Availability of nitrogen and phosphorus under recycled water irrigation

Soil Research ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 653 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sakadevan ◽  
B. L. Maheshwari ◽  
H. J. Bavor
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Land Application ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Water Treatments

Land application of recycled water is currently practised in many countries as an alternative to discharge directly into inland and coastal waters. In this field study, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability in pasture plots that received recycled water was compared with that of plots which received single applications of superphosphate fertiliser (SSP). The treatments included recycled water applied continuously, recycled water applied alternately with fresh water, single application of SSP at the beginning of the experiment, and a non-amended control. Results from the study showed that the amount of N and P removed by pasture was significantly (P < 0.01) greater in plots that received both recycled water treatments than in the SSP-treated plot and the control. The amount of N (as nitrate and ammonium) leached below 1.0 m soil depth was significantly greater (P < 0.01) for the continuous recycled water treatment than the other treatments or the control. Nitrate was the dominant (>80%) form of N leached from all 4 treatments. In contrast to the findings for N, a greater proportion of applied P (47.9%) was leached below 1.0 m soil depth from the SSP-treated plots than from plots that received recycled water continuously (26.0%), alternately with fresh water (13.3%), and the control. Results from the study may be useful for developing best management practices for recycled water irrigation of pasture.

scholarly journals Performance Assessment of Erosion Remediation Measures and Proposal of The Best Management Practices for Erosion Control in Sebeya Catchment, Rwanda

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Félicien Majoro ◽  
Umaru Garba Wali ◽  
Omar Munyaneza ◽  
François-Xavier Naramabuye ◽  
Concilie Mukamwambali
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Erosion Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Remediation Measures ◽  
Soil Erosion Control

Soil erosion is an environmental concern that affects agriculture, wildlife and water bodies. Soil erosion can be avoided by maintaining a protective cover on the soil to create a barrier to the erosive agent or by modifying the landscape to control runoff amounts and rates. This research is focused on Sebeya catchment located in the Western Province of Rwanda. Sebeya catchment is one of the most affected areas by soil erosion hazards causing loss of crops due to the destruction of agricultural plots or riverbanks, river sedimentation and damages to the existing water treatment and hydropower plants in the downstream part of the river. The aims of this research were to assess the performance of erosion remediation measures and to propose the Best Management Practices (BMPs) for erosion control in Sebeya catchment. Using literature review, site visits, questionnaire and interviews, various erosion control measures were analyzed in terms of performance and suitability. Land slope and soil depth maps were generated using ArcGIS software. The interview results indicated that among the 22 existing soil erosion control measures, about 4.57% of farmers confirmed their existence while 95.43% expressed the need of their implementation in Sebeya catchment. Furthermore, economic constraints were found to be the main limitative factors against the implementation of soil erosion control measures in Sebeya catchment. Also, the majority of farmers suggest trainings and mobilization of a specialized technical team to assist them in implementing soil conservation measures and to generalize the application of fertilizers in the whole catchment. Finally, soil erosion control measures including agro-forestry, terraces, mulching, tree planting, contour bunds, vegetative measures for slopes and buffer zones, check dams, riverbanks stabilization were proposed and recommended to be implemented in Sebeya catchment. Keywords: Erosion control measures, Sebeya catchment, Rwanda

scholarly journals Phosphorus Sources and Management in Organic Production Systems

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan O. Nelson ◽  
Rhonda R. Janke
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Best Management ◽  
P Loss ◽  
P Sources

Organically produced fruit and vegetables are among the fastest growing agricultural markets. With greater demand for organically grown produce, more farmers are considering organic production options. Furthermore, there is an increasing interest in maintaining optimal production in an organic system, which involves appropriate nutrient management. The objectives of this review were to summarize the current state of our knowledge concerning effects of organic production systems on phosphorus (P) availability, describe P availability in common organically accepted P sources, and review best management practices that can reduce environmental risks associated with P management in organic systems. Organic production systems seek to improve soil organic matter and biological diversity, which may impact P cycling and P uptake by crops. Increases in organic matter will be accompanied by an increase in the organic P pool. Furthermore, management of cover crops and potentially enhanced arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization from organic production practices can increase the availability of soil P pool (both organic and inorganic) by stimulating microbial activity and release of root exudates. This can help compensate for low soil P, but will not supersede the need to replace P removed by the harvested crop. Phosphorus fertilization in organic production systems entails balancing the P inputs with crop removal through selection and management of both nitrogen (N) and P inputs. Organic production systems that rely on manure or composts for meeting crop N demand will likely have a P surplus; therefore, P deficiencies will not be an issue. Systems using other N sources may have a P deficit, therefore requiring P supplementation for optimal plant growth. In such situations, maintenance P applications equal to crop removal should be made based on soil test recommendations. Primary organically approved P sources are phosphate rock (PR), manure, and compost. Phosphate rock is most effective at supplying P in soils with low pH (less than 5.5) and low calcium concentrations. Phosphate rock applications made to soils with pH greater than 5.5 may not be effective because of reduced PR solubility. Manure- and compost-based P has high plant availability, ranging from 70% to 100% available. Use of manures and composts requires extra considerations to reduce the risk of P loss from P sources to surface waters. Best management practices (BMPs) for reducing source P losses are incorporation of the manures or composts and timing applications to correspond to periods of low runoff risk based on climatic conditions. Organic production systems that use manures and composts as their primary N source should focus on minimizing P buildup in the soils and use of management practices that reduce the risks of P loss to surface waters. Evaluation of P loss risk with a P index will assist in identification of soil and management factors likely to contribute to high P loss as well as BMPs that can decrease P loss risks. BMPs should focus on controlling both particulate and dissolved P losses.

