Alien invasive vertebrates in ecosystems: pattern, process and the social dimension

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piran C. L. White ◽  
Adriana E. S. Ford ◽  
Mick N. Clout ◽  
Richard M. Engeman ◽  
Sugoto Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Stakeholder Participation ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Invasion Biology ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Alien Invasive Species ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

The rate of biological invasions has increased dramatically over recent centuries. Alien invasive vertebrates have significant adverse effects on biodiversity, and island fauna are especially susceptible. Human-induced environmental change is likely to exacerbate these negative impacts of alien invasive species. However, invasion biology has advanced considerably over the last two decades, with improvement in understanding of the processes of establishment and spread. New developments in spatial modelling have elucidated the way in which behavioural processes at the individual level can drive population-level patterns such as spread. Combined with new genetic insights into the process of invasion, these advances may assist in the development of novel, better-targeted management strategies that provide new options in how to deal with the threat posed by invasive species. Decisions about whether to and how we should intervene are questions for all sectors of society, but research on the social and cultural impacts of invasive species is largely lacking. There are many opportunities for enhancing the social dimensions of invasive species research, and integrated assessments of the social, economic and environmental impacts of species provide one potential avenue. As part of this, there is also a need to increase stakeholder participation in the decision-making process regarding alien invasive species. These more holistic approaches are essential if we are to reduce the impact of alien invasive species to within acceptable limits in the face of rapid environmental change.

scholarly journals The impact of digitalization on social development

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-51
Author(s):  
Andrii Нrytsenko ◽  
◽  
Tetiana Burlai ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

The article shows the place of digitalization in the natural transition from the industrial-market to the information-network economy. The authors clarify the structure of relations that determine the mechanism of interaction of technical and technological processes of digitalization and socio-economic relations, and note the complexity of the reflexive interaction of the technical, technological and socio-economic components of societal development. The objective foundations and modern features of the processes of dissemination of information, communication and digital technologies, manifested at the societal level, are revealed. The dualistic nature of digitalization development is revealed: the introduction of the latest technologies not only opens up additional opportunities for business, governments and people, but also generates significant problems, challenges and risks, forming the so-called "digital gap". It is emphasized that in the social dimension, the most characteristic of such gaps is the difference in opportunities for access to digital technologies, which potentially leads to unfair distribution of benefits and increased inequality in society. The main social risks caused by the processes of digitalization at the micro and macro levels are identified. The dynamics of digitalization processes and their impact on social development in a global and national context are comprehensively characterized. Shown various national management strategies, formulated as responses to the challenges of digital development and with a focus on minimizing the social risks associated with them. The modern approaches of the European Union to regulating the impact of digitalization on social development and employment are revealed, including those related to the adoption in 2010 of the Digital Agenda for Europe, the construction of the European Digital Single Market and the implementation of the European Gigabit Society Strategy until 2025. Proposed a few corrections in the mechanisms of Ukraine’s national policy regarding the anticipation and regulation of the social consequences of digitalization, in particular, in the context of the Strategy for the digital transformation of the social sphere of Ukraine presented in September 2020.

scholarly journals Identifying social–ecological gaps to promote biocrust conservation actions

Web Ecology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-132
Author(s):  
María D. López-Rodríguez ◽  
Sonia Chamizo ◽  
Yolanda Cantón ◽  
Emilio Rodriguez-Caballero
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Ecological Functions ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
The Social ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
New Research

Abstract. Globally, most bare-looking areas in dryland regions are covered by biocrusts which play a crucial role in modifying several soil surface properties and driving key ecosystem processes. These keystone communities face important threats (e.g. climate change) that place their conservation at risk and in turn the sustainability of the ecosystems they inhabit. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop ecosystem management strategies to ensure their protection. However, to provide a solid path towards biocrust conservation, the understanding by stakeholders and governance structures of the ecological functions of these communities, their role as benefit providers, and the pressures threatening their important effects are indispensable. Whereas the ecological scope of biocrust has been widely studied in the last decades, the social dimension of their role remained unexplored. By reviewing literature in biocrusts from a social–ecological approach, here we identified knowledge gaps and new research areas that need to be addressed in order to produce scientific knowledge that better guides dryland conservation policies and actions. This research agenda is a prerequisite to advance biocrust conservation.

