98 INFLUENCE OF INJECTION ALTRENOGEST IN UTERINE TONE AND EMBRYONIC VESICLE GROWTH IN RECIPIENT MARES

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
V. H. Vallejo Aristizabal ◽  
H. D. Mogollón Garcia ◽  
J. A. Dell'aqua Junior
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Recipient Group ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Made In

The objective of this study was to compare the influence of injectable altrenogest on uterine tone (UT) and embryonic vesicle growth (EVG) in non-cyclic recipient mares in anestrus and transition with cyclic mares. This study was conducted in Brazil in the winter season (June to September) between 2011 and 2014. One-hundred fifty-five embryo transfers (ET) were made in crossbreed mares from 4 to 10 years of age, between 350 and 450 kg of weight. The recipient mares were distributed into 3 groups: G1: anestrus (n = 67), mares with follicles less than 15 mm and absence of corpus luteum; G2: transition (n = 14), mares with follicles between 15 and 20 mm and absence of corpus luteum; and G3: cyclic (n = 74), mares with follicles larger than 20 mm and presence of corpus luteum. On Day 0 (day of donor mare ovulation), recipient mares in G1 and G2 received a single IM dose of 17β-oestradiol (10 mg). Recipients were examined by ultrasound on Days 1 and 2 to evaluate the presence of uterine oedema. On Day 2, once oedema was confirmed, recipients were given 180 mg of altrenogest IM, and altrenogest treatment was repeated every 8 days until Day 90 of gestation. The G3 recipient mares were not treated with 17β-oestradiol and altrenogest. For mares in G1 and G2, ET was performed 6 days after the initiation of altrenogest treatment. For recipients in G3, ET was performed between Days 6 and 8. Uterine tone was evaluated before ET on a scale of 0 to 3 (tonus absent 0, and tonus intense 3). Conception rate was determined by ultrasound at Day 15. The diameter of the EVG was calculated by measuring the length and width of the embryonic vesicle on Days 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, and 45 using ultrasonography. Analysis of the variables UT and EVG was performed with Proc Mixed. Results are represented as ± standard error of the mean. Statistical analysis for conception rate was made by chi-square distribution adjusted with the Fisher’s test when it was required. All data were analysed with the SAS statistical package. There was no difference (P > 0.05) in UT between recipient groups (G1: 2.6 ± 0.04; G2: 2.6 ± 0.09; G3: 2.5 ± 0.04). In addition, there was no effect of recipient group nor an interaction between recipient group and day of gestation for EVG (P > 0.05). However, conception rate was greater (P < 0.05) in G2 (11/14 = 78%) and G3 (44/74 = 59%) compared with G1 (26/67 = 39%). Results of the present study demonstrate the effectiveness of injectable altrenogest for use in managing anestrus and transition mares for ET.

scholarly journals Palatal Rugae Pattern in Nepalese Subjects

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipshikha Bajracharya ◽  
Anisha Vaidya ◽  
Sunaina Thapa ◽  
Sujita Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Population Differentiation ◽  
Forensic Odontology ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Statistical Significant Difference ◽  
Palatal Rugae ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Gender Groups

Objective: To determine the number and pattern of palatal rugae in Nepalese subjects and to find the association of gender with the number and pattern of palatal rugae. Materials & Method: 200 Nepalese subjects comprising of 100 male and 100 female were randomly selected and their maxillary casts were examined for the palatal rugae length applying the classification proposed by Thomas and Kotze and palatal rugae pattern was recorded using the classification given by Kapali. Statistical analysis using Student t-test was applied for comparing the number of palatal rugae between right and left sides. Chi square test was used to find the association between gender and number of rugae as well as the pattern. Result: The study demonstrated that the mean number of primary palatal rugae on left side was predominant, similarly wavy pattern was the most predominant in Nepalese subjects. No statistical significant difference was noticed in the palatal rugae number and pattern between the gender groups. Conclusion: The study found predominant palatal form in Nepalese subjects which might have superior effectiveness in population differentiation and may be used as an effective tool in forensic odontology identification.  

