Tissue residue levels in rabbits and rats poisoned with 1080 One-shot bait and the location of poisoned rabbit carcasses

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie E. Twigg ◽  
Tim J. Lowe ◽  
Winifred E. Kirkpatrick ◽  
Gary R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Secondary Poisoning ◽  
Tissue Residue ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Residue Levels

The level of fluoroacetate (1080) found in the carcasses of rats and rabbits poisoned with 1080 ranged from 1.9 to 14.4 μg g–1 (mean 5.3 μg g–1, n = 11) in rats and <0.02 to 0.78 μg g–1 (mean 0.353 μg g–1, n = 10) in rabbits. The concentration of fluoroacetate in the blood and liver of both species was generally higher than in the carcasses, and ranged from <0.02 to 33.6 μg g–1. Fifteen of 22 collared rabbits, and 3 freshly killed, uncollared rabbits were recovered during a routine baiting exercise with 1080 One-shot oats. Excluding the 4 collared rabbits taken by predators, only 14% of all carcasses (n = 14) were found in the open, with the remaining 86% of carcasses being well concealed in warrens or under thick scrub. The carcasses of both rabbits and rats showed considerable decay within 6 days of poisoning. Except for eutherian carnivores, which are highly sensitive to 1080, there is little potential risk of secondary poisoning of native wildlife as a result of the correct use of 1080 baits in pest-control programs.

Sensitivity to sodium fluoroacetate (1080) of native animals from north-western Australia

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary R. Martin ◽  
Laurie E. Twigg
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Birds Of Prey ◽  
Secondary Poisoning ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Barn Owls ◽  
Approximate Lethal Dose ◽  
North Western ◽  
Development Of Tolerance

The sensitivity to sodium monofluoroacetate (1080) of 9 species of native animals from north-western Australia was assessed using the increasing dose procedure to determine the Approximate Lethal Dose for each species. Granivorous birds from this region (e.g. ducks, corellas) were generally more sensitive to 1080 than their counterparts from southern Australia, and would be theoretically at risk from primary poisoning during 1080 grainbased baiting programs. However, the tolerance to 1080 of birds of prey from these areas is sufficient that these species face little risk of secondary poisoning during pest-control programs aimed at rodents or rabbits. The risk of primary poisoning to raptors from meat baits containing 6 mg 1080 per bait or less also appears to be low. The coexistence of brown falcons and barn owls with fluoroacetate-bearing vegetation over parts of their range has probably contributed to their development of tolerance to fluoroacetate.

Trade Problems Arising from Differing Maximum Residue Levels for Veterinary Drug and Pesticide Residues

1996 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 418-421
Author(s):  
Richard A. Carnevale
Keyword(s):  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Veterinary Drug ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Important Principle ◽  
Maximum Residue Levels ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
Residue Levels ◽  
Safety Assessments ◽  
The U.S

An international effort is under way to harmonize the procedures and assumptions used for establishing maximum residue levels (MRL) for residues of veterinary drugs and pesticides. Apparent conflicts in MRLs may not actually reflect differing safety assessments for the residues but may be due to different safety factors, methods of analysis, consumption factors, etc. Equivalence is an important principle in the U.S. position on agricultural trade. Countries wishing to export food products to the U.S. must demonstrate that their country's residue control programs are equivalent to the U.S. program. From the U.S. export perspective, there have been several instances of trade problems resulting from different MRLs. The most significant was the decision by the European Economic Community not to accept U.S. beef if the animals were administered anabolic steroids. Another example involved the Japanese rejection of U.S. pork because of sulfamethazine residues. These examples illustrate the importance of harmonization to future efforts to facilitate free trade and reduce the resource burden on government regulatory bodies.

scholarly journals Urban Erosion Potential Risk Mapping with GIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Amanda M. Weikmann ◽  
Clayton Hodges ◽  
Randel Dymond
Keyword(s):  
Potential Risk ◽  
Regulatory Focus ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Computational Procedure ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Urban Watershed ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Risk Maps ◽  
Local Cell

With increased regulatory focus on eroded sediment and its bound pollutants, methods are needed to predict areas with high erosive potential (EP) in urbanized areas. Using EP to prioritize urban areas for maintenance, implementation of Stormwater Control Measures (SCMs), stream restoration or monitoring is crucial. This study utilizes commonly available geospatial layers in conjunction with a computational procedure for prioritizing the contribution of site specific- and transport-erosion to compute relative EP risk throughout a target urban watershed.&nbsp; Factors that contribute to erosion were evaluated: local cell slope, soil erodibility, land cover, runoff volume, distance and slope to nearest stormwater conveyance point along a surface flow travel path. A case study of the developed methodology was performed on a 1.6 square kilometer urban watershed in Blacksburg, VA, to generate EP risk maps. Results of the study indicate areas of erosive potential within the target watershed and provide a methodology for creating erosion potential risk maps for use by MS4 planners, engineers and other individuals that manage erosion control programs.

Integration of a Microbial Herbicide into Weed and Pest Control Programs in Rice (Oryza sativa)

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Klerk ◽  
Roy J. Smith ◽  
David O. TeBeest
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Water Suspensions ◽  
Reduced Activity

Field research was conducted in Arkansas to determine the effect of selected rice pesticides on the microbial herbicideColletotrichum gloeosporioides(Penz.) Sacc. f. sp.aeschynomene(henceforth designated C.g.a.) and to integrate C.g.a. into control programs for northern jointvetch [Aeschynomene virginica(L.) B.S.P. # AESVI] in rice (Oryza sativaL.). Water suspensions of dry-formulated spores of C.g.a. at 1.9 × 1011spores/ha were applied midseason in sequence with normal use rates of other pesticides. Carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl methyl-carbamate) at 0.56 kg ai/ha, propanil (3’4’-dichloropropio-anilide) at 2.2 kg ai/ha, acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid} at 0.14 kg ai/ha, or fentin hydroxide (triphenyltin hydroxide) at 0.56 kg ai/ha did not reduce disease development of C.g.a. on northern jointvetch. Sequential applications of benomyl [methyl 1-(butylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazolecarbamate] at 0.56 kg ai/ha reduced activity of the fungus on northern jointvetch when fungicide applications began 1 week after C.g.a. application but had no effect on mycoherbicide activity when applications began 2 weeks after C.g.a.

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