Relative drought tolerance of three grass species from the Northwestern slopes of New South Wales.

1979 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 244 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Harradine ◽  
RDB Whalley
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Native Species ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Native Pastures ◽  
North Western

On the north-western slopes of New South Wales, native pastures are subjected to frequent and often severe moisture stress during the summer growing season (Daniel and Watt 1967) so the relative drought tolerances of the component species may be important in determining pasture composition. Survival of three common native species from this area, Aristida ramosa R.Br., Danthonia linkii Kunth and Dichanthium sericeum (R.Br.) A. Camus, when subjected to water stress was compared in a glasshouse pot trial. The use of cycles rather than a single water stress in drought resistance studies, to simulate field conditions more closely, has been emphasised by Gates (1974). This experiment was designed to determine the relative tolerance of the above three species to repeated, increasing periods of water stress in a limited volume of soil. Pots of different sizes were used to determine the effect of differences in the rate of development of water stress on plant survival.

Soil and vegetation response to thinning White Cypress Pine (Callitris glaucophylla) on the North Western Slopes of New South Wales, Australia

2006 ◽  
Vol 285 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 245-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. McHenry ◽  
B. R. Wilson ◽  
J. M. Lemon ◽  
D. E. Donnelly ◽  
I. G. Growns
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Vegetation Response ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Callitris Glaucophylla ◽  
North Western ◽  
Cypress Pine

Establishment of Warm- and Cool-Season Native Perennial Grasses on the North-West Slopes of New South Wales. Ii. Establishment and Seedling Survival in the Field

1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
GM Lodge
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Native Pastures

Emergence and survival of the seedlings of warm-season native perennial grasses Aristida ramosa R.Br., Bothriochloa macra (Steud.) S . T. Blake, Dichanthium sericeum (R.Br.) Camus, Sporobolus elongatus R.Br., Eragvostis leptostachya Steud. and Chloris truncata R.Br. and the cool-season species Stipa variabilis Hughes and Danthonia linkii Kunth were studied in both native pastures and sown monospecific plots on the north- west slopes of New South Wales. The most favourable period for the successful emergence and establishment of warm-season grasses was from mid summer to early autumn. Cool-season native perennial grasses established best from seedlings that appeared from mid autumn to late winter. Few seedlings were observed to germinate in spring, probably as a result of large variations in temperature, low minimum temperatures or intra and interspecific competition. Seedlings growing in native pasture spent long periods in the vegetative phase compared to the early flowering of seedlings in the sown plots. In the pasture studied only two seedlings flowered over 700 days after emergence, and many others after persisting for up to 2 years died without producing seed. These findings indicate that the seedlings in these native pastures were under considerable stress and that the adult populations of the species examined were relatively stable and little recruitment occurred.

Studies of the effects of energy, protein and mineral supplementation to cattle grazing naturalised pastures on the North Coast of New South Wales

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lloyd Davies ◽  
D. Petrie ◽  
R. Paliskis
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
Coat Colour ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
The North ◽  
Liver Copper ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Native Pastures

A series of experiments were conducted to measure the response by cattle grazing 'native pastures' on the North Coast of New South Wales to supplements of energy, protein and the administration of mineral supplements.In all experiments there were liveweight responses to both energy and protein supplements. The magnitude of the response to the grain supplements was affected by treatment of the grain with extruded grain tending to give a superior liveweight response. The response to nitrogen supplements differed between non-protein-nitrogen (urea) and protein — always in favour of the protein supplement. There were no liveweight responses to copper cobalt or selenium. Supplemental copper administered in a variety of ways increased liver copper concentration, plasma copper and ceruloplasmin and coat colour changed from yellow to red. The low copper storage levels were not associated with high molybdenum values in the feed on offer. Administration of selenium did not increase the unsatisfactory pregnancy rate but did raise the level of circulating glutathione peroxidase.

Anthracnose and seedling blight of Bathurst Burr caused by Colletotrichum xanthii Halst

1951 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
FC Butler
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
The North ◽  
Weed Host ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Stem Lesions ◽  
North Western

