The genera Chiastocaulon, Cryptoplagiochila and Pedinophyllum (Plagiochilaceae) in Australia

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt A. M. Renner ◽  
Margaret M. Heslewood ◽  
Simon D. F. Patzak ◽  
Alfons Schäfer-Verwimp ◽  
Jochen Heinrichs
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
New Records ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Australian Flora ◽  
Papua New Guinean ◽  
Single Locality

Molecular and morphological data support the recognition of seven species of Chiastocaulon in Australia, of which four, namely C. braunianum and C. geminifolium comb. nov. from tropical north-eastern Queensland and C. proliferum and C. flamabilis sp. nov. from Tasmania (and New Zealand), represent new records. The other three species accepted for Australia are C. biserialis, C. dendroides and C. oppositum. Chiastocaulon conjugatum is excluded from the Australian flora, because previous Australian records are based on misidentifications of C. braunianum and Plagiochila retrospectans. Pedinophyllum monoicum, reported for Australia from a single locality in Victoria, is excluded from the Australian flora because all credible records are based on misidentifications of Syzygiella tasmanica. The Papua New Guinean Chiastocaulon takakii comb. nov. is reinstated from synonymy under C. dendroides on the basis of morphological evidence. Descriptions and illustrations of all Australian species, and dichotomous keys to species of the Chiastocaulon lineage in Australia and New Zealand, are provided.

A revision of Australian species of Radula subg. Odontoradula

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt A. M. Renner ◽  
Nicolas Devos ◽  
Elizabeth A. Brown ◽  
Matt J. von Konrat
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Chloroplast Markers ◽  
Molecular Divergence ◽  
Wet Tropics ◽  
Australian Flora ◽  
Morphological Differences

The current paper presents molecular data from three chloroplast markers (atpB–rbcL spacer, trnG G2 intron, trnL–trnF intron and spacer); morphological data, and geographic data to support the recognition of nine species belonging to Radula subg. Odontoradula in Australasia. R. ocellata, the subgeneric type from the Wet Tropics bioregion, is maintained as distinct from its sister species, R. pulchella, from south-eastern Australian rainforests; both species are Australian endemics. Reinstatement of R. allisonii from synonymy, under R. retroflexa, is supported by molecular data and morphological characters, including the absence of triradiate trigones on leaf-lobe cell walls, the apex of lobules on primary shoots not being turned outwards, the oblong-elliptic female bracts, and the perianths having a pronounced wing. Reinstatement of R. weymouthiana, from synonymy under R. retroflexa, is also supported by molecular data and morphological characters, including the presence of a single low dome-shaped papilla over each leaf-lobe cell, and the large imbricate lobules on primary shoots. R. weymouthiana occurs in Tasmania and New Zealand, whereas R. allisonii is a New Zealand endemic. Australian R. retroflexa exhibits differentiation into epiphytic and rheophytic morphs, interpreted as ecotypes. Australian individuals, comprising both epiphytic and rheophytic morphs, are monophyletic and nested within a clade containing individuals from other regions. R. novae-hollandiae is newly reported for the New Zealand Botanical Region, from Raoul Island in the Kermadecs. R. novae-hollandiae exhibits decoupling of morphological and molecular divergence, with Australian individuals forming two clades reflecting geography (a Wet Tropics bioregion clade and a south-eastern Rainforest clade). These clades exhibit equivalent levels of molecular divergence, as observed in R. pulchella and R. ocellata, but no morphological differences. Similar levels of molecular divergence were observed in trans-Tasman populations of R. tasmanica. The New Zealand endemic, R. plicata, is excluded from the Australian flora, and R. cuspidata replaces R. dentifolia for the New Zealand endemic species formerly known by both names.

The ‘xenosmatoid’ group of Cortinarius (Agaricales) in New Zealand

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 438 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-236
Author(s):  
BÁLINT DIMA ◽  
KARL SOOP
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Bayesian Inference ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Nrdna Its ◽  
One New Species

Cortinarius section Xenosmatae, originally based on solely morphological characters, was subsequently shown to contain phylogenetically distantly related species. The type species C. xenosma is a singleton, and this study aims to revise the other members of the section using combined molecular (nrDNA ITS and LSU) and morphological data. Based on phylogenetic analyses using RAxML, PhyML and Bayesian Inference and additional morphological features one new species (C. paraxenosma) and one new section (sect. Olorinati) are proposed. Furthermore sect. Carbonelli is extended and emended to include two former members of sect. Xenosmatae. A key to the species in New Zealand with xenosmatoid morphology is provided.

