scholarly journals Pinus halepensis regeneration after a wildfire in a semiarid environment: assessment using multitemporal Landsat images

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio M. Vicente-Serrano ◽  
Fernando Pérez-Cabello ◽  
Teodoro Lasanta
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Burn Severity ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Normalised Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Terrain Elevation

We studied the spatial and temporal patterns of forest regeneration using a 24-year time series of Landsat images and the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) in a homogeneous Pinus halepensis forest, 3000 ha of which were extensively burned in 1995. We demonstrated a progressive slow and linear recovery in NDVI values, based on Landsat images between 1997 and 2007. The forest tended to recover to pre-disturbance conditions, both with respect to the magnitude of the NDVI and in terms of the spatial pattern. We found that the spatial differences in the rates of NDVI recovery were not affected by the burn severity. Moreover, burn severity did not affect the rates of NDVI recovery after the fire. Although highly homogeneous P. halepensis regeneration was the dominant pattern in the study area (more than the 70% of the burn area showed positive and significant trends), some spatial differences in the magnitude of change were observed. The forest tended to recover the spatial pattern corresponding to pre-fire conditions, although it was difficult to establish whether terrain elevation or previous tree size and density were the main governing factors, given the strong relationship between them.

scholarly journals A MAP MASH-UP APPLICATION: INVESTIGATION THE TEMPORAL EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON SALT LAKE BASIN

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B4 ◽  
pp. 221-226
Author(s):  
O. S. Kirtiloglu ◽  
O. Orhan ◽  
S. Ekercin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Google Maps ◽  
Normalised Difference Vegetation Index

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate climate change effects that have been occurred at the beginning of the twenty-first century at the Konya Closed Basin (KCB) located in the semi-arid central Anatolian region of Turkey and particularly in Salt Lake region where many major wetlands located in and situated in KCB and to share the analysis results online in a Web Geographical Information System (GIS) environment. 71 Landsat 5-TM, 7-ETM+ and 8-OLI images and meteorological data obtained from 10 meteorological stations have been used at the scope of this work. 56 of Landsat images have been used for extraction of Salt Lake surface area through multi-temporal Landsat imagery collected from 2000 to 2014 in Salt lake basin. 15 of Landsat images have been used to make thematic maps of Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in KCB, and 10 meteorological stations data has been used to generate the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), which was used in drought studies. For the purpose of visualizing and sharing the results, a Web GIS-like environment has been established by using Google Maps and its useful data storage and manipulating product Fusion Tables which are all Google’s free of charge Web service elements. The infrastructure of web application includes HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript, Google Maps API V3 and Google Fusion Tables API technologies. These technologies make it possible to make effective “Map Mash-Ups” involving an embedded Google Map in a Web page, storing the spatial or tabular data in Fusion Tables and add this data as a map layer on embedded map. The analysing process and map mash-up application have been discussed in detail as the main sections of this paper.

Beyond Landsat: a comparison of four satellite sensors for detecting burn severity in ponderosa pine forests of the Gila Wilderness, NM, USA

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary A. Holden ◽  
Penelope Morgan ◽  
Alistair M. S. Smith ◽  
Lee Vierling
Keyword(s):  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Thermal Emission ◽  
Burn Severity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Ponderosa Pine Forests ◽  
Normalised Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Satellite Sensors ◽  
Gila Wilderness

Methods of remotely measuring burn severity are needed to evaluate the ecological and environmental impacts of large, remote wildland fires. The challenges that were associated with the Landsat program highlight the need to evaluate alternative sensors for characterising post-fire effects. We compared statistical correlations between 55 Composite Burn Index field plots and spectral indices from four satellite sensors varying in spatial and spectral resolution on the 2003 Dry Lakes Fire in the Gila Wilderness, NM. Where spectrally feasible, burn severity was evaluated using the differenced Enhanced Vegetation Index (dEVI), differenced Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (dNDVI) and the differenced Normalised Burn Ratio (dNBR). Both the dEVI derived from Quickbird and the dNBR derived from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) showed similar or slightly improved correlations over the dNBR derived from Landsat Thematic Mapper data (R2 = 0.82, 0.84, and 0.78 respectively). The relatively coarse resolution MODIS-derived NDVI image was weakly correlated with ground data (R2 = 0.38). Our results suggest that moderately high-resolution satellite sensors like Quickbird and ASTER have potential for providing accurate information about burn severity. Future research should develop stronger links between higher-resolution satellite data and burn severity across a range of environments.

scholarly journals A New Application of the Disturbance Index for Fire Severity in Coastal Dunes

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 4739
Author(s):  
Marcio D. DaSilva ◽  
David Bruce ◽  
Patrick A. Hesp ◽  
Graziela Miot da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Coastal Dune ◽  
Burn Severity ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Initiation Mechanism ◽  
Disturbance Index ◽  
Dune Systems ◽  
Normalised Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Vegetation Loss