scholarly journals Vegetable Production Best Management Practices to Minimize Nutrient Loss

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.K. Hartz
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Best Management

Nutrient loss from commercial vegetable fields has become a significant environmental issue in all the major vegetable-producing regions of the United States. Growers are facing potentially disruptive regulations aimed at improving the quality of both surface and ground water. Significant improvement in nutrient management will be required to meet this regulatory challenge. This paper discusses five practical, low-cost nutrient best management practices (BMPs). These BMPs are widely applicable, relatively inexpensive to implement, and can dramatically reduce nitrogen and phosphorus loss from vegetable fields. However, even with careful application of these BMPs, runoff and leachate from vegetable fields may periodically exceed environmental water quality standards, which are very stringent.

scholarly journals Land Application of Biosolids in the USA: A Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Lu ◽  
Zhenli L. He ◽  
Peter J. Stoffella
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Potential Risks

Land application of biosolids has proven a cost-effective method of waste disposal by beneficially recycling organic matter and nutrients and improving soil quality; however, it may also pose potential threat to the environment and human health. The purpose of this paper is to provide information on recent research progresses and regulation efforts regarding land application of biosolids, including forms and types and nutrient values of biosolids, environmental and health concerns, and related best management practices (BMPs) of biosolids application, with emphasis on its land application in agriculture. More research and regulations are expected to minimize potential risks of biosolids land application, especially its long-term impacts.

Importance of diffuse pollution control in the Patzcuaro Lake Basin in Mexico

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 2179-2186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Mijangos Carro ◽  
Jorge Izurieta Dávila ◽  
Antonieta Gómez Balandra ◽  
Rubén Hernández López ◽  
Rubén Huerto Delgadillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Diffuse Pollution ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Critical Areas ◽  
Animal Farm

In the catchment area of the Lake Patzcuaro in Central Mexico (933 km2) the apportionments of erosion, sediment, nutrients and pathogen coming from thirteen micro basins were estimated with the purpose of identifying critical areas in which best management practices need to be implemented in order to reduce their contribution to the lake pollution and eutrophication. The ArcView Generalized Watershed Loading Functions model (AV-GWLF) was applied to estimate the loads and sources of nutrients. The main results show that the total annual contribution of nitrogen from point sources were 491 tons and from diffuse pollution 2,065 tons, whereas phosphorus loads where 116 and 236 tons, respectively during a thirty year simulation period. Micro basins with predominant agricultural and animal farm land use (56% of the total area) accounts for a high percentage of nitrogen load 33% and phosphorus 52%. On the other hand, Patzcuaro and Quiroga micro basins which comprise approximately 10% of the total catchment area and are the most populated and visited towns by tourist 686,000 people every year, both contributes with 10.1% of the total nitrogen load and 3.2% of phosphorus. In terms of point sources of nitrogen and phosphorus the last towns contribute with 23.5% and 26.6% respectively. Under this situation the adoption of best management practices are an imperative task since the sedimentation and pollution in the lake has increased dramatically in the last twenty years.

scholarly journals Watering Station Best Management Practices for Container Nurseries

EDIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Yeager
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Container Nurseries

Watering stations are specialized irrigation structures where plants are watered immediately after transplanting. Water not retained by the container substrate as well as water falling between containers becomes runoff. This runoff can contain sediment and nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, that can impact natural waters if not managed according to Best Management Practices (BMPs). The purpose of this new 3-page fact sheet is to provide examples of how runoff from watering stations at two nurseries was managed after implementation of the BMP. Written by Tom Yeager and published by the UF/IFAS Environmental Horticulture Department.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ep590

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document