Some quantitative dental characteristics of the chimpanzee, gorilla and orang-outang

1950 ◽  
Vol 234 (616) ◽  
pp. 471-484 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Permanent Dentition ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Made In

Measurements have been taken of the crowns of the teeth of seventy-nine chimpanzees, eighty-nine gorillas and sixty-three orang-outangs. Basic statistical data, comprising the mean, the number of skulls, the standard deviation and the standard error of the mean, are presented for forty-eight dimensions and indices of the deciduous teeth and for seventy-eight of those of the permanent dentition of each type of ape. A separation between the sexes has been made in the case of the permanent teeth. Further separation has been made into age groups, where necessitated by changes in dimensions due to wear. Even with the small samples resulting from these subdivisions, the standard error is seldom greater than 4 % of the mean, and therefore the figures obtained are reliable estimates of the variability of the teeth of apes. The data provide a basis for quantitative comparisons between the teeth of existing and fossil anthropoids.

9 EFFECTS OF MECLOFENAMIC ACID ON LUTEAL FUNCTION OF BEEF CATTLE

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
C. A. Messerschmidt ◽  
F. M. Abreu ◽  
L. H. Cruppe ◽  
M. V. Biehl ◽  
M. L. Day ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Luteal Function ◽  
Meclofenamic Acid ◽  
Pfizer Animal Health ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Acid Administration

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of meclofenamic acid, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory, on luteal function of beef cattle. A total of 18 Angus cows, aged between 2 and 3 years old, were enrolled in the experiment. All cows were synchronized using a 5-day CIDR protocol. Briefly, cows received 100 μg of gonadorelin diacetate tetrahydrate (GnRH; Cystorelin®, Merial, Athens, GA, USA) and a controlled internal drug release insert (CIDR; Eazi-BreedTM CIDR®, Pfizer Animal Health, New York, NY, USA). Five days later, the CIDR was removed and 50 mg of dinoprost (Lutalyse®, Pfizer Animal Health) was administered intramuscularly. Oestrus was determined by twice daily observations of mounting behaviour and tail painting scores (day of oestrus = Day 0). At 72 h after dinoprost, a second dose of gonadorelin (100 μg, IM) was administered. On Day 14, cows were randomly assigned to the following treatment groups: 1) control: 10 mL of saline solution administered IM; 2) systemic: 2 g of meclofenamic acid administered IM; and 3) oral: 2 g of meclofenamic acid administered orally. Cows were treated once daily for 11 days (i.e. until Day 24) and no adverse reactions were observed. Blood sampling and ovarian ultrasonography were performed every 72 h from Day 0 until Day 12 and then every 48 h until the end of the study. Serum progesterone concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay and were used to determine functional luteolysis (i.e. progesterone <1 ng mL–1). Ovaries were evaluated for the presence of a corpus luteum and to evaluate follicular growth and subsequent ovulation. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the day of peak progesterone concentration, lifespan of the corpus luteum and the length of the oestrous cycle between groups. Significance was set at P < 0.05 and data are presented as means ± standard error of the mean (Table 1). There were no effects of meclofenamic acid administration on any of the parameters evaluated (P > 0.05). In conclusion, meclofenamic acid administration did not affect luteal function in our study. Potentially, higher doses of meclofenamic acid may be necessary to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis and prevent luteolysis. Table 1.Effects of meclofenamic acid administration on the day of peak progesterone concentration, lifespan of the corpus luteum (CL) and the length of oestrous cycle in beef cows (mean ± standard error of the mean) Funding was provided by The Ohio State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, USDA-Animal Health Formula Funds. The authors are also grateful to the staff at the OSU Beef Center Facility for helping with animal handling and care.

scholarly journals Erratum

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-308
Keyword(s):  
Standard Error ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Infant Siblings ◽  
Time Scanning ◽  
Correct Table ◽  
Differential Attention ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Error Bars ◽  
Made In

Wagner, J., Luyster, R.J., Moustapha, H., Tager-Flusberg, H., and Nelson, C. A. (2016). Differential attention to faces in infant siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder and associations with later social and language ability. International Journal of Behavioral Development. Epub ahead of print. doi: 10.1177/0165025416673475 Owing to errors made by SAGE, the above mentioned article, first published online on November 8th 2016, contained errors. SAGE apologises to the authors and to the readers. The following corrections apply: Line 6 of the article abstract originally read ‘For time scanning faces overall, HRA- and LRC showed similar patterns of attention, and this was significantly greater than in HRA-.’ This has been corrected to read ‘For time scanning faces overall, HRA+ and LRC showed similar patterns of attention, and this was significantly greater than in HRA-.’ The last line of the caption for Figure 2 originally read ‘Error bars are + standard error to the mean.’ This has been corrected to read ‘Error bars are +/- standard error to the mean.’ The formatting of Table 2 was incorrect. The correct table is presented below: [Table: see text] These corrections have been made in the most recent online version of the article, and will also be included in all subsequent versions of the article online and in print.