Batrachospermum (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) in Australia and New Zealand: New taxa and records in sections Contorta and Hybrida

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Entwisle ◽  
Helen J. Foard
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
New Taxa ◽  
New South ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Large Rivers ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Carpogonial Branch ◽  
Tropical Australia ◽  
Single Locality

Six species of Batrachospermum from Australia and New Zealand have a twisted to coiled carpogonial branch and determinate gonimoblast filaments, and are therefore referable to section Contorta or Hybrida. Batrachospermum australicum KÜtz. ex sp. nov. from large rivers in tropical Northern Territory has a tightly 3-coiled carpogonial branch; B. vittatum sp. nov. from tropical Northern Territory has a characteristic longitudinal mid-whorl band of spermatangia; and B. deminutum sp. nov. from a single locality in eastern-central New South Wales has reduced whorls and long carpogonial branches. The other three species are cosmopolitan in distribution: B. virgatodecaisneanum Sirodot is widespread but uncommon in temperate regions of both countries; B. ambiguum Montagne is widespread and common in tropical Australia; and B. globosporum Israelson is restricted in Australia to near Brisbane in subtropical southern Queensland.

Weeding the nettles IV: A redefinition of Urtica incisa and allies in New Zealand and Australia, including the segregation of two new species Urtica sykesii and U. perconfusa

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 245 (4) ◽  
pp. 251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadette Grosse-Veldmann ◽  
Barry J Conn ◽  
Maximilian Weigend
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Leaf Lamina ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Critical Revision

Taxon differentiation in Urtica from Australia and New Zealand initially appears to be uncomplicated, with taxa being easy to distinguish. However, a revision of the type material, more recent collections and a comparison of Australian and New Zealand material shows that three of the names are misapplied. Urtica gracilis (as U. dioica subsp. gracilis, North America) has been reported as introduced to New Zealand, but molecular data retrieve the corresponding specimens with the other NZ-species and we argue that they belong to the polygamous Australian species Urtica incisa. A critical revision of the protologues and type collections reveals that the names Urtica incisa, originally described from mainland Australia, and U. incisa var. linearifolia from Tasmania, have been misapplied to New Zealand taxa. Both New Zealand “Urtica linearifolia” and “U. incisa” represent unnamed taxa and are here formally described as Urtica perconfusa and Urtica sykesii, respectively. Urtica perconfusa corresponds to what is erroneously known as U. linearifolia. Urtica sykesii is an overlooked species, erroneously interpreted as U. incisa in New Zealand. It may be differentiated from U. incisa Poir. by its smaller, deltoid leaf lamina with a truncate to subcordate base (versus truncate to cuneate), fewer leaf teeth (9–12 on each side rather than 14–20 in U. incisa) and smaller plant size (20–60 cm rather than 60–200 cm in U. incisa). We found evidence for the presence of true introduced U. dioica subsp. dioica in New Zealand, but not for U. gracilis. Rather, New Zealand specimens assigned to the putatively introduced northern hemisphere U. gracilis belong to U. incisa as described from Australia. Typifications for the species treated here are provided, including an updated key to the Australian and New Zealand taxa. There are thus six native species of Urtica in New Zealand, four of them endemic, and two also indigenous in Australia.

The biting midge genus Forcipomyia (Diptera : Ceratopogonidae) in the Australasian region (exclusive of New Zealand). II. Warmkea and the Caloforcipomyia group of subgenera

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
ML Debenham
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
New Records ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Biting Midge ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
New Subgenus ◽  
First Time ◽  
Australasian Region

In this second part of the study of Australasian Forcipomyia, the subgenus Warmkea and the group of subgenera related to Caloforcipomyia are examined. Warmkea is recorded from the Australasian region for the first time, with a single species, albiacies, sp. nov. Four new species of the subgenus Caloforcipomyia are recorded, two – quokkae, sp. nov., and gibbus, sp. nov. – from Australia (the latter also from New Guinea), and pennaticauda from New Guinea, and new records are provided for squamianulipes Tokunaga & Murachi. The subgenus Metaforcipomyia is also recorded for the first time from the region, with five Australian species – tomaculorum, sp. nov.; colonus, sp. nov.; campana, sp. nov.; rupicola, sp. nov.; crepidinis, sp. nov. – and one new New Guinea species, furculae, sp. nov. In addition, the species novaguineae Tokunaga and stigmatipennis Tokunaga are transferred to Metaforcipomyia from the subgenus Forcipomyia. A new subgenus, Bassoforcipomyia, apparently related to the Caloforcipomyia group, is erected for two new southern Australian species, centurio, sp. nov., and incus, sp, nov. The relationships of these subgenera, and the relationships of species within the subgenera, are discussed.

