scholarly journals Impact of burn severity on soil properties in a Pinus pinaster ecosystem immediately after fire

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor Fernández-García ◽  
Elena Marcos ◽  
José Manuel Fernández-Guisuraga ◽  
Angela Taboada ◽  
Susana Suárez-Seoane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Pinus Pinaster ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Burn Severity ◽  
Available P ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
The Impact

We analyse the effects of burn severity on individual soil properties and soil quotients in Mediterranean fire-prone pine forests immediately after a wildfire. Burn severity was measured in the field through the substrate stratum of the Composite Burn Index and soil samples were taken 7–9 days after a wildfire occurred in a Pinus pinaster Ait. ecosystem. In each soil sample, we analysed physical (size of soil aggregates), chemical (pH, organic C, total N and available P) and biological (microbial biomass C, β-glucosidase, urease and acid phosphatase activities) properties. Size of aggregates decreased in the areas affected by high burn severity. Additionally, moderate and high severities were associated with increases in pH and available P concentration and with decreases in organic C concentration. Microbial biomass C showed similar patterns to organic C along the burn severity gradient. The enzymatic activities of phosphatase and β-glucosidase showed the highest sensitivity to burn severity, as they strongly decreased from the low-severity scenarios. Among the studied soil quotients, the C:N ratio, microbial quotient and β-glucosidase:microbial biomass C quotient decreased with burn severity. This work provides valuable information on the impact of burn severity on the functioning of sandy siliceous soils in fire-prone pine ecosystems.

Seasonal trends in selected soil biochemical attributes: Effects of crop rotation in the semiarid prairie

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Campbell ◽  
V. O. Biederbeck ◽  
G. Wen ◽  
R. P. Zentner ◽  
J. Schoenau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Light Fraction ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Weather Variables ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
C And N

Measurements of seasonal changes in soil biochemical attributes can provide valuable information on how crop management and weather variables influence soil quality. We sampled soil from the 0- to 7.5-cm depth of two long-term crop rotations [continuous wheat (Cont W) and both phases of fallow-wheat (F–W)] at Swift Current, Saskatchewan, from early May to mid-October, 11 times in 1995 and 9 times in 1996. The soil is a silt loam, Orthic Brown Chernozem with pH 6.0, in dilute CaCl2. We monitored changes in organic C (OC) and total N (TN), microbial biomass C (MBC), light fraction C and N (LFC and LFN), mineralizable C (Cmin) and N (Nmin), and water-soluble organic C (WSOC). All biochemical attributes, except MBC, showed higher values for Cont W than for F–W, reflecting the historically higher crop residue inputs, less frequent tillage, and drier conditions of Cont W. Based on the seasonal mean values for 1996, we concluded that, after 29 yr, F–W has degraded soil organic C and total N by about 15% compared to Cont W. In the same period it has degraded the labile attributes, except MBC, much more. For example, WSOC is degraded by 22%, Cmin and Nmin by 45% and LFC and LFN by 60–75%. Organic C and TN were constant during the season because one year's C and N inputs are small compared to the total soil C or N. All the labile attributes varied markedly throughout the seasons. We explained most of the seasonal variability in soil biochemical attributes in terms of C and N inputs from crop residues and rhizodeposition, and the influences of soil moisture, precipitation and temperature. Using multiple regression, we related the biochemical attributes to soil moisture and the weather variables, accounting for 20% of the variability in MBC, 27% of that of Nmin, 29% for LFC, 52% for Cmin, and 66% for WSOC. In all cases the biochemical attributes were negatively related to precipitation, soil moisture, temperature and their interactions. We interpreted this to mean that conditions favouring decomposition of organic matter in situ result in decreases in these attributes when they are measured subsequently under laboratory conditions. We concluded that when assessing changes in OC or TN over years, measurements can be made at any time during a year. However, if assessing changes in the labile soil attributes, several measurements should be made during a season or, measurements be made near the same time each year. Key words: Microbial biomass, carbon, nitrogen, mineralization, water-soluble-C, light fraction, weather variables

Soil properties following long-term application of stockpiled feedlot manure containing straw or wood-chip bedding under barley silage production

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Miller ◽  
B. W. Beasley ◽  
C. F. Drury ◽  
X. Hao ◽  
F. J. Larney
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Wood Chip ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Bedding Material ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Silage Production ◽  
Total Organic C

