A challenge to the taxonomy of Porphyra in Australia: the New Zealand red alga Porphyra rakiura (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) occurs in southern Australia, and is distinct from P. lucasii

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 569 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Farr ◽  
W. A. Nelson ◽  
J. E. S. Broom
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Australian Specimen ◽  
Western Australian ◽  
High Diversity

Extensive collections of Porphyra from throughout New Zealand since the early 1980s have revealed unexpectedly high diversity within the genus. From small-scale, opportunistic sampling of southern Australian Porphyra, small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (SSU) sequence data confirm the presence in Tasmania of a recently-described species of Porphyra, P. rakiura W.A.Nelson. This is the first report of P. rakiura from outside New Zealand. Analysis of rbcL–rbcS spacer DNA sequence from P. rakiura specimens and from an isotype specimen of P. lucasii Levring confirm that P. rakiura can be distinguished from the P. lucasii isotype at the molecular level as well as morphologically. A Western Australian specimen collected as P. lucasii provides a nuclear SSU sequence that is clearly different (92.1% similar) to that of P. rakiura, and rbcL–rbcS spacer sequence data identical to that of the P. lucasii isotype. Sequence data from the rbcL–rbcS spacer of a herbarium specimen from South Australia initially identified as P. lucasii, but with P. rakiura-like morphology, demonstrate that it is genetically distinct from P. rakiura and place it closer to, but not identical with, the P. lucasii isotype. This challenges the current taxonomic understanding of Porphyra in Australia, and of P. lucasii in particular.

scholarly journals High Diversity of Cryptosporidium Species and Subtypes Identified in Cryptosporidiosis Acquired in Sweden and Abroad

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 523
Author(s):  
Marianne Lebbad ◽  
Jadwiga Winiecka-Krusnell ◽  
Christen Rune Stensvold ◽  
Jessica Beser
Keyword(s):  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Cryptosporidium Species ◽  
Intestinal Protozoan ◽  
Genotype I ◽  
Glycoprotein Gene ◽  
High Diversity

The intestinal protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium is an important cause of diarrheal disease worldwide. The aim of this study was to expand the knowledge on the molecular epidemiology of human cryptosporidiosis in Sweden to better understand transmission patterns and potential zoonotic sources. Cryptosporidium-positive fecal samples were collected between January 2013 and December 2014 from 12 regional clinical microbiology laboratories in Sweden. Species and subtype determination was achieved using small subunit ribosomal RNA and 60 kDa glycoprotein gene analysis. Samples were available for 398 patients, of whom 250 (63%) and 138 (35%) had acquired the infection in Sweden and abroad, respectively. Species identification was successful for 95% (379/398) of the samples, revealing 12 species/genotypes: Cryptosporidium parvum (n = 299), C. hominis (n = 49), C. meleagridis (n = 8), C. cuniculus (n = 5), Cryptosporidium chipmunk genotype I (n = 5), C. felis (n = 4), C. erinacei (n = 2), C. ubiquitum (n = 2), and one each of C. suis, C. viatorum, C. ditrichi, and Cryptosporidium horse genotype. One patient was co-infected with C. parvum and C. hominis. Subtyping was successful for all species/genotypes, except for C. ditrichi, and revealed large diversity, with 29 subtype families (including 4 novel ones: C. parvum IIr, IIs, IIt, and Cryptosporidium horse genotype VIc) and 81 different subtypes. The most common subtype families were IIa (n = 164) and IId (n = 118) for C. parvum and Ib (n = 26) and Ia (n = 12) for C. hominis. Infections caused by the zoonotic C. parvum subtype families IIa and IId dominated both in patients infected in Sweden and abroad, while most C. hominis cases were travel-related. Infections caused by non-hominis and non-parvum species were quite common (8%) and equally represented in cases infected in Sweden and abroad.

The nuclear small subunit ribosomal genes of Sphaeronaemella helvellae, Sphaeronaemella fimicola, Gabarnaudia betae, and Cornuvesica falcata: phylogenetic implications

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 752-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Hausner ◽  
James Reid
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Ribosomal Genes ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Ophiostomatoid Fungi ◽  
Original Material ◽  
Common Ancestry ◽  
Phylogenetic Implications ◽  
Rna Genes

