Post-fire invasion in Torres del Paine Biosphere Reserve: the role of seed tolerance to heat

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Susana Paula ◽  
Daniela L. Labbé
Keyword(s):  
Plant Invasion ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Soil Seed Banks ◽  
Exotic Plant Invasion ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Torres Del Paine

Biological invasions are one of the major causes of biodiversity loss. Anthropogenic alteration in fire regimes has promoted plant invasion in several regions and ecosystems worldwide, especially in those where fires are historically rare. This is the case of the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve Torres del Paine National Park (TPNP), located in southern South America. In this study, we hypothesised that the seeds of native species of the TPNP do not resist fire-related high soil temperatures as do exotic plants, which could facilitate the spread of exotic plant invasion in post-fire environments. To test this hypothesis, we exposed seeds of plant species collected from the TPNP to different heat doses (60°C, 5min; 90°C, 5min; 90°C, 10min; 120°C, 5min) and compared their final germination and viability with those of unheated seeds. The study was conducted on five native species and three aliens inhabiting the TPNP. Almost all the seeds of native species died after exposure to temperatures higher than 60°C, whereas seeds of the alien species resisted higher heat doses. The on-site resistance of the aliens (through fire-tolerant soil seed banks) and the fire sensitivity of native seeds contribute to our understanding on post-fire invasion in the TPNP.

scholarly journals Predicting the potential distribution of the vase tunicate Ciona intestinalis in Canadian waters: informing a risk assessment

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 788-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Therriault ◽  
Leif-Matthias Herborg
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Potential Distribution ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Ciona Intestinalis ◽  
Environmental Niche ◽  
Environmental Models ◽  
Introduced Range ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Therriault, T. W., and Herborg, L-M. 2008. Predicting the potential distribution of the vase tunicate Ciona intestinalis in Canadian waters: informing a risk assessment. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 788–794. A crucial step in characterizing the potential risk posed by non-native species is determining whether a potential invader can establish in the introduced range and what its potential distribution could be. To this end, various environmental models ranging from simple to complex have been applied to predict the potential distribution of an invader, with varying levels of success. Recently, in marine waters, tunicates have received much attention, largely because of their negative impacts on shellfish aquaculture. One of these species is the vase tunicate Ciona intestinalis, which recently has had a negative impact on aquaculture operations in Atlantic Canada and could pose a risk in Pacific Canada. To inform the risk assessment of this species, we evaluated two different types of environmental model. Simple models based on reported temperature or salinity tolerances were relatively uninformative, because almost all waters were deemed suitable. In contrast, a more complex genetic algorithm for rule-set prediction (GARP) environmental niche model, based on documented Canadian occurrence points, provided informative projections of the potential distribution in Canadian waters. In addition to informing risk assessments, these predictions can be used to focus monitoring activities, particularly towards vectors that could transport C. intestinalis to these favourable environments.

scholarly journals Coastal Forest vegetation of Sabutung Island South Sulawesi

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dody Priosambodo
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
Land Conversion ◽  
Coastal Forest ◽  
Introduced Plants ◽  
Environmental Laboratory ◽  
Almost All

Research about coastal forest vegetation in Sabutung island has been conducted.The aim of this research was to make an inventory of native species, introduced speciesand invasive spesies of plant in Sabutungisland. Sampling activities conducted withpurposive sampling method.Data collected with noted the plant species that foundduring exploring the island. All sample are photographed. Unidentified sample werecollected and identified in Marine and Environmental laboratory, Department ofBiology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Hasanuddin University.Identification of the sample conducted based on: An Annotated Check-List of TheVascular Plants of The South China Sea and Its Shores by Turner et al. (2000) and Mangrove Guidebook for Southeast Asia by Wim Giesen et al. (2007)for coastal forestspecies; Tropical flowering plants: a guide to identification and cultivation by KirstenAlbrecht Llamas (2003) for introduced species andNonnative Invasive Plants of PacificCoast Forest. A Field Guide for Identification oleh Gray et al. (2011) and Guide to TheNaturalized and Invasive Plants of Southeast Asia by Arne Witt (2017) for invasivespecies. Data were analysed descriptively and displayed in tabular form. Antropogenicimpact i.e: land conversion and increased population were also discussed. From theresults of the study were recorded as many as 221 species of plants in Sabutung Island.Mostly dominated by ornamental plants and cultivated (introduced) plants with 131species of 46 tribes followed by native species with 67 species from 34 tribes. Invasivespecies were recorded with at least 19 species from 8 tribes. Nonetheless, invasivespecies are widespread and dominate space in almost all parts of the island. Most of thecoastal forest on Sabutung Island has been lost due to land conversion to settlementsand garden/plantation.

How a network approach has advanced the field of plant invasion ecology.