PROTESTANT ENVIRONMENT OF UKRAINE: IN SEARCH OF RELIGIOUS TYPOLOGIES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE ALLUKRAINIAN UNION OF CHURCHES OF EVANGELICAL CHRISTIAN BAPTISTS)

2021 ◽  
pp. 92-105
Author(s):  
Ivan Kunderenko
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Christian Community ◽  
Level Of Involvement ◽  
The Social ◽  
Nonviolent Resistance ◽  
Secular Society ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Political Groups

Applying the typology of R. Niebuhr to the Protestant environment of Ukraine is nearly impossible, because despite the preserved faith statements, the level of involvement of Protestants in Ukrainian society has changed significantly. Thus, the usual classification is not efficient due to the dynamics of the social dimension of Protestants and the background of theological conservatism. Author agrees with the proposed paradigm of D. Hollinger, that in any interaction with society there are two dimensions, in the middle of which we can make a certain ranking. The impact can be individual or structural, as well as reactionary or preventive. The following vectors have become especially common among Protestants: 1. Christian relief; 2. Creating alternative Christian institutions; 3. Evangelism, not just a method to introduce beliefs to others, but also as a vehicle of structural changes in society; 4. Prophetic proclamation as a way to react on existing negative trends; 5. Political lobbying with an attempt to prevent the adoption of certain bills, or vice versa, their promotion; 6. Creation of political parties or political groups; 7. Nonviolent resistance; 8. The practice of Christian incarnation as a manifestation of faithfulness to God with the understanding that the attainability of ethical standards is possible only within the Christian community; 9. Individual impact with understanding that Christians hold views and moral (ethical) principles that differ from secular society, however Christians apply those principles, within and outside boundaries of Christendom.

Managing Smokefree Momentum: Young RYO Smokers’ Responses to Tobacco Endgame Strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-265
Author(s):  
Shelagh Ferguson ◽  
Jan Brace-Govan ◽  
Janet Hoek ◽  
Matthew Mulconroy
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Sense Making ◽  
Consumer Resistance ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Tobacco Endgame

As more countries set smoking endgame goals and introduce measures to denormalize smoking, smokers’ experience of stigma may intensify and require new management strategies. Probing the tension between environmental changes that support population-level behaviour change and individuals’ sense making, which occurs at a micro, everyday level, provides unique insights into reactance, agency and stigma. Using a Foucauldian informed approach, we analyze how young RYO (roll-your-own tobacco) smokers internalize neoliberal marketplace economic norms and create positions of resistance. Experience-based videographies and in-depth interviews with 15 New Zealand young adults aged 20-30 illustrate how participants resist stigma and the social disapproval they experience. This analysis identifies how smoking denormalization affects practices and pleasures, and generates four discernible positions of resistance: Socialized, Comfort, Status and Pleasure Orientated Resistances. These highlight intersections between policy initiatives and consumer resistance, offering new insights relevant to public policy.

scholarly journals Managing alien bird species: Time to move beyond “100 of the worst” lists?

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
SABRINA KUMSCHICK ◽  
TIM M. BLACKBURN ◽  
DAVID M. RICHARDSON
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Expert Opinion ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Alien Invasive Species ◽  
Common Myna ◽  
Acridotheres Tristis ◽  
Pycnonotus Cafer ◽  
Selection Of Species ◽  
The Impact

SummaryAlien species can cause severe impacts in their introduced ranges and management is challenging due to the large number of such species and the diverse nature and context of their impacts. Lists of the most harmful species, like the “100 of the World’s Worst” list collated by the Invasive Species Specialist Group of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) or the “100 of the Worst” invaders in Europe collated by the Delivering Alien Invasive Species Inventories in Europe (DAISIE) project, raise awareness about these impacts among the public, and can guide management decisions. Such lists are mainly based on expert opinion, but in recent years a more objective comparison of impacts has become possible, even between highly diverse taxa. In this study, we use a semi-quantitative generic impact scoring system to assess impacts of the three birds listed among the “100 of the World’s Worst” IUCN list (IUCN100) and the four birds on the list of “100 of the Worst” European invaders by DAISIE (DAISIE100) and to compare their impacts with those of other alien birds not present on the respective lists. We found that generally, both lists include some of the species with the highest impacts in the respective regions (global or Europe), and these species therefore deserve the dubious honour of being listed among the “worst”. However, there are broad overlaps between some species with regards to the impact mechanisms and the related issues of invasions, especially those of the Common Myna Acridotheres tristis and Red-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer on the IUCN100, are very similar which might not warrant listing both species. To make the selection of species on such lists more transparent we suggest moving beyond lists based on expert opinion to a more transparent and defendable system for listing alien species based on published records of their impacts and related mechanisms.

