Irrigation of an allophanic soil with dairy factory effluent for 22 years: responses of nutrient storage and soil biota

Soil Research ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. Degens ◽  
L. A. Schipper ◽  
J. J. Claydon ◽  
J. M. Russell ◽  
G. W. Yeates
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Nutrient Distribution ◽  
Respiration Activity ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Total P ◽  
Allophanic Soil ◽  
Dairy Factory Effluent

Long-term application of wastewater adds large amounts of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) to soils, and their effects on soil quality are not fully known. We compared the distribution of C, N, P, and Olsen P in the top 0.75 m of an allophanic soil after 22 years irrigation with dairy factory effluent with that in a non-irrigated soil. Earthworm species, biomass and distribution, microbial biomass, microbial activity, and relative use of substrates were measured to evaluate the contribution of biological processes to cycling and redistribution of total C. Total C did not differ between irrigated and non- irrigated soil, although there was less total C in the 0–0.1 m layer and more total C at 0.1–0.5 m in the effluent-irrigated soil. Microbial biomass C and basal respiration activity were increased by 4- and 1.6- fold, respectively, in the 0–0.1 m layer of the irrigated soil. Measurements of relative use of substrates indicated that the greater microbial biomass in the effluent-irrigated soil was supported by the inputs of available C (particularly lactose) in the effluent rather than by greater decomposition of the organic C in the soil. Irrigation increased total N storage by 2.1 t/ha and total P was increased by 11.5 t/ha. Most of the increase in total N occurred in the 0.1–0.5 m layers, whereas total P was greater at all depths. Olsen P also increased at all depths by 1.3- to 23-fold. Approximately 8% of the N and 91% of the P applied during the past 22 years was stored in the 0–0.75 m layer of the profile, with the potential for further P storage. Effluent irrigation increased the total soil nutrient stores, without detrimental effects on total C storage. Changes in nutrient distribution at the irrigated site can be partially attributed to leaching and the dominance (155 g/m2 ) of the earthworm Aporrectodea longa, which forms permanent burrows to lower depths.

Seasonal trends in selected soil biochemical attributes: Effects of crop rotation in the semiarid prairie

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Campbell ◽  
V. O. Biederbeck ◽  
G. Wen ◽  
R. P. Zentner ◽  
J. Schoenau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Light Fraction ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Weather Variables ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
C And N

Measurements of seasonal changes in soil biochemical attributes can provide valuable information on how crop management and weather variables influence soil quality. We sampled soil from the 0- to 7.5-cm depth of two long-term crop rotations [continuous wheat (Cont W) and both phases of fallow-wheat (F–W)] at Swift Current, Saskatchewan, from early May to mid-October, 11 times in 1995 and 9 times in 1996. The soil is a silt loam, Orthic Brown Chernozem with pH 6.0, in dilute CaCl2. We monitored changes in organic C (OC) and total N (TN), microbial biomass C (MBC), light fraction C and N (LFC and LFN), mineralizable C (Cmin) and N (Nmin), and water-soluble organic C (WSOC). All biochemical attributes, except MBC, showed higher values for Cont W than for F–W, reflecting the historically higher crop residue inputs, less frequent tillage, and drier conditions of Cont W. Based on the seasonal mean values for 1996, we concluded that, after 29 yr, F–W has degraded soil organic C and total N by about 15% compared to Cont W. In the same period it has degraded the labile attributes, except MBC, much more. For example, WSOC is degraded by 22%, Cmin and Nmin by 45% and LFC and LFN by 60–75%. Organic C and TN were constant during the season because one year's C and N inputs are small compared to the total soil C or N. All the labile attributes varied markedly throughout the seasons. We explained most of the seasonal variability in soil biochemical attributes in terms of C and N inputs from crop residues and rhizodeposition, and the influences of soil moisture, precipitation and temperature. Using multiple regression, we related the biochemical attributes to soil moisture and the weather variables, accounting for 20% of the variability in MBC, 27% of that of Nmin, 29% for LFC, 52% for Cmin, and 66% for WSOC. In all cases the biochemical attributes were negatively related to precipitation, soil moisture, temperature and their interactions. We interpreted this to mean that conditions favouring decomposition of organic matter in situ result in decreases in these attributes when they are measured subsequently under laboratory conditions. We concluded that when assessing changes in OC or TN over years, measurements can be made at any time during a year. However, if assessing changes in the labile soil attributes, several measurements should be made during a season or, measurements be made near the same time each year. Key words: Microbial biomass, carbon, nitrogen, mineralization, water-soluble-C, light fraction, weather variables

scholarly journals Climatic, Edaphic and Biotic Controls over Soil δ13C and δ15N in Temperate Grasslands