Miller, J. J., Beasley, B. W., Drury, C. F., Hao, X. and Larney, F. J. 2014. Soil properties following long-term application of stockpiled feedlot manure containing straw or wood-chip bedding under barley silage production. Can. J. Soil Sci. 94: 389–402. The influence of long-term land application of stockpiled feedlot manure (SM) containing either wood-chip (SM-WD) or straw (SM-ST) bedding on soil properties during the barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) silage growing season is unknown. The main objective of our study was determine the effect of bedding material in stockpiled manure (i.e., SM-WD vs. SM-ST) on certain soil properties. A secondary objective was to determine if organic amendments affected certain soil properties compared with unamended soil. Stockpiled feedlot manure with SM-WD or SM-ST bedding at 77 Mg (dry wt) ha−1 yr−1 was annually applied for 13 to 14 yr to a clay loam soil in a replicated field experiment in southern Alberta. There was also an unamended control. Soil properties were measured every 2 wk during the 2011 and 2012 growing season. Properties included water-filled pore space (WFPS), total organic C and total N, NH4-N and NO3-N, water-soluble non-purgeable organic C (NPOC), water-soluble total N (WSTN), denitrification (acetylene inhibition method), and CO2 flux. The most consistent and significant (P≤0.05) bedding effects on soil properties in both years occurred for total organic C, C:N ratio, and WSTN. Total organic C and C:N ratio were generally greater for SM-WD than SM-ST, and the reverse trend occurred for WSTN. Bedding effects on other soil properties (WFPS, NH4-N, NO3-N, NPOC) occurred in 2012, but not in 2011. Total N, daily denitrification, and daily CO2 flux were generally unaffected by bedding material. Mean daily denitrification fluxes ranged from 0.9 to 1078 g N2O-N ha−1 d−1 for SM-ST, 0.8 to 326 g N2O-N ha−1 d−1 for SM-WD, and 0.6 to 250 g N2O-N ha−1 d−1 for the CON. Mean daily CO2 fluxes ranged from 5.3 to 43.4 kg CO2-C ha−1 d−1 for SM-WD, 5.5 to 26.0 kg CO2-C ha−1 d−1 for SM-ST, and from 0.5 to 6.8 kg CO2-C ha−1 d−1 for the CON. The findings from our study suggest that bedding material in feedlot manure may be a possible method to manage certain soil properties.

Effect of phosphorus, farmyard manure and nitrogen on some soil properties in a soya bean-maize sequence

1986 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-559
Author(s):  
P. M. Nimje ◽  
Jagdish Seth
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Available P ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Phosphorus Application ◽  
Water Holding

SUMMARYThe effects of applying phosphorus, farmyard manure (FYM) and nitrogen on some soil properties were studied at the end of 2 years of field experimentation at New Delhi, India. Each year a crop of soya bean sown in the rainy season received phosphorus and farmyard manure and maize sown in winter received nitrogen fertilizer. Phosphorus was applied to soya bean at 0, 40 and 80 kg P2O5/ha, farmyard manure at 0 and 15 t/ha and nitrogen to maize at 0, 60 and 120 kg N/ha. Phosphorus application increased organic C, total N and available P status of the soil. It also improved bulk density and water-holding capacity of the soil. Farmyard manure increased organic C, total N, available P and K and pH of the soil, but decreased EC and bulk density of the soil. Water-holding capacity of the soil was increased by FYM. N fertilizer increased organic C and total N only.

scholarly journals Recovery of Forest Soil Chemical Properties Following Soil Rehabilitation Treatments

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megdad Jourgholami ◽  
Somayeh Khajavi ◽  
Eric R. Labelle
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Water Diversion ◽  
Available P ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Available Nutrients ◽  
Diversion Structure

Several rehabilitation treatments have been applied to mitigate runoff and sediment in machine trafficked areas following logging operations, while the knowledge on the consequence of these remediation techniques on the recovery of soil properties remains scarce. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of different rehabilitation treatments including sawdust mulch (SM), water diversion structure (WDS), untreated/bare trail (U), and undisturbed or control area (UND) on the recovery of soil chemical properties over a six-year period after machine-induced compaction occurred on three longitudinal trail gradients (10, 20, and 30 %).In each treatment, the following soil properties were measured: litter thickness, pH, EC, soil organic C, total N, and available P, K, Ca, and Mg. Five sampling plots (with 10 m length and 4 m width) were positioned in each trail gradient classes and three of these plots were randomly considered for soil sampling.The results demonstrate that litter thickness differed among the three treatments, with the highest amount present on the UND area and lowest on the U treatment. Meanwhile, the highest pH (6.75), EC (0.21 Ds m−1), N (0.27 %), available P (14.61 mg kg−1), available K (123.5 mg kg−1), available Ca (135.1 mg kg−1), and available Mg (42.1 mg kg−1) and the lowest C (1.21 %) and C/N ratio (7.83 %) were found on the SM with gradient of 10 % compared to other gradient classes on SM, WDS and, U treatments. The recovery value of litter depth, pH, EC, C, N, C/N ratio, and available nutrients (P, K, Ca, and Mg) were higher on the SM than the WDS at the gradient of 10 %, while significantly higher levels of these variables were measured under WDS installed on trail gradients of 30 % and 20 % when compared with the same gradients on SM. Results of the study revealed that soil chemical properties showed some evidence of recovery following SM and WDS rehabilitation treatments compared to U, although these properties did not fully recover within 6 years as compared to UND area.