Considering the social dimension of invasive species: the case of buffel grass

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.A. Marshall ◽  
M. Friedel ◽  
R.D. van Klinken ◽  
A.C. Grice
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Buffel Grass ◽  
The Social

scholarly journals Within-host dynamics explain patterns of antibiotic resistance in commensal bacteria

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas G. Davies ◽  
Stefan Flasche ◽  
Mark Jit ◽  
Katherine E. Atkins
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Antibiotic Consumption ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Resistance Evolution ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
The Impact

The spread of antibiotic resistance, a major threat to human health, is poorly understood. Empirically, resistant strains gradually increase in prevalence as antibiotic consumption increases, but current mathematical models predict a sharp transition between full sensitivity and full resistance. In other words, we do not understand what drives persistent coexistence between resistant and sensitive strains of disease-causing bacteria in host populations. Without knowing what drives patterns of resistance, we cannot accurately predict the impact of potential strategies for managing resistance. Here, we show that within-host dynamics—bacterial growth, strain competition, and host immune responses—promote frequency-dependent selection for resistant strains, explaining patterns of resistance at the population level. By capturing these processes in a parsimonious mathematical framework, we resolve a long-standing conflict between theory and observation. Our models capture widespread coexistence for multiple bacteria-drug combinations across 30 European countries and explain associations between carriage prevalence and resistance prevalence among bacterial subtypes. A mechanistic understanding of resistance evolution is needed to accurately forecast the impact and effectiveness of resistance-management strategies.

scholarly journals Economic Integration versus Social Avoidance: Assessing Neighborhood Relationships Between the Shanty Town of Calabar and its Surrounding Upper-class Gated Communities | Integração econômica vs evitamento social: analisando relações de bairro entre a favela de Calabar e os condomínios de elite circundantes

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Stephan Treuke
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Neighborhood Effects ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Social Avoidance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Shanty Town ◽  
The Impact

This research assesses the impact of neighborhood effects on the well-being of thirty inhabitants in Calabar, a shanty-town set within an upper-class area of Salvador (Brazil). We adopted a threefold methodological framework in order to explore the material, social and symbolic dimensions of the neighborhood effects based on a set of interviews. With regard to  the material dimension, cross-class interactions via the employment nexus are fostered through geographic proximity; however social segmentation regarding access to schools, hospitals and leisure activities have reinforced the social hierarchies. In the social dimension, a high degree of cohesion and solidarity has entailed positive implications for the job search processes, access to resources and a strengthening of territorial identity. With the symbolic dimension, statistical discrimination has entailed deleterious effects on economic integration. In conclusion, the hypothesis of an opportunity-enriching environment should be subjected to careful scrutiny since the economic integration of the inhabitants neither bridges the social distances nor impedes place-based discrimination.

scholarly journals La responsabilidad social en el mapa estratégico de las universidades públicas

2009 ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Montserrat Núñez Chicharro ◽  
Inmaculada Alonso Carrillo
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Bologna Process ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Strategy Map ◽  
Fast Adaptation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

Los cambios acaecidos en los últimos años en el entorno socio-económico y cultural global, determinan la necesidad de una rápida adaptación de la Universidad que pone a prueba sus rígidas estructuras. La dimensión social del proceso de Bolonia debe considerarse desde una perspectiva estratégica, es decir, debe analizarse la repercusión que, las políticas correctoras de las deficiencias detectadas por los grupos de interés, tienen en relación con el desarrollo de la misión de las universidades.<br />El desarrollo actual del concepto de Responsabilidad Social y de los modelos de divulgación de la misma, son una oportunidad para incorporar los aspectos sociales del proceso de cambio dado que se incluyen dentro de la triple perspectiva. En este sentido debemos estudiar la dimensión social desde un marco más amplio que es la Responsabilidad Social de la Universidad.<br />La misión de la Universidad está definida en la mayor parte de los casos en términos de Responsabilidad Social, sin embargo las herramientas de control interno no explican la relación entre los factores claves de la responsabilidad social y el grado de cumplimento de su misión, por ello proponemos un mapa estratégico que muestre las relaciones causales de los factores que inciden en dicho cumplimiento.<br /><br />The major socio-economic and cultural changes of the last few years emphasize the necessity for a fast adaptation of University, which puts its rigid structure to the test. The social dimension of the Bologna Process must be considered from a strategic perspective, that is, we must analyse the impact of the policies aimed at correcting the deficiencies noticed by the interest groups, in relation to the degree of completion of the mission of universities. The current definition of the concept of Social Responsibility and its models of divulgation represent an opportunity to integrate the social aspects of the process of change as these are included within the triple perspective. In this sense, we must study the social dimension in a wider framework which is the University Social Responsibility. The mission of university is defined in most cases in terms of Social Responsibility; however, the tools for internal control do not evidence the connection between the key factors for Social Responsibility and the degree of accomplishment of university's mission. For this reason, we propose a strategy map which shows the causal relationships of those factors which have a bearing on such accomplishment.<br />

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document