Fires are a disturbance that can lead to short term dune destabilisation and have been suggested to be an initiation mechanism of a transgressive dune phase when paired with changing climatic conditions. Fire severity is one potential factor that could explain subsequent coastal dune destabilisations, but contemporary evidence of destabilisation following fire is lacking. In addition, the suitability of conventional satellite Earth Observation methods to detect the impacts of fire and the relative fire severity in coastal dune environments is in question. Widely applied satellite-derived burn indices (Normalised Burn Index and Normalised Difference Vegetation Index) have been suggested to underestimate the effects of fire in heterogenous landscapes or areas with sparse vegetation cover. This work assesses burn severity from high resolution aerial and Sentinel 2 satellite imagery following the 2019/2020 Black Summer fires on Kangaroo Island in South Australia, to assess the efficacy of commonly used satellite indices, and validate a new method for assessing fire severity in coastal dune systems. The results presented here show that the widely applied burn indices derived from NBR differentially assess vegetation loss and fire severity when compared in discrete soil groups across a landscape that experienced a very high severity fire. A new application of the Tasselled Cap Transformation (TCT) and Disturbance Index (DI) is presented. The differenced Disturbance Index (dDI) improves the estimation of burn severity, relative vegetation loss, and minimises the effects of differing soil conditions in the highly heterogenous landscape of Kangaroo Island. Results suggest that this new application of TCT is better suited to diverse environments like Mediterranean and semi-arid coastal regions than existing indices and can be used to better assess the effects of fire and potential remobilisation of coastal dune systems.

Time series of high-resolution images enhances efforts to monitor post-fire condition and recovery, Waldo Canyon fire, Colorado, USA

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie K. Vanderhoof ◽  
Clifton Burt ◽  
Todd J. Hawbaker
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Burn Severity ◽  
Vegetation Recovery ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Fire Condition ◽  
Normalised Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
High Resolution Images

Interpretations of post-fire condition and rates of vegetation recovery can influence management priorities, actions and perception of latent risks from landslides and floods. In this study, we used the Waldo Canyon fire (2012, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA) as a case study to explore how a time series (2011–2016) of high-resolution images can be used to delineate burn extent and severity, as well as quantify post-fire vegetation recovery. We applied an object-based approach to map burn severity and vegetation recovery using Worldview-2, Worldview-3 and QuickBird-2 imagery. The burned area was classified as 51% high, 20% moderate and 29% low burn-severity. Across the burn extent, the shrub cover class showed a rapid recovery, resprouting vigorously within 1 year, whereas 4 years post-fire, areas previously dominated by conifers were divided approximately equally between being classified as dominated by quaking aspen saplings with herbaceous species in the understorey or minimally recovered. Relative to using a pixel-based Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), our object-based approach showed higher rates of revegetation. High-resolution imagery can provide an effective means to monitor post-fire site conditions and complement more prevalent efforts with moderate- and coarse-resolution sensors.

Evaluating the factors responsible for post-fire water quality response in forests of the western USA

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley J. Rust ◽  
Samuel Saxe ◽  
John McCray ◽  
Charles C. Rhoades ◽  
Terri S. Hogue
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Phosphorus Loading ◽  
Burn Severity ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Western Us ◽  
Normalised Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Green Vegetation ◽  
Quality Response

Wildfires commonly increase nutrient, carbon, sediment and metal inputs to streams, yet the factors responsible for the type, magnitude and duration of water quality effects are poorly understood. Prior work by the current authors found increased nitrogen, phosphorus and cation exports were common the first 5 post-fire years from a synthesis of 159 wildfires across the western United States. In the current study, an analysis is undertaken to determine factors that best explain post-fire streamwater responses observed in those watersheds. Increased post-fire total nitrogen and phosphorus loading were proportional to the catchment extent of moderate and high burn severity. While post-fire dissolved metal concentrations were correlated with pre-fire soil organic matter. Total metal concentration increased where post-fire Normalised Difference Vegetation Index, a remote sensing indicator of live green vegetation, was low. When pre-fire soil field capacity exceeded 17%, there was a 750% median increase in total metals export to streams. Overall, the current analysis identified burn severity, post-fire vegetation cover and several soil properties as the key variables explaining extended post-fire water quality response across a broad range of conditions found in the western US.

scholarly journals Monitoring infestations of oak forests by Tortrix viridana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) using remote sensing

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 270-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gooshbor Leila ◽  
Bavaghar Mahtab Pir ◽  
Amanollahi Jamil ◽  
Ghobari Hamed
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Insect Herbivory ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Leaf Roller ◽  
Spectral Bands ◽  
Normalised Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Tortrix Viridana

We tested the suitability of Landsat images to track defoliation by insect herbivory with focus on the oak leaf roller, Tortrix viridana (Lep.: Tortricidae). Landsat images from the period before (2002) and after the T. viridana infestation (2007, 2014) were compared in oak forests of Zagros in western Iran. The Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was calculated for the test area from Landsat 5, 7, and 8 images. Because the red and near-infrared spectral bands of Landsat 8 OLI sensors are different from the other two, a model for the calibration of Landsat OLI NDVI was developed. The proposed model with a correlation coefficient of 0.928 and root mean square error of 0.05 turned out to be applicable and the NDVI decreased significantly during the observation period. Taking into account the protection status of the area and small fluctuations in temperature, the decrease in NDVI could be attributed to T. viridana damage.