scholarly journals Carbon, Nitrogen Dynamics and CO2 Efflux in the Calcareous Sandy Loam Soil Treated with Chemically Modified Organic Amendments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mohammed-Nour ◽  
Mohamed Al-Sewailem ◽  
Ahmed H. El-Naggar ◽  
Mohamed Hamza ◽  
Anwar A. Aly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Loam Soil

Although carbon (C) efflux from soils treated with organic wastes was widely covered in temperate and cold regions, still such data is not sufficient from arid and semi-arid regions. Saudi Arabia produces more than 335,000 tons/year of cow manure (CM), this CM either left as raw manure or being composted. The application of high C/N amendments is expected to increase soil organic carbon and reduce CO2 fluxes. A 90-day incubation experiment was conducted to study CO2 efflux, organic C microbial biomass C, available NH4+and NO3-when added to agricultural soil. Six manure types were added: cow manure, cow manure compost, cow manure biochar, cow manure stripped ammonia at pH 12 with a temperature of 95oC, cow manure stripped ammonia at pH 9 with a temperature of 95oC and control. The application of CM resulted in a considerable increase in soil available nitrogen, CO2 efflux compared to other treatments. Cow manure biochar showed the lowest CO2 efflux. Cumulative CO2 effluxes of cow manure effluents were lower than CM this possibly due to the relatively high C:N ratio of manure effluent. The content of, P, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn were decreased as incubation time increased. microbial biomass C of cow manure stripped ammonia at pH 12 with a temperature of 95oC were increased at 7 and 60 days illustrating to temperature effect on the decomposing of manure materials.

scholarly journals Relative contribution of plant traits and soil properties to the functioning of a temperate forest ecosystem in the Indian Himalayas

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Rawat ◽  
Kusum Arunachalam ◽  
Ayyandar Arunachalam ◽  
Juha Alatalo ◽  
Ujjwal Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Leaf N

Plant-soil interactions are a major determinant of changes in forest ecosystem processes and functioning. We conducted a trait-based study to quantify the contribution of plant traits and soil properties to above- and below-ground ecosystem properties in temperate forest in the Indian Himalayas. Nine plant traits (leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf water content, leaf dry matter content, leaf carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), leaf C/N, and leaf N/P) and eight soil properties (pH, moisture, available N, P, potassium (K), total C, N, P) were selected for determination of their contribution to major ecosystem processes (above-ground biomass C, soil organic C, soil microbial biomass C, N, and P, and soil respiration) in temperate forest. Among the plant traits studied, leaf C, N, P, and leaf N/P ratio proved to be the main contributors to above-ground biomass, explaining 20-27% of variation. Leaf N, P, and leaf N/P were the main contributors to below-ground soil organic C, soil microbial biomass C, N, and P, and soil respiration (explaining 33% of variation). Together, the soil properties pH, available P, total N and C explained 60% of variation in above-ground biomass, while pH and total C explained 56% of variation in soil organic C. Other soil properties (available P, total C and N) also explained much of the variation in soil microbial biomass C (52%) and N (67%), while soil pH explained some of variation in soil microbial biomass N (14%). Available P, total N, and pH explained soil microbial biomass P (81%), while soil respiration was only explained by soil total C (70%). Thusleaf traits and soil characteristics make a significant contribution to explaining variations in above- and below-ground ecosystem processes and functioning in temperate forest in the Indian Himalayas. Consequently, tree species for afforestation, restoration, and commercial forestryshould be carefully selected, as they can influence the climate change mitigation potential of forest in terms of C stocks in biomass and soils.

scholarly journals Carbon Organic Content under Organic and Conventional Paddy Field and its Effect on Biological Activities (A Case Study in Pati Regency, Indonesia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Supriyadi Supriyadi ◽  
Melja Karni Pratiwi ◽  
Slamet Minardi ◽  
Nanda Lintang Prastiyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C

