scholarly journals Bringing new HIV infections to zero – opportunities and challenges offered by antiretroviral-based prevention in Asia, the Pacific and beyond: An overview of this special issue

Sexual Health ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Iryna B. Zablotska ◽  
Bill Whittaker ◽  
John de Wit ◽  
Adeeba Kamarulzaman ◽  
Jintanat Ananworanich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Prevention Research ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Behavioural Science ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Prevention Of Hiv

This editorial to the special issue of Sexual Health on antiretroviral-based prevention of HIV infection is dedicated to showcasing research and practice in this area. It aims to promote debate regarding the potential of new antiretroviral-based prevention approaches and the challenges encountered in moving prevention innovations into the community. This special issue covers the breadth of innovative HIV prevention research, including that undertaken in the fields of epidemiology, clinical research, social and behavioural science, public health and policy analysis, and with special emphasis on Asia and the Pacific region. Most importantly, it provides an indication of how the region is progressing towards embracing new prevention approaches to combat HIV epidemics across the region.

Research Synthesis, HIV Prevention Response, and Public Health: CDC’s HIV/AIDS Prevention Research Synthesis Project

2021 ◽  
pp. 003335492098887
Author(s):  
Linda J. Koenig ◽  
Cynthia M. Lyles ◽  
Darrel Higa ◽  
Mary M. Mullins ◽  
Theresa A. Sipe
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Research Synthesis ◽  
Aids Prevention ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Translation ◽  
Prevention Research ◽  
Hiv Aids

Objective Research synthesis, through qualitative or quantitative systematic reviews, allows for integrating results of primary research to improve public health. We examined more than 2 decades of work in HIV prevention by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC’s) HIV/AIDS Prevention Research Synthesis (PRS) Project. We describe the context and contributions of research synthesis, including systematic reviews and meta-analyses, through the experience of the PRS Project. Methods We reviewed PRS Project publications and products and summarized PRS contributions from 1996 to July 2020 in 4 areas: synthesis of interventions and epidemiologic studies, synthesis methods, prevention programs, and prevention policy. Results PRS Project publications summarized risk behaviors and effects of prevention interventions (eg, changing one’s perception of risk, teaching condom negotiation skills) across populations at risk for HIV infection and intervention approaches (eg, one-on-one or group meetings) as the HIV/AIDS epidemic and science evolved. We used the PRS Project cumulative database and intervention efficacy reviews to contribute to prevention programs and policies through identification of evidence-based interventions and development of program guidance. Subject matter experts and scientific evidence informed PRS Project products and contributions, which were implemented through strategic programmatic partnerships. Conclusions The contributions of the PRS Project to HIV prevention and public health efforts in the United States can be credited to CDC’s long-standing support of the project and its context within a federal prevention agency, where HIV programs and policies were developed and implemented. The effect of the PRS Project was likely facilitated by opportunities to directly influence program and policy because of connections with other research translation activities and program and policy decision making within CDC.

Suicide Assessment and Nurses: What Does the Evidence Show?

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy Bolster ◽  
Carrie Holliday ◽  
Gail Oneal ◽  
Michelle Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Education Research ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The United States ◽  
Suicidal Patient ◽  
Prevention Research ◽  
Suicide Assessment ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
State Of The Science ◽  
Suicidal Patients

Suicide is at epidemic proportions both in the United States and across the globe. Yet, it is a preventable public health problem. Nurses practice on the front-lines and have the greatest number of opportunities to identify and intervene with suicidal patients. Most registered nurses (RNs) have little or no training in how to assess, evaluate, treat, or refer a suicidal patient. Because of this lack of training, RNs feel ill-prepared and afraid to talk to patients about suicide. The purpose of this article is to review the state of the science of suicide assessment training for nurses. Training RNs in how to assess, evaluate, treat, and refer a suicidal patient is key to suicide prevention. Research suggests that once RNs are trained in suicide assessment, they realize it is no different than assessing for any other type of illness and are then able to help those with suicidal tendencies. The article conclusion offers implications for education, research, and practice.

Behavioural Marital Therapy — Setting an Agenda for the 1990s

1989 ◽  
Vol 6 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 187-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neville M. Blampied
Keyword(s):  
Marital Therapy ◽  
Prevention Research ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Marital Functioning ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Use Of Research

The strength of behavioural marital therapy is seen to lie in its close links between theory, assessment and therapy. Issues raised by contributions to this special issue are reviewed as they bear on each of these domains and the implications they have for the next decade of research and practice are discussed. Some problems with the prevailing cognitive-behavioural models of marital functioning are noted, the difficulties of establishing effective clinical use of research innovations in assessment are lamented, and the need for innovation in therapy to meet the demands of diverse client groups is considered. An appeal is made for more attention to be given to maintenance and transfer (generalisation) issues. Finally, it is suggested that the decade of the 1990s become the decade of prevention research.

scholarly journals Introduction: Communities Acting for Sustainability in the Pacific

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anu Bissoonauth ◽  
Rowena Ward
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Social Science ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The University

This special issue of PORTAL Journal of Multidisciplinary International Studies emerged from discussions about the need to focus research on the diversity of the Pacific and the sustainability of Pacific peoples and communities for future generations. The issue brings together articles by researchers from Australia and New Caledonia with interests in sustainability from the disciplines of linguistics, cultural studies, social science and history in and across the Pacific region. The papers are drawn primarily from presentations at a symposium on ‘Pacific communities acting for sustainability,’ held at the University of Wollongong in July 2016, which involved academics from Australia and New Caledonia.

scholarly journals Community Perspectives on Factors That Influence Collaboration in Public Health Research

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 930-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogério M. Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Prevention Research ◽  
Community Partner ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community Based Research

Community collaboration in research may lead to better methods, results, and dissemination of interventions. Little systematic research has examined specific factors that influence community-based organizations (CBOs) to collaborate in public health research. There is an urgent need to advance knowledge on this topic so that together, researchers and CBOs can minimize barriers to collaboration. This study advances a CBOfocused characterization of collaboration in HIV-prevention research. By focusing on the perspectives of 20 key informants in 10 HIV-prevention CBOs, qualitative data revealed factors that influenced their collaborations in four domains: (a) Researchers’ Characteristics (expertise, availability), (b) Collaborative Research Characteristics (ought to improve services and CBO infrastructure); (c) Community Partner—Researcher Relationships (resolving social and professional issues); and (d) Barriers to HIV-Prevention Research Collaboration (cultural and social disconnect between CBO and academia). To reduce barriers, researchers ought to enhance motivators that facilitate collaboration. To use the advantages of community-based research, prevention scientists and policy makers ought to embrace CBOs’ characterization of what makes health research genuinely collaborative.

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