scholarly journals Lightness, chroma, and hue distributions in natural teeth measured by a spectrophotometer

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 036-040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teuta Pustina-Krasniqi ◽  
Kujtim Shala ◽  
Gloria Staka ◽  
Teuta Bicaj ◽  
Enis Ahmedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Lateral Incisor ◽  
Central Incisor ◽  
Tooth Color ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Color Differences ◽  
Natural Teeth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Made In

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze the distribution of color parameters, lightness (L*), chroma (C), hue (H), a* and b*, in the intercanine sector in maxilla. Material and Methods: Patients' tooth color measurements were performed using an intraoral spectrophotometer VITA Easyshade® (VITA Zahnfabrik H. Rauter GmbH and Co. KG, Bad Sackingen, Germany). The measurements were made in 255 subjects in the intercanine sector in maxilla. Results: The mean values for the group of 255 subjects were as follows: L*, a*, b*, C, and H as 81.6, 0.67, 21.6, 21.7, and 92.7, respectively. For F=206.27 and P < 0.001 between L*, a*, b*, C, H, and central incisor/lateral incisor/canines, there were statistically significant differences. Conclusion: With the statistical analysis, it was determined that there are significant color differences between the teeth of the intercanine sector, which differences are clinically significant also.

Study of Cotton Grafting with Hemiacetal - MCT-b-CD Derivative Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Statistical Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 2055-2059
Author(s):  
Vasilica Popescu ◽  
Irina Crina Anca Sandu ◽  
Gabriel Popescu
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Dehydration Process ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis ◽  
The Mean

The dihydrated forms of the 40% glyoxal solution undergo a dehydration process (in the presence of HCl), when the proportion of non-hydrated glyoxal increases. In the presence of a dilute ethanol solution, the non-hydrated glyoxal generates a hemiacetal. The presence of hemiacetal is confirmed by FT-IR analysis by increasing of the peaks at 1053 cm-1, 1107 cm-1 and by decreasing of the peak at 1746 cm-1. The grafting of cotton with the final grafting agent obtained from the interaction of hemiacetal with MCT-b-CD, was possible using pad-dry-cure technology. The presence of MCT-b-CD on cotton fabric was confirmed by FT-IR analysis (by the peaks of 1535 cm-1 and 787 cm-1) and by the yellowing of the sample. Confirmation of the grafting is given both by increasing the pickup / take-up degrees and by increasing the wrinkle recovery angles (WRA). The statistical analysis of these indices indicates low values for standard deviation (SD), standard error of the mean (SEM) and the coefficient of variation (CV).

scholarly journals Laboratory data statistical analysis from CECCS’ patients with or without SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Juan Israel Yañez-Vargas ◽  
Andrea Abigail Doñate-Álvarez ◽  
Joel Quintanilla-Domínguez ◽  
José Aguilera-González
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Statistical Study ◽  
Data Cleaning ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Box Plots ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Made In

The increase in the number of COVID-19 cases in Mexico has caused an important effort in the analysis of the virus, due to the above, a statistical study of laboratory data of 109 patients from the State Center for Critical Care of Salamanca (CECCS) with or without COVID-19, whose purpose is to analyze in more detail the disease and the reactions in patients. First, a classification was made in men and women, then positive, negative, healthy and deceased patients. It is important to mention that a data cleaning was carried out, in addition to information filling using the mean of the laboratory values, then the clinical data were normalized from 0 to 1, to obtain the BMI of the patients, box plots and graphs days to days of hospitalization with a sample of patients.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON FREE ERYTHROCYTE PROTOPORPHYRIN, PLASMA IRON AND PLASMA COPPER IN NORMAL AND ANEMIC SUBJECTS

Blood ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 501-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. CARTWRIGHT ◽  
C. M. HUGULEY ◽  
HELEN ASHENBRUCKER ◽  
JANE FAY ◽  
M. M. WINTROBE
Keyword(s):  
Standard Error ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Plasma Iron ◽  
Erythrocyte Protoporphyrin ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Thalassemia Minor ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plasma Copper ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Made In