Sequences were obtained from the nuclear small subunit ribosomal RNA genes for representatives of four ophiostomatoid genera (Ceratocystis, Gondwanamyces, Cornuvesica, and Sphaeronaemella) to resolve their phylogenetic position within the Ascomycota. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that these genera are monophyletic and share common ancestry with members of the Microascales. Based on sequence data, strains representing the mitotic species Gabarnaudia betae (Delacr.) Samson & W. Gams were shown clearly to be derived from Sphaeronaemella species. Sequences were also obtained from strains representing the syntype of Sphaeronaemella fragariae, the exholotype of Sphaeronaemella humicola, and the extype of Gabarnaudia tholispora. The results suggest that putative extype cultures for S. humicola and G. tholispora no longer represent the original material deposited. Our data also support the exclusion of S. fragariae from Sphaeronaemella. Key words: Cornuvesica, Gabarnaudia, Gondwanamyces, Sphaeronaemalla fragariae, ophiostomatoid fungi, ribosomal DNA.

scholarly journals Molecular Detection and Characterization of Goat Isolate ofTaenia hydatigenain Turkey

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armagan Erdem Utuk ◽  
Fatma Cigdem Piskin
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Taenia Hydatigena ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Data ◽  
First Time

The aim of this study was to provide molecular detection and characterization of the goat isolate ofTaenia hydatigenafrom Ankara province of Turkey. For this purpose, PCR amplification of small subunit ribosomal RNA (rrnS) and partial sequencing of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (mt-CO1) genes were performed in a one-month-old dead goat. According to rrnS-PCR results, parasites were identified asTaeniaspp., and partial sequence of mt-CO1 gene was corresponding toT. hydatigena. At the end of the study, we concluded that molecular tools can be used to define species of parasites in cases where the key morphologic features cannot be detected. Nucleotide sequence data of Turkish goat isolate ofT. hydatigenawas submitted to GenBank for other researchers interested in this subject. By this study, molecular detection and characterization ofT. hydatigenawas done for the first time in Turkey.

Heterocyphelium leucampyx (Arthoniales, Ascomycota): another orphaned mazaediate lichen finds its way home

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dries VAN DEN BROECK ◽  
Robert LÜCKING ◽  
Ester GAYA ◽  
José Luis CHAVES ◽  
Julius B. LEJJU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Family

AbstractHeterocyphelium is a mazaediate genus containing a single species, H. leucampyx. The species was originally described from Cuba within the genus Trachylia (Arthoniales, Arthoniaceae) and later placed in various genera of the collective order Caliciales s. lat. For the past three decades, Heterocyphelium was considered an orphaned genus (incertae sedis) within the Ascomycota, since morphology alone could not resolve its systematic position. In this study, we added molecular data with the aim of resolving this uncertainty. Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses of newly generated sequence data from the mitochondrial ribosomal RNA small subunit (mtSSU) and the RNA polymerase II second largest subunit gene (RPB2) provide clear evidence that Heterocyphelium leucampyx is nested within the order Arthoniales, in the family Lecanographaceae, sister to the genus Alyxoria. Heterocyphelium is a further example of parallel evolution of passive spore dispersal, prototunicate asci and the occurrence of a mazaedium in the Ascomycota, and another calicioid genus whose systematic placement could be eventually clarified by means of molecular data. Heterocyphelium is the fourth mazaediate genus in Arthoniales, in addition to Sporostigma, Tylophorella and Tylophoron.

Phylogenesis of pit-plug-associated features in the Rhodophyta: inferences from molecular systematic data

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 1436-1447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary W. Saunders ◽  
J. Craig Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Molecular Systematic ◽  
Rna Sequences ◽  
Small Subunit Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Cap Layer ◽  
Red Algal

Small-subunit ribosomal RNA sequence data are presented for Rhodogorgon carriebowensis Norris et Bucher (Rhodogorgonales, Rhodophyta) and Galaxaura marginata (Ellis et Solander) Lamouroux (Nemaliales, Rhodophyta). Data for these species were included in a matrix consisting of small-subunit ribosomal RNA sequences for 70 taxonomically diverse red algal species. Distance, parsimony, and maximum-likelihood analyses of these data all strongly support (100% of bootstrap replicates for distance and parsimony) a close alliance between the Rhodogorgonales and Corallinales. Our alignment includes 19 species representing six florideophyte orders (Acrochaetiales, Batrachospermales, Corallinales, Nemaliales, Palmariales, Rhodogorgonales) in which pit plugs are characterized by two cap layers. Distance and parsimony analyses resolve a monophyletic lineage including all "two-cap-layer" species. Our parsimony-derived molecular phylogeny was used to test a published hypothesis of pit-plug evolution. Four aspects of Pueschel's hypothesis are consistent with the results of our molecular systematic study: (i) "naked" plugs represent the ancestral type, (ii) outer cap layers are homologous structures, (iii) domed outer caps are ancestral to plate-like outer caps, and (iv) cap membranes are a derived feature within the two-cap-layer lineage. Directions for future research are discussed. Key words: Acrochaetiales, Batrachospermales, Corallinales, molecular systematics, Nemaliales, Palmariales, phylogeny, pit plug, Rhodogorgonales, Rhodophyta.