2020 ◽  
pp. 324-339
Author(s):  
Carine Emer ◽  
◽  
Sérgio Timóteo ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Species Interactions ◽  
Plant Invasion ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Invasion Biology ◽  
Plant Invasions ◽  
Network Approach ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Network Approaches ◽  
Plant Herbivore

Every organism on Earth, whether in natural or anthropogenic environments, is connected to a complex web of life, the famous 'entangled bank' coined by Darwin in 1859. Non-native species can integrate into local 'banks' by establishing novel associations with the resident species. In that context, network ecology has been an important tool to study the interactions of non-native species and the effects on recipient communities due to its ability to simultaneously investigate the assembly and disassembly of species interactions as well as their functional roles. Its visually appealing tools and relatively simple metrics gained momentum among scientists and are increasingly applied in different areas of ecology, from the more theoretical grounds to applied research on restoration and conservation. A network approach helps us to understand how plant invasions may or may not form novel species associations, how they change the structure of invaded communities, the outcomes for ecosystem functionality and, ultimately, the implications for the conservation of ecological interactions. Networks have been widely used on pollination studies, especially from temperate zones, unveiling their nested patterns and the mechanisms by which non-native plants integrate into local communities. Yet, very few papers have used network approaches to assess plant invasion effects in other systems such as plant-herbivore, plant-pathogen or seed-dispersal processes. Here we describe how joining network ecology with plant invasion biology started and how it has developed over the last few decades. We show the extent of its contribution, despite contradictory results and biases, to a better understanding of the role of non-native plant species in shaping community structure. Finally, we explore how it can be further improved to answer emerging questions.

scholarly journals Sagebrush steppe recovery after fire varies by development phase of Juniperus occidentalis woodland

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan D. Bates ◽  
Robert N. Sharp ◽  
Kirk W. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Sagebrush Steppe ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Herbaceous Layer ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Juniperus Occidentalis

Woodland ecosystems of the world have been changed by land use demands, altered fire regimes, invasive species and climate change. Reduced fire frequency is recognised as a main causative agent for Pinus–Juniperus L. (piñon–juniper) expansion in North American woodlands. Piñon–juniper control measures, including prescribed fire, are increasingly employed to restore sagebrush steppe communities. We compared vegetation recovery following prescribed fire on Phase 2 (mid-succession) and Phase 3 (late-succession) Juniperus occidentalis Hook. (western juniper) woodlands in Oregon. The herbaceous layer on Phase 2 sites was comprised of native perennial and annual vegetation before and after fire. On Phase 3 sites the herbaceous layer shifted from native species to dominance by invasive Bromus tectorum L. (cheatgrass). After fire, shrubs on Phase 2 sites were comprised of sprouting species and Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. (snowbrush). On Phase 3 woodland sites the shrub layer was dominated by C. velutinus. The results suggest that Phase 2 sites have a greater likelihood of recovery to native vegetation after fire and indicate that sites transitioning from Phase 2 to Phase 3 woodlands cross a recovery threshold where there is a greater potential for invasive weeds, rather than native vegetation, to dominate after fire.

scholarly journals Do Habitats Show a Different Invasibility Pattern by Alien Plant Species? A Test on a Wetland Protected Area

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Liccari ◽  
Miris Castello ◽  
Livio Poldini ◽  
Alfredo Altobelli ◽  
Enrico Tordoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Null Model ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Environmental Characteristic ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Probabilistic Sampling ◽  
Ne Italy ◽  
Alien Flora

Biological invasions are deemed to be the second most important global driver of biodiversity loss, right behind habitat destruction and fragmentation. In this study, we aimed at testing if community invasibility, defined as the vulnerability to invasion of a community, could be associated with the characteristics of a given habitat, as described by the composition and structure of its native species. Based on a probabilistic sampling of the alien flora occurring in the temperate wetland Lake Doberdò (Friuli Venezia Giulia region, NE Italy) and using a null-model-based approach, the observed occurrence of Invasive Alien Species (IAS) within sampling units was randomized within habitats. While testing the degree of invasibility for each habitat within the wetland, our null hypothesis postulated that habitats are equally invaded by IAS, as IAS can spread homogeneously in the environment thanks to their plasticity in functional traits that makes them able to cope with different ecological conditions. The obtained results comparing observed IAS frequencies, abundance and richness to those obtained by the null model randomizations show that, for all habitats, invasion was selective. Specifically, a marked preference for habitats with an intermediate disturbance level, a high nutrients level and a medium-high light availability was observed, while an avoidance was detected for habitats characterized by lower levels of nutrients and light availability or extreme conditions caused by prolonged submersion. This method allows us to provide useful information using a simple-to-run simulation for the management of the IAS threat within protected areas. Moreover, the method allows us to infer important ecological characteristics leading to habitat invasion without sampling the environmental characteristic of the habitats, which is an expensive operation in terms of time and money.

