Observations on the Flight Patterns and Foraging Behavior of Tasmanian Bats

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 427 ◽  
Author(s):  
MG Oneill ◽  
RJ Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Foraging Patterns ◽  
Broad Agreement ◽  
Direct Flight

Observations were made on the flight patterns and foraging behaviour of Tasmanian bat species, by the use of light tags and the release of individuals at dusk while it was still light enough to see clearly. Four distinct foraging patterns were observed, each being characteristic of a pair of species. These pairs were: Nyctophrlusgeoffroyi and N. timoriensis (slowest flight, undulating, closest to vegetation); Eptesicus vulturnus and E. regulus (highly manoeuvrable, faster than Nyctophilus, further from vegetation); E. sagittula and Chalinolobus morio (fast, direct flight, less manoeuvrable than smaller Eptesicus and fly higher); and Pipistrellus tasmaniensis and C. gouldii (faster, most direct flight, limited manoeuvrability, prefer open areas). There is a broad agreement between the flight patterns observed and the relative shape of the wing of each species.

scholarly journals Foraging behavior and at-sea distribution of White-Tailed Tropicbirds in tropical ocean

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. A. S. Campos ◽  
A. B. Andrade ◽  
S. Bertrand ◽  
M. A. Efe
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Nest Attendance ◽  
Breeding Colony ◽  
Tropical Ocean ◽  
Foraging Patterns ◽  
Land Crab ◽  
Egg Consumption ◽  
Foraging Pattern

Abstract We used miniaturized GPS loggers and site observations to access foraging patterns and nest behaviour of the White-tailed Tropicbird Phaethon lepturus (WTTB), an endangered species at its South Atlantic breeding colony. Dual foraging pattern was observed with alternation between long and short foraging trips. Birds responsible for nest attendance engaged in short foraging trips with mean distance from colony of 25 ± 17 km, total distance covered of 79 ± 65 km and mean duration of 4.02 ± 5.28 hours. Birds flew by dawn and returned before dusk while partners were at sea for long foraging trips that ranged from four to 11 days, with mean maximum distance from colony of 105 ± 47.48 km. Chicks were usually left alone for hours and chick predation by Land Crab Johngartia lagostroma, egg consumption by Goniopsis cruentata and intra-specific competition are suspected to be responsible for high chick mortality rates.

Diets and foraging behaviour of red and eastern grey kangaroos in arid shrub land: is feeding behaviour involved in the range expansion of the eastern grey kangaroo into the arid zone?

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
TJ Dawson ◽  
KJ McTavish ◽  
BA Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Foraging Patterns ◽  
Grey Kangaroo ◽  
Macropus Rufus ◽  
Dietary Niche ◽  
Domestic Stock ◽  
Total Feeding

Eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) have expanded into arid areas usually the habitat of red kangaroos (Macropus rufus). Extra watering sites for domestic stock is the suggested reason. However, changes in vegetation also have occurred due to grazing from domestic stock. We investigated the foraging strategies of M. giganteus and M. rufus in arid rangeland to see if these are involved in the range changes. Foraging patterns were similar, with both species mostly foraging at night; total feeding times were the same. M. giganteus and M. rufus had differing diets, though there was considerable overlap of 81 - 87%. Both species were highly selective, having similar narrow dietary niche breaths. Differences in plant preferences occurred and though both species had a preference for grass that of M. giganteus was higher. A larger foregut in M. giganteus reinforces its focus on grass. M. rufus also selected dicot forbs and malvaceous sub-shrubs. Both kangaroos showed avoidance of abundant chenopod shrubs (saltbushes and bluebushes) and trees. It is likely that the changes to arid-zone vegetation, with a shift to grass and annual dicot forbs, has been important for the expansion of M. giganteus, possibly combined with the greater availability of water.

scholarly journals Provisioning Rate and Attendance Patterns of Wandering Albatrosses at Bird Island, South Georgia

The Condor ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon D. Berrow ◽  
John P. Croxall
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Work Rate ◽  
Meal Size ◽  
Trip Duration ◽  
Foraging Patterns ◽  
South Georgia ◽  
Diomedea Exulans ◽  
Attendance Patterns ◽  
Provisioning Rate

Abstract We investigated foraging behavior of Wandering Albatrosses (Diomedea exulans) breeding at South Georgia to assess how sex and season-specific foraging patterns relate to provisioning performance. We estimated Wandering Albatross chicks require 60–65 kg of food over the chick-rearing period; males deliver 54% of this total. Meal size delivered by both sexes remained essentially constant throughout the post-brooding chick-rearing period, but foraging trip duration varied considerably. Females made consistently longer foraging trips and delivered smaller meals but transported an average load that was 20% heavier in proportion to their body mass than males. We suggest that chick-rearing places greater demands on females compared with males and Wandering Albatrosses work hard to deliver food during the first half of chick rearing (at the expense of their own condition), thereafter reduce their work rate, presumably so as not to compromise their survival.