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 433
Author(s):  
Xing Zhao ◽  
Xingliang Xu ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
Isabel Greenberg ◽  
Min Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Microbial Biomass N ◽  
Temperate Grasslands ◽  
Total N ◽  
Δ13c And Δ15n ◽  
Biomass N ◽  
Soil Δ15n ◽  
Total P

Soils δ13C and δ15N are now regarded as useful indicators of nitrogen (N) status and dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC). Numerous studies have explored the effects of various factors on soils δ13C and δ15N in terrestrial ecosystems on different scales, but it remains unclear how co-varying climatic, edaphic and biotic factors independently contribute to the variation in soil δ13C and δ15N in temperate grasslands on a large scale. To answer the above question, a large-scale soil collection was carried out along a vegetation transect across the temperate grasslands of Inner Mongolia. We found that mean annual precipitation (MAP) and mean annual temperature (MAT) do not correlate with soil δ15N along the transect, while soil δ13C linearly decreased with MAP and MAT. Soil δ15N logarithmically increased with concentrations of SOC, total N and total P. By comparison, soil δ13C linearly decreased with SOC, total N and total P. Soil δ15N logarithmically increased with microbial biomass C and microbial biomass N, while soil δ13C linearly decreased with microbial biomass C and microbial biomass N. Plant belowground biomass linearly increased with soil δ15N but decreased with soil δ13C. Soil δ15N decreased with soil δ13C along the transect. Multiple linear regressions showed that biotic and edaphic factors such as microbial biomass C and total N exert more effect on soil δ15N, whereas climatic and edaphic factors such as MAT and total P have more impact on soil δ13C. These findings show that soil C and N cycles in temperate grasslands are, to some extent, decoupled and dominantly controlled by different factors. Further investigations should focus on those ecological processes leading to decoupling of C and N cycles in temperate grassland soils.

scholarly journals Carbon Organic Content under Organic and Conventional Paddy Field and its Effect on Biological Activities (A Case Study in Pati Regency, Indonesia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Supriyadi Supriyadi ◽  
Melja Karni Pratiwi ◽  
Slamet Minardi ◽  
Nanda Lintang Prastiyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C

The low organic matter content of paddy soils impacts the declining quality of land. Without the efforts to enrich the soil organic matter (SOM) content, the productivity of paddy fields will decrease or the need for inorganic fertilizers will increase to reach the level of yield. The present research aims to determine the effect of differences in organic and conventional paddy fields management practices on soil organic carbon (SOC) content and biological activities. The research was conducted from July to September 2018 on organic and conventional paddy fields in Dukuhseti Sub-district, Pati Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. Sampling points were taken from six organic samples in the organic paddy fields while the other six samples were taken from conventional paddy fields. The variables observed in this research were organic C, pH, total N soil, total bacterial colonies, soil respiration and microbial biomass C. The results show that the organic C content in the organic paddy field (2.4%) was higher than that of the conventional paddy field (1.8%). The C content of organic paddy fields increased by 0.6%. The differences of the total bacterial colonies, soil respiration and microbial biomass C between organic paddy fields and conventional paddy fields were 11.5 CFU g<sup>-1</sup>, 7.42 mg CO<sub>2</sub> week<sup>-1</sup> and 0.51 µg g<sup>-1</sup>, respectively, because the use of organic farming systems could improve the biological nature of soils and caused biological activity in organic paddy fields to have the highest value compared to conventional paddy fields.

scholarly journals Assessment of Microbial Biomass Carbon and Nitrogen in Some Tea Soils of Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
SM Abdur Rahman ◽  
ARM Solaiman
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Biomass N ◽  
C And N ◽  
Tea Garden

Microbial biomass carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) and their contribution to soil organic carbon and total N contents were assessed in soils collected from Bilashchara Tea Estate under Bangladesh Tea Research Institute (BTRI), Srimangal of Moulavibazar district, and Sripur Tea Garden under Jaintapur of Sylhet district. Microbial biomass C and N in Bila shchara Tea Estate soils varied from 90.4-144.0 and 20.5-29.0 mg/kg soil, and that of Sripur Tea Garden soils varied from 120.7-362.0 and 26.6-59.5 mg/kg soil, respectively. Within the two tea growing areas biomass C/N ratios ranged from 3.35-6.12. Relationships between biomass C and organic carbon and biomass N and total N were positively correlated. The contribution of biomass C to soil organic C was 1.23%, ranging from 0.9-1.55% and the contribution of biomass N to total N content of the soils ranged from 1.19-2.89%. Keywords: Biomass carbon (C); Biomass nitrogen (N); Organic C; Total N; Tea soilDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v25i1.4850 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 25, Number 1, June 2008, pp 21-25

scholarly journals The influence of long-term organic and mineral fertilization on soil organic matter