scholarly journals A MAP MASH-UP APPLICATION: INVESTIGATION THE TEMPORAL EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON SALT LAKE BASIN

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B4 ◽  
pp. 221-226
Author(s):  
O. S. Kirtiloglu ◽  
O. Orhan ◽  
S. Ekercin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Google Maps ◽  
Normalised Difference Vegetation Index

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate climate change effects that have been occurred at the beginning of the twenty-first century at the Konya Closed Basin (KCB) located in the semi-arid central Anatolian region of Turkey and particularly in Salt Lake region where many major wetlands located in and situated in KCB and to share the analysis results online in a Web Geographical Information System (GIS) environment. 71 Landsat 5-TM, 7-ETM+ and 8-OLI images and meteorological data obtained from 10 meteorological stations have been used at the scope of this work. 56 of Landsat images have been used for extraction of Salt Lake surface area through multi-temporal Landsat imagery collected from 2000 to 2014 in Salt lake basin. 15 of Landsat images have been used to make thematic maps of Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in KCB, and 10 meteorological stations data has been used to generate the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), which was used in drought studies. For the purpose of visualizing and sharing the results, a Web GIS-like environment has been established by using Google Maps and its useful data storage and manipulating product Fusion Tables which are all Google’s free of charge Web service elements. The infrastructure of web application includes HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript, Google Maps API V3 and Google Fusion Tables API technologies. These technologies make it possible to make effective “Map Mash-Ups” involving an embedded Google Map in a Web page, storing the spatial or tabular data in Fusion Tables and add this data as a map layer on embedded map. The analysing process and map mash-up application have been discussed in detail as the main sections of this paper.

scholarly journals Evaluating Landsat Thematic Mapper spectral indices for estimating burn severity of the 2007 Peloponnese wildfires in Greece

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sander Veraverbeke ◽  
Willem W. Verstraeten ◽  
Stefaan Lhermitte ◽  
Rudi Goossens
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Thematic Mapper ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Burn Severity ◽  
Landsat Thematic Mapper ◽  
Spectral Indices ◽  
Moisture Index ◽  
Normalised Difference Vegetation Index

A vast area (more than 100 000 ha) of forest, shrubs and agricultural land burned on the Peloponnese peninsula in Greece during the 2007 summer. Three pre- and post-fire differenced Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM)-derived spectral indices were correlated with field data of burn severity for these devastating fires. These spectral indices were the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the Normalised Difference Moisture Index (NDMI) and the Normalised Burn Ratio (NBR). The field data consist of 160 Geo Composite Burn Index (GeoCBI) plots. In addition, indices were evaluated in terms of optimality. The optimality statistic is a measure for the index’s sensitivity to fire-induced vegetation depletion. Results show that the GeoCBI–dNBR (differenced NBR) approach yields a moderately high R2 = 0.65 whereas the correlation between field data and the differenced NDMI (dNDMI) and the differenced NDVI (dNDVI) was clearly lower (respectively R2 = 0.50 and R2 = 0.46). The dNBR also outperformed the dNDMI and dNDVI in terms of optimality. The resulting median dNBR optimality equalled 0.51 whereas the median dNDMI and dNDVI optimality values were respectively 0.50 and 0.40 (differences significant for P < 0.001). However, inaccuracies observed in the spectral indices approach indicate that there is room for improvement. This could imply improved preprocessing, revised index design or alternative methods.

scholarly journals Urban Fire Severity and Vegetation Dynamics in Southern California

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Lauren E. H. Mathews ◽  
Alicia M. Kinoshita
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Burn Severity ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Riparian Areas ◽  
The Impact

A combination of satellite image indices and in-field observations was used to investigate the impact of fuel conditions, fire behavior, and vegetation regrowth patterns, altered by invasive riparian vegetation. Satellite image metrics, differenced normalized burn severity (dNBR) and differenced normalized difference vegetation index (dNDVI), were approximated for non-native, riparian, or upland vegetation for traditional timeframes (0-, 1-, and 3-years) after eleven urban fires across a spectrum of invasive vegetation cover. Larger burn severity and loss of green canopy (NDVI) was detected for riparian areas compared to the uplands. The presence of invasive vegetation affected the distribution of burn severity and canopy loss detected within each fire. Fires with native vegetation cover had a higher severity and resulted in larger immediate loss of canopy than fires with substantial amounts of non-native vegetation. The lower burn severity observed 1–3 years after the fires with non-native vegetation suggests a rapid regrowth of non-native grasses, resulting in a smaller measured canopy loss relative to native vegetation immediately after fire. This observed fire pattern favors the life cycle and perpetuation of many opportunistic grasses within urban riparian areas. This research builds upon our current knowledge of wildfire recovery processes and highlights the unique challenges of remotely assessing vegetation biophysical status within urban Mediterranean riverine systems.

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