Foraging patterns of Water Pipits (Anthus spinoletta) with nestlings

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1522-1529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Hendricks
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Niche Partitioning ◽  
Delivery Rate ◽  
Female Dominance ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Foraging Patterns ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Alpine Habitat ◽  
Nest Distribution

Foraging patterns of pairs of Water Pipits (Anthus spinoletta) nesting in alpine habitat in Wyoming were examined for sex-specific differences in division of space, how foraging behavior changes with nestling age, and how foraging behavior is modified to reduce the risk of nest detection by predators. Parental investment (measured by number of deliveries to nestlings, fecal sac removal, and time spent incubating and brooding) was not useful in predicting patterns of sexual niche partitioning of foraging space. There were no consistent patterns as to which sex foraged farthest from the nest. Distribution of the orientation of trip departures from nests, however, was significantly different between pair members in all cases. The mechanism(s) maintaining this pattern of spatial segregation is not known, but it may be the result of female dominance during the breeding season. Delivery rate of food to nestlings was positively correlated to nestling age. There was a concurrent positive correlation between delivery rate and percentage of foraging trips less than 50 m from the nest. Adult pipits flew significantly longer distances from nests when departing with fecal sacs. This is probably an adaptation to reduce the probability of nest detection by predators, and represents a trade-off between energy-efficient foraging and reproductive success.

Foraging habitat selection by American and Magellanic oystercatchers (Haematopus palliatus and H. leucopodus) on Patagonian tidal flats

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1636-1643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Siegel-Causey
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Tidal Flats ◽  
Foraging Habitat ◽  
Loglinear Models ◽  
Tidal State ◽  
Haematopus Palliatus

I examined the foraging behaviour of American and Magellanic oystercatchers on Patagonian tidal flats in the context of several abiotic and social factors. I analyzed the simultaneous effect of tidal state, wind speed, temperature, habitat preference, and species abundance of one species on the other by means of multiway contingency tables and loglinear models. Diets of both species were similar and reflected the natural abundances of prey items in the tidal flats. Both species were strongly influenced by tidal state when selecting foraging habitat, but other factors modified their preferences. I found that the foraging behavior of American Oystercatchers was determined solely by abiotic factors; i.e., tidal state, foraging period, and a higher order interaction effect between wind speed and tidal state. By contrast, no combination of abiotic factors was sufficient to explain the observed abundances of Magellanic Oystercatchers. Instead, their foraging behavior was facilitated by the presence of congeners in addition to abiotic factors.

scholarly journals A Novel Plant Root Foraging Algorithm for Image Segmentation Problems

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianbo Ma ◽  
Kunyuan Hu ◽  
Yunlong Zhu ◽  
Hanning Chen ◽  
Maowei He
Keyword(s):  
Image Segmentation ◽  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Biologically Inspired ◽  
Foraging Patterns ◽  
Root Foraging ◽  
New Type ◽  
Optimization Methodology ◽  
Multimodal Problems ◽  
Segmentation Problem

This paper presents a new type of biologically-inspired global optimization methodology for image segmentation based on plant root foraging behavior, namely, artificial root foraging algorithm (ARFO). The essential motive of ARFO is to imitate the significant characteristics of plant root foraging behavior including branching, regrowing, and tropisms for constructing a heuristic algorithm for multidimensional and multimodal problems. A mathematical model is firstly designed to abstract various plant root foraging patterns. Then, the basic process of ARFO algorithm derived in the model is described in details. When tested against ten benchmark functions, ARFO shows the superiority to other state-of-the-art algorithms on several benchmark functions. Further, we employed the ARFO algorithm to deal with multilevel threshold image segmentation problem. Experimental results of the new algorithm on a variety of images demonstrated the suitability of the proposed method for solving such problem.

