Minority households’ willingness to pay for public and private wildfire risk reduction in Florida

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando González-Cabán ◽  
José J. Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Cost Sharing ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Latent Class Model ◽  
Random Parameter ◽  
Cost Share ◽  
Wildfire Risk ◽  
Private And Public

The purpose of this work is to estimate willingness to pay (WTP) for minority (African-American and Hispanic) homeowners in Florida for private and public wildfire risk-reduction programs and also to test for differences in response between the two groups. A random parameter logit and latent class model allowed us to determine if there is a difference in wildfire mitigation program preferences, whether WTP is higher for public or private actions for wildfire risk reduction, and whether households with personal experience and who perceive that they live in higher-risk areas have significantly higher WTP. We also compare Florida minority homeowners’ WTP values with Florida original homeowners’ estimates. Results suggest that Florida minority homeowners are willing to invest in public programs, with African-Americans WTP values at a higher rate than Hispanics. In addition, the highest priority for cost-sharing funds would go to low-income homeowners, especially to cost-share private actions on their own land. These results may help fire managers optimise allocation of scarce cost-sharing funds for public v. private actions.

scholarly journals POSITIONING VIETNAM’S PANGASIUS CATFISH IN THE FRENCH MARKET USING DISCRETE CHOICE MODEL

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 96-111
Author(s):  
Thong Tien Nguyen ◽  
Hung Manh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Latent Class Model ◽  
Random Parameter ◽  
Discrete Choice Model ◽  
Class Model ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Random Parameter Model

The study used discrete choice model to investigate the position of Vietnam’s Pangasius catfish in the French market. Data was collected via a choice experiment designed for 12 aquaculture species familiar to French consumers. The random parameter model was estimated and used to calculate the share elasticity. The market position of the aquaculture products in this study was calculated based on the competitive clout, vulnerability scores, and ranked-order implicit values. The results show that Vietnam’s Pangasius has a low competitive clout, high vulnarability score, and low ranked-order implicit value. A latent class model was also estimated for comparison and acquisition of additional information. A strong segment of Pangasius (11.9%) is described by low income and education consumers, women at mid-age dominated, and family with children. To improve the Pangasius position and image in the international market, Vietnam needs promotional and marketing campaigns at global level for the product.

Consumer preference for wine from hand-harvested grapes

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (8) ◽  
pp. 2551-2567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Dominici ◽  
Fabio Boncinelli ◽  
Francesca Gerini ◽  
Enrico Marone
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Latent Class Model ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Random Parameter ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Organic Certification ◽  
Taste Heterogeneity ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate preferences for wine made from hand-harvested grapes, and the interactive effect between this attribute and organic certification. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected via an online choice experiment involving a sample of 408 Italian wine consumers. A random parameter logit was performed to estimate consumer preferences for wine attributes: harvest type, organic and the interaction between these. The experiment also includes geographical indications and price. Furthermore, a latent class model (LCM) is performed to investigate taste heterogeneity for the included wine attributes. Findings On average, consumers prefer the wine produced with hand-harvested grapes. The hypothesis of an interaction between organic and hand-harvested attributes is rejected. Using the LCM, the authors identify three segments with significant taste heterogeneity in terms of the magnitude and the sign of the parameters. Moreover, consumer attitudes towards food naturalness differ according to their belonging to the segments. Originality/value The novelty of this article is twofold. First, this study investigates, for the first time, the impact of the hand-harvested method on consumer wine preferences. Second, hand-harvesting and organic have independent values.

scholarly journals Consumer Preference and Willingness to Pay for Azaleas: Effect of State Labeling and Various Types of Retail Outlets

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 1026-1030
Author(s):  
Madiha Zaffou ◽  
Benjamin L. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Latent Class Model ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Class Model ◽  
Home Improvement ◽  
Retail Outlets ◽  
Locally Grown ◽  
The Impact

Over the last decade, there has been a move by many consumers to purchase locally grown products. Many studies have focused on food with limited studies examining plants. Using an online survey of Connecticut residents in conjunction with a choice experiment, we examine the impact of various attributes (e.g., local labeling, retail outlet, color, bloom, and price) on preference and willingness to pay (WTP) for azaleas. Results of the latent class model (LCM) indicate that only one of the latent classes, ≈43% of the sample, valued local labeling. Furthermore, the same class that valued local also preferred a nursery/greenhouse outlet over a home improvement center/mass merchandiser. Recommendations for the different retail outlets are given based on the results.

