Biogeography after Burbidge

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Y. Ladiges
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
New Method ◽  
Memorial Lecture ◽  
General Area ◽  
Australian Flora ◽  
Cladistic Biogeography

The contributions of Nancy Burbidge and Leon Croizat to an understanding of Australian phytogeography are summarised and compared. The focus of systematics on relationship and nodes of cladograms is outlined as the basis of modern cladistic biogeography. It is argued that development of explicit analytical methods for the discovery of general area cladograms has been hindered by lack of recognition of geographic paralogy—evidenced by duplication or overlap in geographic distribution of taxa related at a node in a cladogram. A new method, subtree analysis, which recognises and eliminates paralagous nodes, and often inconsistencies, is illustrated with examples from the Australian flora. General patterns are congruent with conclusions of Burbidge and Croizat. Paper Presented as the 1996 Nancy Burbridge Memorial Lecture.

Analytical Results on a Chaotic Piecewise-Linear O.D.E.

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-348
Author(s):  
B. Uehleke ◽  
O. E. Rössler
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Piecewise Linear ◽  
New Method ◽  
Analytical Results

A variant to the well known Danziger-Elmergreen equation of hormonal regulation is analyzed geometrically by analytical methods. The new method of Poincaré half maps is employed. Several chaotic regimes are found.

A new method for texture measurements using a general area detector diffraction system

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Helming ◽  
Mike Lyubchenko ◽  
Bob He ◽  
Uwe Preckwinkel
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Pole Figure ◽  
New Method ◽  
General Area ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Area Detector ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Analysis Process ◽  
Pole Figure Data

Advances in X-ray texture solutions require new methods and descriptions for the texture analysis process, e.g., when using general area detector diffraction systems. A new method is presented that defines a general pole figure resolution and provides the possibility to optimize strategies for efficient pole figure data collection. Application of the new method improves resolution and (!) speed. New software enables simultaneous monitoring of pole and detector space. This allows a fundamentally better understanding of the collected information, e.g., in situations where peaks overlap or high backgrounds compromise data quality.

The Organization and Functions of the Ragbenle Society of the Temne

Africa ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vernon R. Dorjahn
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Northern Province ◽  
General Area ◽  
Guinea Coast ◽  
Restricted Area ◽  
Area Distribution ◽  
Seeking Help ◽  
Opening Paragraph

Opening ParagraphThe Temne of the Northern Province of Sierra Leone are second only to the Mende in the Protectorate, numbering over half a million and inhabiting some 10,500 square miles of land. In general, they are culturally similar to their neighbours, especially in their possession of a number of societies, some secret, some not, which play integral roles in their lives. Of the societies found in this westernmost section of the Guinea Coast area, the Bundu or Sande for women and the Poro for men have been described by various writers for a number of groups. The emphasis placed on these two societies in the literature is justifiable in view of their multi-tribal geographic distribution, their general membership embracing most of the adult population and much of the adolescent segment in the groups where they are found, and the important functions they serve. In addition, however, there are a number of societies in this general area which, although they have a more restricted area distribution and less general membership, nevertheless also serve important functions for one or more groups. Such a society is the Ragbenle, also known as Maneke, which is centred in the eastern section of Temne country, where it is closely connected with the chiefs, particularly in conducting the ceremonies associated with their death, burial, selection, instruction, and installation, and, in addition, purifies violators of incest prohibitions, heals the chief and anyone else seeking help, divines witches, and provides other supernatural services. The purpose of this paper is to consider the membership of the society in terms of both supernatural and human members, and its functions in various aspects of Temne life.

scholarly journals Comparison of Selected Shading Correction Methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 819-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Gądek-Moszczak ◽  
Leszek Wojnar ◽  
Adam Piwowarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Object Detection ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Human Vision ◽  
New Method ◽  
Grey Level ◽  
Standard Methods

AbstractShade effect is a defect of the images very often invisible for human vision perception but may cause difficulties in proper image processing and object detection especially if the aim of the task is to proceed detection and quantitative analysis of the objects. There are several methods in image processing systems or presented in the literature, however some of them introduce unexpected changes in the images, what may interfere the final quantitative analysis. In order to solve this problem, authors proposed a new method for shade correction, which is based on simulation of the image background based on analytical methods which return pixel values representing smooth grey level changes. Comparison of the effects of correction by applying standard methods and the method proposed are presented.

scholarly journals Quality and Reliability in Analytical Chemistry

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Raluca-Ioana Stefan-van Staden
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Chemistry ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Reliability Evaluation ◽  
New Method ◽  
Undergraduate Studies ◽  
Analytical Information ◽  
Quality And Reliability

Quality and reliability are essential terms in analytical chemistry. Reliable analytical information implies quality. Maintaining the quality in time shows reliability. Evaluation of quality and reliability is essential for the validation of a new method of analysis. Learning good practice in analytical chemistry during undergraduate studies will improve the quality of the laboratories of analysis, by implementing highly reliable analytical methods.