The low organic matter content of paddy soils impacts the declining quality of land. Without the efforts to enrich the soil organic matter (SOM) content, the productivity of paddy fields will decrease or the need for inorganic fertilizers will increase to reach the level of yield. The present research aims to determine the effect of differences in organic and conventional paddy fields management practices on soil organic carbon (SOC) content and biological activities. The research was conducted from July to September 2018 on organic and conventional paddy fields in Dukuhseti Sub-district, Pati Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. Sampling points were taken from six organic samples in the organic paddy fields while the other six samples were taken from conventional paddy fields. The variables observed in this research were organic C, pH, total N soil, total bacterial colonies, soil respiration and microbial biomass C. The results show that the organic C content in the organic paddy field (2.4%) was higher than that of the conventional paddy field (1.8%). The C content of organic paddy fields increased by 0.6%. The differences of the total bacterial colonies, soil respiration and microbial biomass C between organic paddy fields and conventional paddy fields were 11.5 CFU g<sup>-1</sup>, 7.42 mg CO<sub>2</sub> week<sup>-1</sup> and 0.51 µg g<sup>-1</sup>, respectively, because the use of organic farming systems could improve the biological nature of soils and caused biological activity in organic paddy fields to have the highest value compared to conventional paddy fields.

scholarly journals Assessment of Microbial Biomass Carbon and Nitrogen in Some Tea Soils of Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
SM Abdur Rahman ◽  
ARM Solaiman
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Biomass N ◽  
C And N ◽  
Tea Garden

Microbial biomass carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) and their contribution to soil organic carbon and total N contents were assessed in soils collected from Bilashchara Tea Estate under Bangladesh Tea Research Institute (BTRI), Srimangal of Moulavibazar district, and Sripur Tea Garden under Jaintapur of Sylhet district. Microbial biomass C and N in Bila shchara Tea Estate soils varied from 90.4-144.0 and 20.5-29.0 mg/kg soil, and that of Sripur Tea Garden soils varied from 120.7-362.0 and 26.6-59.5 mg/kg soil, respectively. Within the two tea growing areas biomass C/N ratios ranged from 3.35-6.12. Relationships between biomass C and organic carbon and biomass N and total N were positively correlated. The contribution of biomass C to soil organic C was 1.23%, ranging from 0.9-1.55% and the contribution of biomass N to total N content of the soils ranged from 1.19-2.89%. Keywords: Biomass carbon (C); Biomass nitrogen (N); Organic C; Total N; Tea soilDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v25i1.4850 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 25, Number 1, June 2008, pp 21-25

Irrigation of an allophanic soil with dairy factory effluent for 22 years: responses of nutrient storage and soil biota

Soil Research ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. Degens ◽  
L. A. Schipper ◽  
J. J. Claydon ◽  
J. M. Russell ◽  
G. W. Yeates
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Nutrient Distribution ◽  
Respiration Activity ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Total P ◽  
Allophanic Soil ◽  
Dairy Factory Effluent

Long-term application of wastewater adds large amounts of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) to soils, and their effects on soil quality are not fully known. We compared the distribution of C, N, P, and Olsen P in the top 0.75 m of an allophanic soil after 22 years irrigation with dairy factory effluent with that in a non-irrigated soil. Earthworm species, biomass and distribution, microbial biomass, microbial activity, and relative use of substrates were measured to evaluate the contribution of biological processes to cycling and redistribution of total C. Total C did not differ between irrigated and non- irrigated soil, although there was less total C in the 0–0.1 m layer and more total C at 0.1–0.5 m in the effluent-irrigated soil. Microbial biomass C and basal respiration activity were increased by 4- and 1.6- fold, respectively, in the 0–0.1 m layer of the irrigated soil. Measurements of relative use of substrates indicated that the greater microbial biomass in the effluent-irrigated soil was supported by the inputs of available C (particularly lactose) in the effluent rather than by greater decomposition of the organic C in the soil. Irrigation increased total N storage by 2.1 t/ha and total P was increased by 11.5 t/ha. Most of the increase in total N occurred in the 0.1–0.5 m layers, whereas total P was greater at all depths. Olsen P also increased at all depths by 1.3- to 23-fold. Approximately 8% of the N and 91% of the P applied during the past 22 years was stored in the 0–0.75 m layer of the profile, with the potential for further P storage. Effluent irrigation increased the total soil nutrient stores, without detrimental effects on total C storage. Changes in nutrient distribution at the irrigated site can be partially attributed to leaching and the dominance (155 g/m2 ) of the earthworm Aporrectodea longa, which forms permanent burrows to lower depths.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document