Potassium balance and release kinetics of non-exchangeable K in a Typic Haplustert as influenced by cattle manure application under a soybean-wheat system

Potassium balance and non-exchangeable potassium release in 0.01 M CaCl2 medium in a Typic Haplustert were studied in a 7-year-old soybean–wheat rotational experiment involving 4 levels of cattle manure along with the recommended dose of K (66 kg/ha.year). Continuous cropping without returning crop residues to the soil led to a negative balance of 66–107 kg K/ha.year. Manuring at the rate of 4 and 8 t/ha did not significantly change the negative balance, but application of 16 t/ha manure reduced the negative K balance. Continuous cropping without cattle manure reduced cumulative K release from 236 mg/kg (initial) to 195 mg/kg. Application of manure at 4, 8, and 16 t/ha kept K release at 229, 245, and 246 mg/kg soil, respectively. A parabolic diffusion equation was the best fit to describe K release. Cropping under the present level of K input resulted in a decline in non-exchangeable K whatever the addition of manure. Manuring at 4 and 8 t/ha has accelerated the mining of native K, which increased the unsustainability of the system. K balance, non-exchangeable K release kinetics, soybean–wheat rotation, cattle manure, Typic Haplustert.

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Analysis of K+ release kinetics of biomass ash with different pH

CHINESE JOURNAL OF ECO-AGRICULTURE ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1011.2014.30916 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 171-176

Author(s):

Kan WANG ◽

Zifang WANG ◽

Ming GAO ◽

Yaohua HUANG ◽

Xiaofei HAN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Release Kinetics ◽

Biomass Ash ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

K Release

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Kinetics of K release from soils of Brazilian coffee regions: effect of organic acids

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo ◽

10.1590/s0100-06832008000200008 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 533-540 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Vladimir Antônio Silva ◽

Giuliano Marchi ◽

Luiz Roberto Guimarães Guilherme ◽

José Maria de Lima ◽

Francisco Dias Nogueira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Release Kinetics ◽

Kinetic Studies ◽

Release Rates ◽

First Order ◽

Potassium Release ◽

Minas Gerais State ◽

Soil Clay ◽

Extractant Solution ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

K Release

Kinetic studies on soil potassium release can contribute to a better understanding of K availability to plants. This study was conducted to evaluate K release rates from the whole soil, clay, silt, and sand fractions of B-horizon samples of a basalt-derived Oxisol and a sienite-derived Ultisol, both representative soils from coffee regions of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Potassium was extracted from each fraction after eight different shaking time periods (0-665 h) with either 0.001 mol L-1 citrate or oxalate at a 1:10 solid:solution ratio. First-order, Elovich, zero-order, and parabolic diffusion equations were used to parameterize the time dependence of K release. For the Oxisol, the first-order equation fitted best to the experimental data of K release, with similar rates for all fractions and independent of the presence of citrate or oxalate in the extractant solution. For all studied Ultisol fractions, in which K release rates increased when extractions were performed with citrate solution, the Elovich model described K release kinetics most adequately. The highest potassium release rate of the Ultisol silt fraction was probably due to the transference of "non-exchangeable" K to the extractant solution, whereas in the Oxisol exchangeable potassium represented the main K source in all studied fractions.

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Kinetics of non-exchangeable potassium release in selected soil orders of southern Iran

Soil and Water Research ◽

10.17221/138/2017-swr ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 200-207

Author(s):

Zareian Gholamreza ◽

Farpoor Mohammad Hady ◽

Hejazi-Mehrizi Majid ◽

Jafari Azam

Keyword(s):

Oxalic Acid ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Clay Content ◽

Exchangeable K ◽

Southern Iran ◽

Successive Extraction ◽

Palygorskite Clay ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

K Release Rate ◽

K Release

Non-exchangeable K release can greatly influence soil K fertility. This study was carried out to study the release of non-exchangeable K from 22 surface and subsurface soils of southern Iran using successive extraction with 10 mmol/l of CaCl2 and oxalic acid in a period of 2−1368 h at 25 ± 1°C. Alfisols, Aridisols, Entisols, Inceptisols, Mollisols, and Histosols were among the studied soil orders. Illite, smectite, chlorite, vermiculite, kaolinite and palygorskite clay minerals were identified. The amount of non-exchangeable K varied from 95 to 506 mg/kg. Results showed that CaCl2 and oxalic acid released 60 and 55% of non-exchangeable K from soils, respectively. The discontinuity in slope was found when the cumulative amount of released K was plotted versus time, supporting the multi-reactive nature of K exchange sites. The cumulative K release in soils ranged from 87 to 300 mg/kg for CaCl2 and 78 to 300 mg/kg for oxalic acid which was well described by simplified Elovich and power function equations. The b constant of simplified Elovich as an index of non-exchangeable K release rate was in the range of 10 to 36 mg/kg for CaCl2 and 11 to 36 mg/kg for oxalic acid. The highest b constant was measured in Inceptisols and Alfisols, while the lowest values were found in Entisols and Histosols. In conclusion, the K release pattern was similar for both extractants and affected by clay content and type, and soil depth.