scholarly journals Two new classes of Ascomycota: Xylobotryomycetes and Candelariomycetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Voglmayr ◽  
J. Fournier ◽  
W.M. Jaklitsch
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
New Order ◽  
New Class ◽  
Recent Collection

Phylogenetic analyses of a combined DNA data matrix containing nuclear small and large subunits (nSSU, nLSU) and mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU) ribosomal RNA and the largest and second largest subunits of the RNA polymerase II (rpb1, rpb2) of representative Pezizomycotina revealed that the enigmatic genera Xylobotryum and Cirrosporium form an isolated, highly supported phylogenetic lineage within Leotiomyceta. Acknowledging their morphological and phylogenetic distinctness, we describe the new class Xylobotryomycetes, containing the new order Xylobotryales with the two new families Xylobotryaceae and Cirrosporiaceae. The two currently accepted species of Xylobotryum, X. andinum and X. portentosum, are described and illustrated by light and scanning electron microscopy. The generic type species X. andinum is epitypified with a recent collection for which a culture and sequence data are available. Acknowledging the phylogenetic distinctness of Candelariomycetidae from Lecanoromycetes revealed in previous and the current phylogenetic analyses, the new class Candelariomycetes is proposed.

Re: Spectral Analysis of Echinoderm Small Subunit Ribosomal RNA Gene Sequence Data

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace P. McCormack ◽  
Brendan F. Keegan ◽  
James O. McInerney ◽  
Richard Powell
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Ribosomal Rna Gene ◽  
Small Subunit Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Gene Sequence Data

scholarly journals Morphological and molecular studies on Resinicium s. str.

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen K. Nakasone
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Resinicium Bicolor ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
The Caribbean

Resinicium Parmasto is typified by Resinicium bicolor (Alb. & Schwein.: Fr.) Parm., (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota), a readily recognized and widely distributed corticioid, lignicolous species in the northern hemisphere. Five new species of Resinicium closely allied to R. bicolor from the Caribbean region are described and illustrated: Resinicium confertum Nakasone, sp. nov., Resinicium monticola Nakasone, sp. nov., Resinicium mutabile Nakasone, sp. nov., Resinicium rimulosum Nakasone, sp. nov., and Resinicium tenue Nakasone, sp. nov. In addition, R. bicolor and Resinicium friabile Hjortstam & Melo are redescribed and illustrated. Sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer region support the recognition of the new taxa. Further, nuclear small subunit ribosomal RNA sequence data support the recognition of two groups of Resinicium species: the Resinicium s. str. group, including R. bicolor, and the Resinicium s.l. group that includes Resinicium furfuraceum (Bres.) Parm. The genus Resinicium is redefined and a key to the Resinicium s. str. species is provided.

Opegrapha multipuncta and Schismatomma quercicola (Arthoniomycetes) belong to the Lecanoromycetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 395-405
Author(s):  
Damien ERTZ ◽  
Neil SANDERSON ◽  
Brian J. COPPINS ◽  
Jon T. KLEPSLAND ◽  
Andreas FRISCH
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
First Record ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Bayesian Analyses

AbstractOpegrapha multipuncta and Schismatomma quercicola are two sterile European lichens reproducing only vegetatively by means of soredia. RAxML and Bayesian analyses of newly generated sequence data from the mitochondrial ribosomal RNA small subunit provide clear evidence that these two species do not belong to the Arthoniomycetes, but to the Lecanoromycetes. In our phylogenetic analyses, O. multipuncta is nested in the genus Porina (Porinaceae) as sister to P. austroatlantica, while S. quercicola is nested in the genus Schizotrema (Graphidaceae) as sister to S. zebrinum. The following new combinations are introduced: Porina multipuncta (Coppins & P. James) Ertz, Coppins & Frisch and Schizotrema quercicola (Coppins & P. James) Ertz, Frisch & Sanderson. Schizotrema quercicola represents the first record of the genus Schizotrema for Europe and the first sorediate member in this genus. The species is newly recorded from Norway. The lichenicolous habit of Arthonia invadens is confirmed.

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