scholarly journals Establishment and Application of an Evaluation Model for Orchid Island Sustainable Tourism Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han-Shen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Latent Class Model ◽  
Random Parameter ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Ecological Resources ◽  
Flying Fish ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Orchid Island

Global warming and climate change increase the likelihood of weather-related natural disasters that threaten ecosystems and consequently affect the tourism industry which thrives on the natural attributes of island regions. Orchid Island, the study area, is home to the Yami (Tao) tribe—the only indigenous people of Taiwan with a marine culture. The island possesses rich geological and topographical features (such as coral reefs) and distinctive biological and ecological resources (such as the green sea turtle, flying fish, and Orchid Island scops owl), and organizes traditional festivals and activities (such as the flying fish festival) as well as tribal tourism activities. These factors contribute to its immense potential to become the new tourism hotspot. To study the factors enhancing tourist experiences, a random utility model was constructed using a choice experiment method (CEM) for the tourist resort on Orchid Island. The study results demonstrated that: (1) Limiting tourists to 600/day; employing professional tour guides; providing better recreational facilities; introducing additional experience-enhancing activities; and lowering contributions towards the professional ecosystem conservation trust fund will improve the overall effectiveness of attracting tourists to Orchid Island. The evaluation results from both conditional logit and random parameter logit models were similar; (2) the analysis results from the latent class model demonstrated that island tourism has significant market segmentation. The socioeconomic backgrounds of tourists, their experiences, and their preferences exhibit heterogeneity, with significant differences in willingness to pay for island tourism.

Are Low-Income Consumers Willing to Pay for Fortification of a Commercially Produced Yogurt in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Agnew ◽  
Spencer Henson ◽  
Ying Cao
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Random Parameter ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Rural Bangladesh ◽  
Low Income Households

Background: There is an active debate over the potential for market-based strategies to address micronutrient deficiencies in low- and middle-income countries. However, there are questions over the viability of market-based strategies, reflecting limited evidence on the value that low-income households attach to the nutritional attributes of processed foods. Objective: The objective of this article is to investigate the willingness to pay of primary food purchasers in low-income households in rural Bangladesh for Shokti+, a nutritionally fortified yogurt produced and distributed by Grameen Danone Foods Limited. Methods: A real choice experiment with economic incentives was conducted with 1000 rural food purchasers sampled from the distribution area of Shokti+ in rural Bangladesh. The choices of respondents revealed attribute nonattendance, favoring the fortification attribute over price. Results: Results from a random parameter logit model found that respondents were willing to pay an average of 18 BDT (US$0.22) for fortification and 6 BDT (US$0.073) for brand name. The market price for Shokti+ at the time of the study was 10 BDT (US$0.12). The results from a random effects model suggest the magnitude of willingness to pay for fortification was primarily driven by the nutritional awareness of respondents but offset by household food insecurity. Conclusions: The article concludes that, while there is a viable market for fortified yogurt in rural Bangladesh, efforts to promote this product as a strategy to address micronutrient deficiency are best targeted at low-income households with some capacity to pay for low priced commercially produced foods.

scholarly journals Cost shared wildfire risk mitigation in Log Hill Mesa, Colorado: survey evidence on participation and willingness to pay

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 567 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Meldrum ◽  
Patricia A. Champ ◽  
Travis Warziniack ◽  
Hannah Brenkert-Smith ◽  
Christopher M. Barth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Cost Sharing ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Wildfire Risk ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Visual Impacts ◽  
The Cost

Wildland–urban interface (WUI) homeowners who do not mitigate the wildfire risk on their properties impose a negative externality on society. To reduce the social costs of wildfire and incentivise homeowners to take action, cost sharing programs seek to reduce the barriers that impede wildfire risk mitigation. Using survey data from a WUI community in western Colorado and a two-stage decision framework, we examine residents’ willingness to participate in a cost sharing program for removing vegetation on their properties and the amount they are willing to contribute to the cost of that removal. We find that different factors motivate decisions about participation and about how much to pay. Willingness to participate correlates with both financial and non-monetary considerations, including informational barriers and wildfire risk perceptions, but not with concerns about effectiveness or visual impacts. Residents of properties with higher wildfire risk levels are less likely to participate in the cost sharing than those with lower levels of wildfire risk. We find widespread, positive willingness to pay for vegetation removal, with the amount associated negatively with property size and positively with respondent income. These results can inform the development of cost sharing programs to encourage wildfire risk mitigation on private property.