scholarly journals The taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of the New Zealand Thomisidae (Arachnida: Araneae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Phil J. Sirvid
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Recent Establishment

<p>The New Zealand Thomisidae (crab spiders) are represented in New Zealand by two subfamilies (Stephanopinae and Thomisinae) and were used as a model group to test two competing theories on the origins of the New Zealand spider fauna. The New Zealand thomisids are also given their first full taxonomic revision. The two origin models essentially represent species radiations following recent dispersal or ancient vicariance events. Modern distribution data suggested that the stephanopines are poor dispersers and may provide evidence demonstrating a long period of separation from Australia; while in contrast, thomisines are known to be excellent dispersers. Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian analyses of cytochrome c suboxidase subunit I (COI), 28S ribosomal RNA (28S), histone H3 (H3), NADH dehyrogenase 1 (ND1) data and a combined genetic dataset was undertaken. Results indicate New Zealand stephanopines and thomisines form distinct endemic groups separate from sampled Australian species and appear to have separated from them around 5-6 million years ago. Additionally, genetic data from this study showed i) colour variations are not indicative of cryptic species; ii) previously described species are genetically distinct; iii) several suspected new species are also genetically distinct; iv) the relatively recent establishment of two Australian stephanopines and the occurrence of similar COI haplotypes in disjunct locations suggest that the dispersal ability of stephanopines is greater than previously thought and that radiation following colonization from Australia is a plausible explanation for the current diversity of the New Zealand thomisid biota. The taxonomic revision raises the number of described species from eight to eleven based on a combination of morphological and genetic data. In the stephanopines, Bryantymella Gen. nov. is erected to contain the type species Bryantymella angularis (Urquhart, 1885) comb. nov. as well as B. angulata (Urquhart, 1885) comb. nov., B. thorini sp. nov. and B. brevirostris sp. nov. Two Australian species, Sidymella longipes (Koch, 1874) and S. trapezia (Koch, 1874), are also recorded for New Zealand. Sidymella benhami (Hogg, 1910) is considered to be a junior synonym of Bryantymella angulata (Urquhart, 1885). In the thomisines, all species are now included in the previously monotypic genus Cymbachina Bryant, 1933. The genus now encompasses the type species C. albobrunnea (Urquhart, 1893), C. ambara (Urquhart, 1885) comb. nov., C. albolimbata (L. Koch, 1893) comb. nov., C. sphaeroides (Urquhart, 1885) comb. nov. and D. urquharti sp. nov. Synema suteri Dahl, 1907 is regarded as a junior synonym of C. ambara (L. Koch 1893). All previously described species are redescribed to a modern standard and sexes for some species are described for the first time. Three new species are described. Photographs of adults and diagnostic genitalic characters are included, as are diagnostic keys and updated synonymic, geographic and biological information. Overall, this study indicates that New Zealand thomisids appear to have split from their Australian relatives some 5-6 million years ago and taken in concert with the recent establishment of two Australian stephanopine species, it appears that dispersal to New Zealand by Australian colonists and subsequent radiation into endemic New Zealand forms is a plausible explanation for the current state of the fauna. Genetic and morphological data are mutually supporting and in concert have helped inform the first taxonomic revision ever undertaken for this family in New Zealand.</p>

Taxonomic studies of the genus Gracilaria (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) from Australia

1994 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 281 ◽  
Author(s):  
AF Witherell ◽  
AJK Millar ◽  
GT Kraft
Keyword(s):  
New Records ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
New Name ◽  
Taxonomic History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Australian Flora ◽  
Taxonomic Studies ◽  
Western Australian ◽  
Sarconema Filiforme

The taxonomic history of the genus Gracilaria in Australia is reviewed, and nine species are described and illustrated in detail. Two (G. comosa and G. stipitata) are newly described, and the new name G. cliftonii is proposed for the species previously known as G. furcellata Harvey [non G. furcellata (Montagne) Zanardini = Sarconema filiforme (Sonder) Kylin]. New records and observations are given for four species [G. harveyana J.Agardh, G. preissiana (Sonder) Womersley, G. salicornia (C.Agardh) Dawson, and G. urvillei (Montagne) Abbott in Abbott, Zhang & Xia], and two species [G. blodgettii Harvey and G. cf. vieillardii Silva in Silva, Menez & Moe] are added to the Australian flora. An additional seven or eight species that are incompletely known also occur on the continent and are briefly discussed but not illustrated. For nomenclatural and anatomical reasons we propose that G. spinulosa (Okamura) Chang & Xia forma srilankia Chang & Xia, based on G. purpurascens Harvey ex J. Agardh [non G. purpurascens (Hudson) Greville = Cystoclonium purpurascens (Hudson) Kutzing] and not yet recorded from Australia, be elevated to species status as G. srilankia (Chang & Xia) comb. nov. We propose that Gracilaria harveyana J. Agardh 1885 be conserved against Polyides flagelliformis Sonder 1845, which Professor H.B.S. Womersley has determined is an obscure but earlier name for this well-known Western Australian species.