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Potassium release kinetics and its correlation with pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) plant indices

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/70/2012-pse ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 58 (No. 7) ◽

pp. 328-333 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

A.R. Hosseinpur ◽

H.R. Motaghian ◽

M.H. Salehi

Keyword(s):

Release Kinetics ◽

Calcareous Soils ◽

Bean Plant ◽

Pinto Bean ◽

Successive Extraction ◽

Release Studies ◽

Function Models ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Total Reaction Time ◽

K Release

The rate of potassium (K) release from soils is a dynamic process, and it is important to the evaluation of soil K availability to plant. The objectives of this study were to determine K release characteristics and the correlation of these parameters with bean plant indices in surface soils of 15 calcareous soils. The kinetics of K release was determined by successive extraction with 0.01 mol/L CaCl2 in a period of 2–2017 h at 25 ± 1°C. The results showed that the cumulative K&rlm; release ranged from 111 to 411 mg/kg. A plot of cumulative amount of K released showed a discontinuity in slope at 168 h. Thus, two equations were applied to segments of the total reaction time (2 to 168 and 168 to 2017 h). The amounts of K released during 2–168 and 168–2017 h ranged from 55 to 299 and 44 to 119 mg/kg, respectively. Release kinetics of K conformed fairly well to parabolic diffusion, simplified Elovich and power function models in two segments. Potassium released after 2–168 and 168–2017 h and K release rate constants were significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with bean plant indices, while correlation between K extracted by using 1 mol/L NH4OAc (ammonium acetate) and plant indices was not significant. The results of this research showed that information obtained from K release studies in laboratory and kinetics equation parameters can help to estimate the K supplying power of soils.

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Kinetics of nonexchangeable potassium release from a Tropaquept as influenced by long-term cropping, fertilisation, and manuring

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/s98049 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 317 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Ch. Srinivasa Rao ◽

Anand Swarup ◽

A. Subba Rao ◽

V. Raja Gopal

Keyword(s):

Rate Constants ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Continuous Cropping ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Acid Media ◽

First Order ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

K Release ◽

Nonexchangeable Potassium

We studied the effect of long-term cropping, fertilisation, and manuring on kinetics of nonexchangeable potassium (K) release from a Tropaquept in 0·01 M CaCl2 and 0·01 M citric acid media under a rice–rice cropping system in an experiment started in 1971. Under continuous cropping, the cumulative K release from the soil decreased considerably in all treatments both with and without K application. The lowest K release from the nonexchangeable fraction of the soil was observed in the 100% optimum nitrogen+phosphorus (NP) treatment (55 and 34 mg/kg in 1980 and 1994, respectively), while the highest K release was in the 100% optimum NPK+farmyard manure (FYM) treatment (99 and 66 mg/kg in 1980 and 1994, respectively). Statistical analysis showed that a parabolic diffusion equation best described the K release from soil samples collected in 1980 (r = 0·989–0·992) and 1994 (r = 0·994–0·998), thereby indicating that the K release was a diffusion-controlled exchange. A first-order kinetic equation also explained K release behaviour from the soil samples in both years (r = 0·988 for 1980 and 0·971–0·988 for 1994 samples). The maximum and minimum values of rate constants were found for the 100% NPK+FYM and 100% NP treatments, respectively. A reduction in rate constants was observed with further cropping until 1994, with or without K supply, with the largest reduction being observed in the 100% NP treatment. Kinetic parameters of the first-order equation showed significant correlation with conventional measures of nonexchangeable K forms: 3 M H2SO4 and boiling 1 M HNO3 extractable K. From these results it is concluded that continuous cropping without K inputs through fertilisers or manure caused a decline in nonexchangeable K reserves and release rate while application of recommended NPK plus FYM maintained higher release rates.

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Heavy Metals (Cu and Zn) Release Kinetics in a Sediment Sample from the Inlet of Baihua Lake, China

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.599.81 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 599 ◽

pp. 81-85

Author(s):

Ji Ping Zhang ◽

Ji Wei Hu ◽

Xian Fei Huang ◽

Jin Mei ◽

Wei Shen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Sediment Sample ◽

Ph Value ◽

Release Kinetics ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Best Fit ◽

Metals Release ◽

Cu And Zn

Release kinetics of two selected heavy metals (Cu and Zn) in a sediment sample collected from the inlet of Baihua Lake was determined. The results show that the double-constant equation was considered as the best-fit equations describing the relationship of Cu and Zn release and time in the sediment from the inlet of the lake (R2 = 0.9759, 0.9226, P<0.01). The effects of temperature, acidity, salinity, and the water/soil ratio on the releasing of heavy metals in sediment sample were also investigated. The heavy metals release would increase as the temperature increased. A low pH value could promote the heavy metals release. The heavy metals in the sediment tended to be released under a relatively high salinity condition. The amount of the heavy metals released from the sediment decreased with the increase of the water/soil ratio.