In the summer rainfall regions of New South Wales during the past three seasons, a disease caused by the fungus, Colletotrichum xanthii, has caused widespread destruction of Bathurst burr, which ranks as one of the most serious weeds of pasture land in these areas. The disease, previously unrecorded in this State, was first observed on the Central Tableland but has since become established throughout the North-western and Central Western Slopes and Plains. It appears to be restricted to the genus Xanthium and is characterized by anthracnose-type stem lesions which tend to produce a 'ring-bark' effect. A seedling blight condition may also occur. The disease carries over from season to season on old burr remains. Since 1947-48 it has occurred naturally in 50 different districts of the State. During 1949-50 it was artificially established in 16 districts where it had not been observed previously. Disease development is favoured by prolonged periods of wet weather in the summer and autumn. It is difficult on the basis of three seasons' observations to assess the economic value of the disease as a means of biologically controlling Bathurst burr. During these three seasons, however, it has largely removed the necessity for weedicide spraying and hand cutting of burrs on many properties in northern New South Wales and thereby proved to be the most useful parasitic disease of a weed host ever encountered in this State.

scholarly journals A group of viruses isolated from naturally infected mosquitoes collected in the Murray Valley area of Victoria and New South Wales

1954 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. French ◽  
W. C. Reeves
Keyword(s):  
Small Area ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Valley Area ◽  
North Western

By the inoculation of suspensions of mosquitoes on the chorio-allantoic membrane of chick embryos, seven pock-producing viruses have been isolated. The mosquitoes were collected in a small area of the Murray Valley situated in the north-western corner of Victoria and southern New South Wales. Six of the viruses were isolated from pools ofC. fatigansand one from a pool ofC. annulirostris. Five of the viruses were found to be members of the bird pox group and related to fowl-pox virus. Two of the viruses differed in the type of pock they produced on the chorio-allantoic membrane and appeared to be serologically unrelated to the other five.The interest and criticism of Sir Macfarlane Burnet, F.R.S., throughout the conduct of this work is gratefully acknowledged.

Effects of climate scenarios on simulated intake of sheep grazing native pastures in northern New South Wales, Australia

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Lodge ◽  
I. R. Johnson ◽  
B. R. Cullen
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Biophysical Model ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Climate Scenarios ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Native Pastures ◽  
A1b Scenario

Interpolated climate data were used as inputs for simulations in a biophysical model to predict the proportion of the total intake provided by native pasture for wethers and ewes for three climate scenarios on the North-West Slopes of New South Wales (NSW), Australia. These climate scenarios compared the 1961–90 historical baseline climate with two climate projections for 2030 based on (i) the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change A1B scenario in 2030 for a site near Barraba, and (ii) a report to the NSW Government indicating that the climate of Tamworth (~85 km south-east of Barraba) could become similar to that of Warialda (~95 km north-west of Barraba). A third scenario compared historical data for the Barraba location for 30-year ‘dry’ and ‘wet’ periods, in the first and second halves of the 1900s, respectively. Model simulations indicated that the largest differences in the predicted proportion of wether and ewe intake provided by the pasture occurred for the historical ‘dry’ and ‘wet’ periods. For the reference climate normal (1961–90) v. 2030 A1B scenario and the Tamworth–Warialda comparison, there were few substantial differences in the predicted proportion of pasture intake. Additionally, there was only a small effect of a variation (up to 20%) in rainfall distribution and inter-annual variability on pasture intake by sheep. Since the largest predicted differences in sheep intake of pasture occurred for historical ‘wet’ and ‘dry’ periods, it was apparent that climate variability would continue to have a major influence on grazed native pastures on the North-West Slopes of NSW.

Amelioration of structurally unstable grey soils in the north-western wheat belt of New South Wales

1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (100) ◽  
pp. 590 ◽  
Author(s):  
AD Doyle ◽  
DW Tayler ◽  
WJ Yates ◽  
HB So ◽  
JW McGarity
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
North Western ◽  
Reduced Surface

Methods of amelioration of structurally unstable grey clays were studied in field experiments conducted at three sites in the Gwydir Valley in northern New South Wales. A set of ameliorative treatments was established at each site in 1973, and a second set of treatments was established in 1974. Plots were sown with wheat each year until 1977 to study residual effects. In the first series of experiments, gypsum at 12.5 t ha-1 greatly increased wheat yields at all sites, with residual effects still strongly evident in 1977. The yield increases were commonly associated with reduced surface soil crust strength, increased wheat establishment, and increased stored soil water at sowing. Potassium sulphate at 3.75 t ha-1 and organic matter (chopped hay at 12 t ha-1) gave initial yield increases, but residual effects did not persist. Neither polyvinyl alcohol (200 kg ha-1) nor deep ploughing (to 25 cm) was successful as an ameliorant. In the second series of experiments, gypsum at 2.5 t ha-1 consistently increased wheat yields, with residual effects still evident in 1977, although yield increases were much less than those obtained with 12.5 t ha-1 gypsum in the first series of experiments. A crop of oats ploughed under was not a successful ameliorant, but calcium carbonate (5 t ha-1) showed some potential.

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