Molecular and morphological evidence for and against gene flow in sympatric apomicts of the North American Crepis agamic complex (Asteraceae)This paper is one of a selection of papers published in the Special Issue on Systematics Research.

Botany ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (8) ◽  
pp. 877-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannette Whitton ◽  
Katrina M. Dlugosch ◽  
Christopher J. Sears
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
North American ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Hybrid Zones ◽  
Sympatric Populations ◽  
Contact Zones ◽  
The North

The study of sympatric populations of closely related plant species often reveals evidence of hybridization. Mechanisms that reduce outcrossing (e.g., selfing, apomixis) may allow co-occurrence without gene flow. In this study, we describe patterns of genetic variation in two contact zones, each comprising three closely related morphological types, that key to three distinct species in the North American Crepis agamic (apomictic) complex. We used RAPD markers to characterize individuals from two sites: one in northern California (Sardine Lookout) and another in northwestern Oregon (Summit Road). At Sardine Lookout, we discerned a total of four multilocus genotypes, two in one species, and one each in the other two species. Our findings suggest that distinct morphological types are maintained by absolute barriers to gene flow at this site. At Summit Road, we found greater genotypic diversity, with a total of 24 genotypes across 30 individuals. One of the morphological types was clearly genetically differentiated from the other two, with no variable markers shared with other species at this site. The two remaining species showed evidence of gene flow, with no unique markers discerning them. Morphological data tend to support this conclusion, with univariate and multivariate analyses indicating a pattern of variation spanning the two species. Taken together, these patterns suggest that contact zones need not represent hybrid zones, and that apomixis can serve as an effective barrier to gene flow that may allow for stable coexistence of close relatives.

scholarly journals The megisthanid mites (Mesostigmata: Megisthanidae) of Australia 

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4563 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
OWEN D. SEEMAN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
The Other ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Papua New Guinean

The Australian Megisthanidae are revised, resulting in the description of five new species from passalid beetles (Coleoptera: Passalidae) in Queensland: M. manonae sp. nov. from Mastachilus australasicus; M. simoneae sp. nov. from Mastachilus polyphyllus; M. southcotti sp. nov. from Aulacocyclus fracticornis; M. womersleyi sp. nov. from Protomocoelus australis; and M. zachariei sp. nov. from Aulacocyclus kaupii. Megisthanus womersleyi is also based on material from Misima Island, Papua New Guinea, originally identified as Megisthanus doreianus Thorell, 1882. Megisthanus modestus Berlese, 1910, is redescribed based on material from Pharochilus spp. collected from Canberra, New South Wales, Queensland and Tasmania. The Papua New Guinean species Mastachilus papuanus Womersley, 1937 is diagnosed and discussed in relation to the other species from New Guinea. Additional collections of Megisthanus leviathanicus Seeman, 2017 and M. thorelli Womersley, 1937 are also reported. A genus description and a key to the eight Australian species of Megisthanus are provided. 

scholarly journals First report of Austroporus doctus (Blackburn) from New Zealand and description of its larva (Coleoptera: Phalacridae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew L. Gimmel ◽  
Richard A. B. Leschen
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
The Other ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Late Instar ◽  
First Time ◽  
Established Species

The Australian species Austroporus doctus (Blackburn) is reported from New Zealand for the first time. Adults are illustrated and diagnosed, and late-instar larvae are fully described and illustrated. In addition, a summary of prior larval descriptions of Phalacridae is provided. This represents the first description of the morphology and habitat of the larvae within the genus Austroporus Gimmel and the Olibroporus-group of genera. Austroporus doctus is native to eastern Australia, where adults are distinguished from similar species by characters of the male genitalia and by a suite of external morphological features. There are no native members of Phalacridae known from New Zealand, but A. doctus represents the second introduced and established species there. A key is given to differentiate adult and larval A. doctus from the other introduced New Zealand species, Phalacrus uniformis (Blackburn).

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