Do forest soil microbes have the potential to resist plant invasion? A case study in Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve (South China)

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao-Ming Chen ◽  
Song Li ◽  
Hui-Xuan Liao ◽  
Shao-Lin Peng
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
South China ◽  
Plant Invasion ◽  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Biosphere Reserve

Allelopathy and Exotic Plant Invasion

2010 ◽  
pp. 61-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amutha Sampath Kumar ◽  
Harsh P. Bais
Keyword(s):  
Plant Invasion ◽  
Exotic Plant ◽  
Exotic Plant Invasion

Exotic plant invasion and understorey species richness: a comparison of two types of eucalypt woodland in agricultural Western Australia

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Abensperg-Traun ◽  
Lyn Atkins ◽  
Richard Hobbs ◽  
Dion Steven
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Exotic Species ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Invasion ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Exotic Plants ◽  
Exotic Plant ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Road Verge ◽  
Exotic Plant Invasion

Exotic plants are a major threat to native plant diversity in Australia yet a generic model of the invasion of Australian ecosystems by exotic species is lacking because invasion levels differ with vegetation/soil type and environmental conditions. This study compared relative differences in exotic species invasion (percent cover, spp. richness) and the species richness of herbaceous native plants in two structurally very similar vegetation types, Gimlet Eucalyptus salubris and Wandoo E. capillosa woodlands in the Western Australian wheatbelt. For each woodland type, plant variables were measured for relatively undisturbed woodlands, woodlands with >30 years of livestock grazing history, and woodlands in road-verges. Grazed and road-verge Gimlet and Wandoo woodlands had significantly higher cover of exotic species, and lower species richness of native plants, compared with undisturbed Gimlet and Wandoo. Exotic plant invasion was significantly greater in Gimlet woodlands for both grazed (mean 78% cover) and road-verge sites (mean 42% cover) than in comparable sites in Wandoo woodlands (grazed sites 25% cover, road-verge sites 19% cover). There was no significant difference in the species richness of exotic plants between Wandoo and Gimlet sites for any of the three situations. Mean site richness of native plants was not significantly different between undisturbed Wandoo and undisturbed Gimlet woodlands. Undisturbed woodlands were significantly richer in plant species than grazed and road-verge woodlands for both woodland types. Grazed and road-verge Wandoo sites were significantly richer in plant species than communities in grazed and road-verge Gimlet. The percent cover of exotics was negatively correlated with total (native) plant species richness for both woodland types (Wandoo r = ?0.70, Gimlet r = ?0.87). Of the total native species recorded in undisturbed Gimlet, 83% and 61% were not recorded in grazed and road-verge Gimlet, respectively. This compared with 40% and 33% for grazed and road-verge Wandoo, respectively. Grazed Wandoo and grazed Gimlet sites had significantly fewer native plant species than did road-verge Wandoo and road-verge Gimlet sites. Ecosystem implications of differential invasions by exotic species, and the effects of grazing (disturbance) and other factors influencing susceptibility to exotic plant invasion (landscape, competition and allelopathy) on native species decline are discussed. Exclusion of livestock and adequate methods of control and prevention of further invasions by exotic plants are essential requirements for the conservation of these woodland systems.

Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Introduced Species ◽  
Plant Invasion ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Plant Invasions ◽  
Invasion Dynamics ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Antagonistic Interactions

Abstract This book contains 23 chapters divided into seven parts. Part I reviews the key hypotheses in invasion ecology that invoke biotic interactions to explain aspects of plant invasion dynamics; and reviews models, theories and hypotheses on how invasion performance and impact of introduced species in recipient ecosystems can be conjectured according to biotic interactions between native and non-native species. Part II deals with positive and negative interactions in the soil. Part III discusses mutualistic interactions that promote plant invasions. Part IV describes antagonistic interactions that hinder plant invasions, while part V presents the consequences of plant invasions for biotic interactions among native species. In part VI, novel techniques and experimental approaches in the study of plant invasions are shown. In the last part, biotic interactions and the management of ecosystems invaded by non-native plants are discussed.

scholarly journals Microbial Communities Associated with Farmed Genypterus chilensis: Detection in Water Prior to Bacterial Outbreaks Using Culturing and High-Throughput Sequencing

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Levican ◽  
Jenny C. Fisher ◽  
Sandra L. McLellan ◽  
Ruben Avendaño-Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Native Species ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Emerging Pathogens ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Conger Eel ◽  
Genypterus Chilensis

The red conger eel (Genypterus chilensis, Guichenot) is a native species included in the Chilean Aquaculture Diversification Program due to high commercial demand. In the context of intensified farming, prior reports link two disease outbreaks with emerging pathogens in the Vibrio and Tenacibaculum genera. However, the roles remain unclear for the bacterial community and each specific bacterium is associated with the rearing environment for healthy specimens. The success of red conger eel farming therefore warrants research into the bacterial composition of aquaculture conditions and the antimicrobial susceptibilities thereof. This study used culturing methods and high-throughput sequencing to describe the bacterial community associated with water in which G. chilensis was farmed. With culturing methods, the predominant genera were Vibrio (21.6%), Pseudolteromonas (15.7%), Aliivibrio (13.7%), and Shewanella (7.8%). Only a few bacterial isolates showed amylase, gelatinase, or lipase activity, and almost all showed inhibition zones to commonly-used antibiotics in aquaculture. By contrast, high-throughput sequencing established Paraperlucidibaca, Colwellia, Polaribacter, Saprospiraceae, and Tenacibaculum as the predominant genera, with Vibrio ranking twenty-seventh in abundance. High-throughput sequencing also established a link between previous outbreaks with increased relative abundances of Vibrio and Tenacibaculum. Therefore, monitoring the presence and abundance of these potential pathogens could be useful in providing prophylactic measures to prevent future outbreaks.

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