scholarly journals Identifying Dietary Consumption Patterns from Survey Data: a Bayesian Nonparametric Latent Class Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Briana Joy Kennedy Stephenson ◽  
Francesca Dominici
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Latent Class Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sampling Weights ◽  
Class Model ◽  
The Impact

Dietary intake is one of the largest contributing factors to cardiovascular health in the United States. Amongst low-income adults, the impact is even more devastating.Dietary assessments, such as 24-hour recalls, provide snapshots of dietary habits in a study population. Questions remain on how generalizable those snapshots are in nationally representative survey data, where certain subgroups are sampled disproportionately to comprehensively examine the population. Many of the models that derive dietary patterns account for study design by incorporating the sampling weights to the derived model parameter estimates post hoc. We propose a Bayesian overfitted latent class model that accounts for survey design and sampling variability to derive dietary patterns in adults aged 20 and older. We compare these results with a subset of the population, adults considered low-income (at or below the 130% poverty income threshold) to understand if and how these patterns generalize in a smaller subpopulation. Using dietary intake data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, we identified six dietary patterns in the US adult population. These differed in consumption features found in the five dietary patterns derived in low-income adults. Reproducible code/data are provided on GitHub to encourage further research and application in this area.

Consumer willingness to pay for quality attributes of fresh seafood: A labeled latent class model

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 225-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thong Tien Nguyen ◽  
Wolfgang Haider ◽  
Hans Stubbe Solgaard ◽  
Lars Ravn-Jonsen ◽  
Eva Roth
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Latent Class Model ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Class Model

scholarly journals Assessing the Heterogeneity of Consumers’ Preferences for Corporate Social Responsibility Using the Best–Worst Scaling Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makiko Nakano ◽  
Takahiro Tsuge
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Latent Class Model ◽  
Random Parameter ◽  
Preference Heterogeneity ◽  
Immediate Recall ◽  
Best Worst Scaling ◽  
Corporate Social

The promotion of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is important for achieving sustainability. The interest of stakeholders is one factor promoting CSR activities. Consumers are one of the major stakeholders. The aim of this study is to quantify Japanese consumers’ preference for 13 CSR activities using the best–worst scaling (BWS) approach. We conducted an online survey in February 2015 and 633 individuals responded. Counting analysis and econometric analysis were used to analyze the BWS data. The results of the counting and MaxDiff analyses show that “Product safety and immediate recall in the case of defects” was identified as the most highly evaluated activity that makes respondents most strongly think that they want to buy a product from a company implementing the CSR activity. The results of the random parameter logit model and latent class model show preference heterogeneity. Some classes prioritize activities that do not generate a private benefit for them, such as environmental issues abroad and the working conditions of employees.

scholarly journals Are Consumers Willing to Pay a Premium for Pure Rice Noodles? A Study of Discrete Choice Experiments in Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 6144
Author(s):  
Yu-Hui Chen ◽  
Kai-Han Qiu ◽  
Kang Ernest Liu ◽  
Chun-Yuan Chiang
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Latent Class Model ◽  
Choice Experiments ◽  
Discrete Choice Experiments ◽  
Class Model

Most consumers in Taiwan have never eaten pure rice noodles (PRNs) and some may mistakenly treat corn starch-based rice noodles as PRNs. This study examines consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for PRNs using discrete choice (DC) experiments with a blind tasting test to understand consumers’ ability to identify PRNs with varying rice content on the basis of their appearance and taste. Collecting data from the Taipei metropolitan area, our DC experimental results of both pre- and post-experiment conditions show that Taiwanese consumers do prefer PRNs and their WTP for PRNs was strengthened. A latent class model highlights that attribute preferences tend to differ by group and thus rice content ratios should be properly labeled so that consumers can make a better choice according to their preferences. Our WTP estimates also imply that offering tasting trials to consumers is an effective marketing strategy to encourage potential purchases of PRNs for the rice noodle industry.

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