Abstract 1. A total of 108 erythrocyte protoporphyrin determinations has been made in 66 normal individuals. The geometric mean ± standard error of the mean was 31 (26-38). 2. A total of 196 determinations of plasma iron in 92 normal individuals was made. The mean ± standard error of the mean was 104.7 ± 3.4 µg per cent. 3. In a total of 150 determinations of plasma copper in 105 normal individuals, the mean ± standard error of the mean was 118.6 ± 1.2. µg per cent. 4. No significant difference in plasma iron was noted between the sexes but in females the plasma copper was significantly higher and the erythrocyte protoporphyrin slightly higher than in males. 5. Erythrocyte protoporphyrin, plasma iron, and plasma copper determinations have been made in over 112 patients with a variety of clinical conditions associated with anemia. In general, it was found that in pernicious anemia in relapse the erythrocyte protoporphyrin values were normal, the plasma iron normal or high and the plasma copper usually normal. Anemia due to iron deficiency as well as the anemia of infection were accompanied by high values for erythrocyte protoporphyrin, hypoferremia and hypcrcupremia. In nephritis with anemia the erythrocyte protoporphyrin was generally increased, the plasma iron low or normal and the plasma copper increased. Anemia associated with lymph node disorders or leukemia was accompanied by a normal or high EP, a low or normal plasma iron and an increase in plasma copper. Thalassemia major was found to be accompanied by both hypercupremia and hyperferremia; in thalassemia minor the serum iron values were normal although hypercupremia was found. Hyperferremia was noted in aplastic anemia. In cases of plumbism the erythrocyte protoporphyrin was markedly increased. Hypocupremia was noted only twice, in one patient with severe nephritis and hypoalbuminemia and in one patient with hemochromatosis.

Show the data, don't conceal them

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon B. Drummond ◽  
Sarah L. Vowler
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Data Presentation ◽  
Distribution Of Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Current Standards

Current standards of data presentation and analysis in biological journals often fall short of ideal. This is the first of a planned series of short articles, to be published in a number of journals, aiming to highlight the principles of clear data presentation and appropriate statistical analysis. This article considers the methods used to show data, in particular the value of the dot plot, and methods to summarise the distribution of values. The uses of measures such as standard deviation, standard error of the mean, and confidence intervals are contrasted.

The Prevalence and Extent of Physiological and Pathological Gingival Pigmentation in Patients Visiting Riyadh Elm University Clinics

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 3039-3043
Author(s):  
Rakan S. Shaheen ◽  
Fedaa M. Alsaif ◽  
Ghada A. Alghofaily ◽  
Najla S. Alhumaid ◽  
Raghad Z. Almusallam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Gingival Index ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Color Distribution ◽  
Kappa Test ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Melanin Index ◽  
The Mean

Background: Gingival pigmentation presents as a diffuse deep discoloration or as irregularly shaped brown and light brown or black patches, striate, or strands. It is generally agreed that pigmented areas are solely pre-sent when melanin granules, synthesized by melanocytes, are transferred to keratinocytes. Aim: To study the prevalence, extent, and etiology of gingival pigmentation among Riyadh Elm University clin-ics’ attendees. Design and Settings: Examinations were done in Riyadh Elm University by four calibrated examiners. Methods: Patients underwent a Gingival Index examination, followed by an assessment of the presence or ab-sence of gingival pigmentations. If the latter were present, the patient underwent a Hedin’s Melanin Index, a Gingival Melanosis Record, and a Von Luschan Scale examination to evaluate the extent, distribution, and col-or of the pigmentation. Statistical analysis: Cohen’s Kappa Test and Chi-Square Test Results: A total of 139 (80.3%) patients had gingival pigmentation, of which 79 (56.8%) were males. Gingival pigmentations were found in 42 (93.3%) cigarette smokers, 40 (83.3%) hubbly bubbly smokers, and 20 (86.9%) electronic cigarette smokers. Both arches were affected in 102 patients, the canines’ area had the highest incidence of pigmentation (88.9%) while the molars had the least incidence (18.1%). Scores of 2 and 3 on the Hedin’s Index were the highest at 51 and 52 patients respectively. The mean color of the pigmentations on the Von Luschan scale was 21.49 ± 4.59, but it was higher for smokers and patients with severe inflamma-tion. Conclusions : Gingival pigmentation was more prevalent among all types of smokers—cigarettes, hubbly bubbly, and e-cigarettes compared to non-smokers. More pigmentations were also associated with the higher intake. The major patterns of pigmentation distribution were the short-connected-continuous ribbons and the more-than-two-solitary-papillae. Keywords: Gingival Pigmentation, Hedin’s Index, Color, Distribution, Smokers

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