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 41-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Šimon
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Respiration Activity ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Aliphatic Compounds ◽  
Control Variant

Parameters evaluating soil organic matter quantity (organic C and N content) and quality (hot water extractable C content, aliphatic compounds, microbial biomass C content, basal respiration activity) were determined in soils differently fertilized (NPK &ndash; mineral fertilization 64.6 kg N/ha/year, FYM &ndash; farmyard manure 38.6 kg N/ha/year, FYM + NPK &ndash; 103.3 kg N/ha/year) in long-term field experiment established in 1955 in Prague. Variant without any fertilization was used as a control. Nine years crop rotation (45% cereals, 33% root crops, 22% fodder crops) is practiced in this long-term experiment. Soil samples were taken from the arable layer (0&ndash;20 cm) in spring over the period of 1994&ndash;2004. Continual application of FYM and FYM + NPK increased the organic carbon content, hot water extractable C (HWC) content, aliphatic compounds content and microbial biomass C content significantly compared to control variant. Mineral fertilization (NPK) increased only organic C content significantly compared to control variant; HWC content, aliphatic compounds content and microbial biomass C content were increased not significantly. Basal respiration activity did not differ significantly between the variants but the influence of plants cropped in individual years on the basal respiration was observed. The total N content was increased significantly only in FYM + NPK variant as compared to control variant. Presence of lucerne in crop rotation contributed positively to the total nitrogen content in soil of all variants due to the symbiotic N<sub>2</sub> fixation. C:N ratio varied from 9.96 to 10.46. Significant positive relationships (r = 0.30 to 0.68; P &lt; 0.05) among the all parameters were determined with exception of basal respiration activity. The most of measured characteristics tended to be constant or slightly increase in the period of observation that shows evidence of stability of this soil management system.

Recovery of soil microbial biomass and activity from prescribed burning

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1286-1290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannu Fritze ◽  
Taina Pennanen ◽  
Janna Pietikäinen
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Plant Succession ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Respiration Activity ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Humus Layer

Development of humus layer soil microbial biomass C (Cmic) and N (Nmic), fungal biomass (as soil ergosterol content), microbial respiration activity, and the soil organic C (Corg) and N (Ntot) were determined in coniferous forest soils that had received a single prescribed fire treatment at different times over a period of 45 years. The ratio of soil respiration rate to microbial biomass C (qCO2) and the Cmic/Corg and Nmic/Ntot percentages were derived from the measurements taken. All the measured biomass indicators reacted identically to show recovery from prescribed burning within 12 years. A raised metabolic quotient (qCO2) was detected in soils over the first 2 years following the fire treatment, but after the third year it had decreased to a stable level. These observations suggest that during the first few years after fire the soil microflora can be characterized on the basis of simple substrate–decomposer relationships. The first 12 years were characterized by increasing Cmic/Corg and Nmic/Ntot percentages, which then stabilized at mean values of 1.3 and 5.5%, respectively. The observed rise in the Cmic within a large pool of Corg suggested increasing availability of energy-rich C sources. These C sources are probably derived from the organic C input resulting from postfire plant succession.

scholarly journals Long term trends in fertility of soils under continuous cultivation and cereal cropping in southern Queensland .VII. Dynamics of nitrogen mineralization potentials and microbial biomass

Soil Research ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 461 ◽  
Author(s):  
RC Dalal ◽  
RJ Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Nitrogen Mineralization ◽  
Continuous Cultivation ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Mineralizable N ◽  
Biomass N ◽  
Potentially Mineralizable N ◽  
C And N