Cladistic biogeography of afromontane spiders

1991 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
CE Griswold
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
General Area ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
Parsimony Method ◽  
Biogeographic Patterns ◽  
Biogeographic Pattern ◽  
Areas Of Endemism ◽  
Cladistic Biogeography ◽  
Answering Questions

The application of cladistic data is seen as crucial to answering questions regarding the definition, mode of origin and age of historical biogeographic patterns. From the cladograms and distributional data for four groups of afromontane spiders [Microstigmata (Microstigmatidae), the Moggridgea quercina group (Migidae), and the subfamilies Vidoleini and Phyxelidini (Amaurobiidae)] a set of nine disjunct areas of endemism is defined for African and Malagasy forests. Taxonlarea cladograms are combined through a parsimony method to produce a general area cladogram. General conclusions are: (1) Madagascar is related to eastern Africa and/or eastern South Africa rather than being the sister area to all of Africa; (2) eastern South Africa shows affinities with tropical Africa rather than with the nearby Cape region; (3) the Cape region of South Africa is highly distinctive; and (4) the area cladogram is hard to reconcile with historical scenarios involving primarily dispersal or Pleistocene vicariance events, and a Mesozoic origin for parts of the biogeographic pattern for afromontane spiders is possible.

Malt Beverages and Brewing Materials

1966 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-504
Author(s):  
Irwin Stone
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
New Method ◽  
New Methods ◽  
American Society

Abstract One new method, Total Haze of Beer After Chilling, is recommended for adoption as official, first action. Other new methods of the American Society of Brewing Chemists, which will be eventually submitted to the AOAC, are Diacetyl in Beer, Microbiological Controls, Aphids in Hops, and Physical Stability of Beer. The ASBC now has nine technical subcommittees investigating various analytical methods which may be of eventual interest to the AOAC.

On the distribution of gymnosperm genera, their areas of endemism and cladistic biogeography

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl Contreras-Medina ◽  
Isolda Luna Vega
Keyword(s):  
New Caledonia ◽  
The Other ◽  
Western China ◽  
Distributional Analysis ◽  
General Area ◽  
Areas Of Endemism ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Cladistic Biogeography ◽  
Biogeographic Analysis

A distributional analysis of 81 gymnosperm genera was undertaken. On the basis of the congruence in the distribution of these genera, nine areas of endemism were recognised. Many of these areas also represent areas of endemism for other plant and animal taxa. South-western China and New Caledonia are particularly interesting from the viewpoint of gymnosperm diversity and endemism. The suggested areas of endemism agree in part with some floristic regions previously proposed. The congruence between the areas of endemism suggested and postulated Pleistocene refuges and panbiogeographic nodes is discussed. A cladistic biogeographic analysis was carried out and a general area cladogram obtained by strict consensus shows two major components, one Gondwanic and the other almost Laurasian. This cladogram was compared with previous studies and the similarities and differences among relationship areas are discussed.

A Salicylate–Hypochlorite Method for Determining Ammonia in Seawater

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 794-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol E. Bower ◽  
Thomas Holm-Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Artificial Seawater ◽  
New Method ◽  
Visual Estimation ◽  
Total Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Seawater Analysis ◽  
Total Ammonia

Total ammonia-nitrogen (NH4-N) in artificial seawater was determined spectrophotometrically by a method in which indophenol blue is produced by the reaction of ammonia with salicylate and hypochlorite, in the presence of sodium nitroprusside. Recoveries of 10 to 1000 μg NH4-N/L by the salicylate– and phenol–hypochlorite methods compared well (r = 0.99); the coefficient of variation for 25 μg NH4-N/L and above was less than 3% for the salicylate–hypochlorite method. The new method is safer than the phenol–hypochlorite method because phenol is not used, but it may not be suitable for field determinations because of photosensitivity. The characteristic colors produced by increasing concentrations of ammonia make the assay useful for the direct, visual estimation of ammonia in culture systems.Key words: ammonia, analytical methods, seawater analysis

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