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Models for potassium release kinetics of four Humic Gleysols high in clay by electro-ultrafiltration

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/s00-090 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 81 (5) ◽

pp. 603-611 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

N. Ziadi ◽

R. R. Simard ◽

T. S. Tran

Keyword(s):

Solid Phase ◽

Release Kinetics ◽

Order Equation ◽

K Uptake ◽

First Order ◽

Incremental Model ◽

Release Data ◽

First Time ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

K Release

The rate of K release from the soil solid phase to its solution, especially from its rapidly and slowly exchangeable forms, can affect plant K uptake. The electro-ultrafiltration (EUF) technique was used to kinetically characterize the K release from four soils (Humic Gleysols) from Abitibi-Temiscaming, Quebec, Canada. Potassium was desorbed from soils that received over 166 kg K ha-1 yr-1 from 1994 to 1996. The desorption was carried out for 58 min (4, 4, and every 5 min thereafter for a total of 12 desorptions) at 400 V and 80°C. The amount of K desorbed was between 199 and 342 mg kg-1. Cumulative K desorption was described by the following six equations: power function, simplified Elovich, extended Elovich, parabolic diffusion, zero-order, and first-order. An incremental first-order equation was also tested. The studied soils have large K supplying capacities as suggested by forage K-uptake and total soil K desorption by EUF. In general, all tested equations adequately described the K release by EUF from the four soils. The incremental first-order equation, used for the first time, described well the soil K release data. The k rate constant from this model was significantly related to forage K uptake (R2 = 0.58). Results from this study indicate that the investigated soils have large K reserves and that the incremental first-order equation and most of the cumulative ones are suitable for describing the kinetics of the large K release from these fine-textured Gleysols. Key Words: Potassium, desorption, cumulative model, incremental model

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Kinetics of potassium release from soil amended with clinoptilolite zeolite and maize stalks biochar

International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences ◽

10.52804/ijaas2021.215 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 50-56

Author(s):

Fatma N. Thabit ◽

Keyword(s):

Release Rate ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Sandy Loam Soil ◽

Exchangeable K ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Loam Soil ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Maize Stalks ◽

K Release ◽

Cacl2 Solution

A laboratory incubation experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications was carried out for 90 days to test the effect of zeolite and biochar application to calcareous sandy loam soil on potassium forms distribution and its release rate. The treatments included (1) Absolute control (C), (2) 10 g kg-1 zeolite (Z1), (3) 20 g kg-1 zeolite (Z2), (4) 10 g kg-1 biochar (B1), and (5) 20 g kg-1 biochar (B2). After incubation period, the concentrations of soluble, exchangeable, and non-exchangeable K and the release rate of K to 0.01 M CaCl2 during 200 min (10 successive extractions for soil samples of 20 min for each using CaCl2 solution) were determined. Results showed that zeolite application increased the soluble and exchangeable K concentrations. However, amending soil with biochar had a positive effect on all K forms. Addition of zeolite or biochar increased the cumulative K release. The parabolic diffusion, power function and Simple Elovich models described the kinetics of K release to CaCl2 solution well from all the soil treatments. Zeolite and maize stalks biochar may have an effective role in improvement of K availability and release in the calcareous sandy loam soil as well as may aid in increasing the ability of this soil to supply the different crops with K.

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Effects of zeolite and vermicompost applications on potassium release from calcareous soils

Soil and Water Research ◽

10.17221/72/2012-swr ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (No. 1) ◽

pp. 31-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

M. Najafi-Ghiri

Keyword(s):

Calcareous Soils ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Exchangeable K ◽

Fertility Management ◽

Significant Relationships ◽

Elovich Equation ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Positive Effect ◽

K Release Rate ◽

K Release

Zeolite and vermicompost applications to soil may improve K fertility of soils. For this purpose, these materials were added to five representative calcareous soils collected from southern Iran. The treatments included (1) control, (2) 20 g/kg zeolite, (3) 20 g/kg vermicompost, and (4) 20 g/kg vermicompost + zeolite (1:1). The samples were incubated for 90 days, and the concentrations of soluble, exchangeable, and non-exchangeable K and K release rate to 0.01M CaCl2 during 240 min (16 successive 15 min extractions of soil samples with CaCl2 solution) were determined. Results indicated that zeolite application increased significantly the concentration of soluble and exchangeable K. Vermicompost application had a positive effect on all forms of K. Cumulative K release was also affected by vermicompost application. Comparison of experimental data to different kinetic models indicated that Elovich, power function, and parabolic diffusion models described well kinetics of K release from all soil samples to 0.01M CaCl2. The b values of Elovich equation had significant relationships with NH4OAc- and HNO3-extractable K. It is recommended that for K fertility management of calcareous soils, organic and inorganic amendments application to soils should be taken into consideration.

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