The dynamics of nitrogen mineralization potential (N0) and mineralization rate constant (k) were studied in six major soils which had been used for cereal cropping for up to 20-70 years. In the top 0.1 m layer of virgin soils, N0 varied from 110 � 22 mg kg-1 soil (Riverview) to 217 � 55 mg kg-1 soil (Langlands-Logie), representing about 13% and 11%, respectively, of total N in these soils. Upon cultivation and cropping, N0 declined by 1 7 � 0.5 mg kg-1 yr-1 (Riverview) to 4.8 � 2.0 mg kg -1 yr -1 (Billa Billa). This represented < 20% of total N lost annually from the top layer (0-0.1 m depth) of these soils. The k values varied less than the N0 values, both within and among soils, and were also less affected by cultivation than N0. The mineralizable N in cultivated soil during cropping for periods up to 70 years can be estimated from N0 and k values, taking No as 5% of total N for soils of <40% clay and 15% of total N for soils of >40% clay and k as 0.066 week-1 at 40�C (0.027 week-1 and 0.054 week-1 at 25�C and 35�C, respectively). Organic C and N contained in the 'stabilized' microbial biomass (determined after 30 weeks' pre-incubation) accounted for 1.7-38% of total organic C and 2.0-5.1% of total N in the six soils studied. The microbial biomass C and N declined with cultivation in most soils, biomass N representing 10-23% of the total annual loss of N0. The microbial biomass, urease activity and total N, in addition to a number of other soil properties [e.g. light-fraction (<2 Mg m-3) C, sand-size C, CEC and ESP], were significantly correlated with N0 and k, thus indicating the existence of a myriad of environments for the activity, association and stability of microbial biomass and potentially mineralizable N in soil.

scholarly journals Impact of burn severity on soil properties in a Pinus pinaster ecosystem immediately after fire

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor Fernández-García ◽  
Elena Marcos ◽  
José Manuel Fernández-Guisuraga ◽  
Angela Taboada ◽  
Susana Suárez-Seoane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Pinus Pinaster ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Burn Severity ◽  
Available P ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
The Impact

We analyse the effects of burn severity on individual soil properties and soil quotients in Mediterranean fire-prone pine forests immediately after a wildfire. Burn severity was measured in the field through the substrate stratum of the Composite Burn Index and soil samples were taken 7–9 days after a wildfire occurred in a Pinus pinaster Ait. ecosystem. In each soil sample, we analysed physical (size of soil aggregates), chemical (pH, organic C, total N and available P) and biological (microbial biomass C, β-glucosidase, urease and acid phosphatase activities) properties. Size of aggregates decreased in the areas affected by high burn severity. Additionally, moderate and high severities were associated with increases in pH and available P concentration and with decreases in organic C concentration. Microbial biomass C showed similar patterns to organic C along the burn severity gradient. The enzymatic activities of phosphatase and β-glucosidase showed the highest sensitivity to burn severity, as they strongly decreased from the low-severity scenarios. Among the studied soil quotients, the C:N ratio, microbial quotient and β-glucosidase:microbial biomass C quotient decreased with burn severity. This work provides valuable information on the impact of burn severity on the functioning of sandy siliceous soils in fire-prone pine ecosystems.

Dynamics of soil microbial biomass C, soluble organic C and CO2 evolution after three years of manure application

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Rochette ◽  
E. G. Gregorich
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Manure Amendments ◽  
Soluble C

Application of manure and fertilizer affects the rate and extent of mineralization and sequestration of C in soil. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of 3 yr of application of N fertilizer and different manure amendments on CO2 evolution and the dynamics of soil microbial biomass and soluble C in the field. Soil respiration, soluble organic C and microbial biomass C were measured at intervals over the growing season in maize soils amended with stockpiled or rotted manure, N fertilizer (200 kg N ha−1) and with no amendments (control). Manure amendments increased soil respiration and levels of soluble organic C and microbial biomass C by a factor of 2 to 3 compared with the control, whereas the N fertilizer had little effect on any parameter. Soil temperature explained most of the variations in CO2 flux (78 to 95%) in each treatment, but data from all treatments could not be fitted to a unique relationship. Increases in CO2 emission and soluble C resulting from manure amendments were strongly correlated (r2 = 0.75) with soil temperature. This observation confirms that soluble C is an active C pool affected by biological activity. The positive correlation between soluble organic C and soil temperature also suggests that production of soluble C increases more than mineralization of soluble C as temperature increases. The total manure-derived CO2-C was equivalent to 52% of the applied stockpiled-manure C and 67% of the applied rotted-manure C. Estimates of average turnover rates of microbial biomass ranged between 0.72 and 1.22 yr−1 and were lowest in manured soils. Manured soils also had large quantities of soluble C with a slower turnover rate than that in either fertilized or unamended soils. Key words: Soil respiration, greenhouse gas, soil carbon

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document