (after 22h culture), the shape of the blastocysts, development of the ICM, blastocoel, proportion of degenerated cells and embryos and re-expanded blastocysts were recorded. Embryos were stained with propidium iodide and Hoechst 33258 for cell counting. The re-expansion status of Group A (50, 60 and 70%) and B (50, 40 and 30%) embryos after 1 and 2h and their quality after 22h culture (1: excellent=&lt;10% degenerated cells, well-defined ICM; 2: fair=&lt;20% degenerated cells) are shown in Table 1. With regards to Group A split blastocysts, a higher (P&lt;0.05) percentage of embryos that re-expanded after 1 and 2h and which yielded Quality 1 and 2 embryos suitable for embryo transfer was observed with the 60% and 70% than with demi-embryos. There were significant differences (P&lt;0.05) between all split blastocysts in Group B after 1h culture. The 30% split embryos showed the lowest re-expansion rate and quality of embryos after 2h and 22h culture, respectively. No differences (P&lt;0.05) were seen in the ratio of the ICM to the total number of cells in both Group A and B. This study showed that the ratio in which blastocysts were split had a significant effect on re-expansion and quality but not on the number of cells. Table 1

Factor II Related Antigen and Antithrombin III Levels as Indicators of Liver Failure in Consumption Coagulopathy

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (03) ◽  
pp. 218-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Sié ◽  
E Letrenne ◽  
C Caranobe ◽  
M Genestal ◽  
B Cathala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Failure ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Consumption Coagulopathy ◽  
Blood Coagulation Factors ◽  
Factor Ii ◽  
At Iii ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

SummaryIn order to detect impaired synthesis of blood coagulation factors associated to consumption coagulopathy, a simultaneous evaluation of factor II-related antigen (II rAg) and of antithrombin III (AT III) was carried out in 16 patients affected with severe defibrination. An in vitro preliminary study on plasma and serum demonstrated that the levels of II rAg and of AT III, assessed by the Laurell technique with Behring antisera, were not reduced by the coagulation process. The patients were, a posteriori, classified into two groups according to the absence (group A) or the presence (group B) of factors predisposing to liver failure such as metastasis, cirrhosis, and prolonged shock. II rAg and AT III levels are significantly correlated; they are in the normal range in group A but reduced in group B. Thus II rAg or AT III level determinations are useful markers in the detection of liver failure associated to the consumption phenomenon. These results also suggest that part of the decreased AT III levels reported in severe cases of disseminated intravascular coagulation may be the consequence of an associated liver failure.

scholarly journals The Impact of Left Atrial Size in Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation Using Remote Magnetic Navigation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Xiao-yu Liu ◽  
Hai-feng Shi ◽  
Jie Zheng ◽  
Ku-lin Li ◽  
Xiao-xi Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Catheter Ablation ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Magnetic Navigation ◽  
Remote Magnetic Navigation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Impact

Objective. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of left atrial (LA) size for the ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) using remote magnetic navigation (RMN). Methods. A total of 165 patients with AF who underwent catheter ablation using RMN were included. The patients were divided into two groups based on LA diameter. Eighty-three patients had small LA (diameter <40 mm; Group A), and 82 patients had a large LA (diameter ≥40 mm; Group B). Results. During mapping and ablation, X-ray time (37.0 (99.0) s vs. 12 (30.1) s, P<0.001) and X-ray dose (1.4 (2.7) gy·cm2 vs. 0.7 (2.1) gy·cm2, P=0.013) were significantly higher in Group A. No serious complications occurred in any of the patients. There was no statistical difference in the rate of first anatomical attempt of pulmonary vein isolation between the two groups (71.1% vs. 57.3%, P=0.065). However, compared with Group B, the rate of sinus rhythm was higher (77.1% vs. 58.5%, P<0.001) during the follow-up period. More patients in Group A required a sheath adjustment (47/83 vs. 21/82, P<0.001), presumably due to less magnets positioned outside of the sheath. In vitro experiments with the RMN catheter demonstrated that only one magnet exposed created the sheath affects which influenced the flexibility of the catheter. Conclusions. AF ablation using RMN is safe and effective in both small and large LA patients. Patients with small LA may pose a greater difficulty when using RMN which may be attributed to the fewer magnets beyond the sheath. As a result, the exposure of radiation was increased. This study found that having at least two magnets of the catheter positioned outside of the sheath can ensure an appropriate flexibility of the catheter.

Salivary oestradiol and progesterone after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer using different luteal support regimens

1990 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 351 ◽  
Author(s):  
YF Wong ◽  
EP Loong ◽  
KR Mao ◽  
PP Tam ◽  
NS Panesar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Luteal Support ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Ivf Et

Salivary oestradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) levels have been shown to reflect the biologically active fractions in the serum. The luteal-phase status of stimulated cycles was investigated after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). Thirty patients were randomly allocated to one of three luteal therapy groups: group A had no support, group B had intramuscular P and group C had intramuscular P and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). One pregnancy was achieved in group A, two in group B and three in group C. Significant correlations between salivary and serum levels of E2 and of P in matched samples during luteal phase were found. Salivary E2 levels from luteal day 8 through day 14 and P levels from day 3 through day 14 were significantly higher in the pregnant than in the nonpregnant cycles. Among the nonpregnant cycles, salivary E2 and P levels were significantly higher in group C than in group A or B. These findings suggest that, in stimulated cycles for IVF-ET, determination of salivary E2 and P levels may be used as reliable alternatives to serum concentrations for assessing the luteal phase. Also, the additional hCG has an enhanced luteotrophic effect, as reflected by the higher salivary E2 and P levels, which may lead to a better pregnancy rate.

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