Foraging Behavior of Glossy Black-Cockatoos

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 467 ◽  
Author(s):  
MN Clout ◽  
MN Clout
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eucalypt Forests ◽  
Total Seed

The foraging behaviour of glossy black-cockatoos (Calyptorhynchus lathami) was studied in eucalypt forests near Eden, New South Wales, Australia, from June 1982 to February 1983. In this area, the cockatoos fed solely on Allocasuarina littoralis seeds that they extracted from closed cones, leaving characteristic feeding litter beneath favoured trees. The cockatoos bred in winter and apparently raised their young entirely on A. littoralis seeds. They spent 88% of the day foraging. The basis on which the cockatoos selected particular A. littoralis trees in which to forage was investigated. They chose trees with larger cone crops but showed no evidence of selecting trees on the basis of cone size. They concentrated their foraging in trees bearing cones with a high ratio of total seed weight to cone weight, which is an index of the potential return (i.e. seeds) from each cone-opening effort.

Foraging in the subterranean social Damaraland mole-rat, Cryptomys damarensis: an investigation into size-dependent geophyte utilization and foraging patterns

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandy Barnett ◽  
Nigel C Bennett ◽  
Steven R Telford ◽  
Jennifer U.M Jarvis
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Foraging ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Optimal Foraging Theory ◽  
Foraging Patterns ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Mole Rat ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Resource Patches ◽  
Rate Of Consumption

The foraging behaviour of captive colonies of the Damaraland mole-rat, Cryptomys damarensis, was investigated in an artificial soil-filled burrow system provided with three tray patches that varied in bulb and corm (i.e., geophyte) density and size. Members of two founder colonies (comprising three and four mole-rats) were exposed to resource patches that varied in food profitability (both size and density of geophytes). There was no preference for excavating any of the patches with different densities or sizes of geophytes. The larger geophytes were preferentially stored and the smaller ones preferentially eaten both on encounter and within the food store. The duration of handling and rate of consumption of geophytes by 15 animals of various body sizes from three colonies were recorded. Handling time was related to the size of the geophytes. Small geophytes were less profitable to consume. It was concluded that the mole-rats generally followed the qualitative predictions of optimal foraging theory but fell short of being energy maximizers.

Foraging by Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti) during the chick-rearing period: general patterns, sex differences, and recommendations to reduce incidental catches in fishing nets

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 700-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina S Taylor ◽  
Marty L Leonard ◽  
Daryl J Boness ◽  
Patricia Majluf
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Commercial Fisheries ◽  
Foraging Patterns ◽  
Foraging Effort ◽  
Single Period ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Foraging Time

We studied the foraging behaviour of endangered Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti) to examine general foraging patterns, sex differences in foraging behaviour, and the reasons for incidental catches in fishing nets. Humboldt penguins foraged diurnally and typically made short, shallow dives within 30 m of the surface. Males and females made overnight (lasting 25.8 ± 3.4 h; mean ± SD) and day (10.4 ± 2.0 h) trips when they departed the colony to forage. Overnight trips were more common (68.2% of all trips) and were associated with a significantly greater amount of foraging time. Males dived to greater maximum depths than females but did not differ in other diving parameters, including foraging time, foraging effort, and proportions of day and overnight trips made. Adults may maintain their body condition during chick rearing by making a mixture of overnight and day trips. The two foraging periods observed during overnight trips may function to feed both the adults and the chicks, whereas the single period observed during day trips may function to accommodate the rate of provisioning required by the chicks. We suggest that both males and females would be protected from incidental catches in fishing nets if commercial fisheries avoided setting surface nets at night and setting nets between 0 and 30 m depth during the day in areas where penguins forage and transit.

The foraging behavior of a generalist feeder, the central mudminnow (Umbra limi)

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia A. Paszkowski
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Submerged Macrophytes ◽  
Foraging Success ◽  
Foraging Patterns ◽  
Natural Diet ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Bottom Substrate

The natural diet and habitat use patterns of the central mudminnow suggest that it is a generalist feeder capable of using a variety of foraging sites. Laboratory experiments were performed to measure the efficiency of this species as it foraged from four sites: open bottom substrate, the water column, submerged macrophytes, and the water's surface. Midwater, macrophyte, and surface foraging rates did not differ significantly from each other, whereas bottom rates were somewhat lower. Foraging success was also unaffected by small changes in the experimental environment. Significant variation existed among the foraging patterns of individual fish. The observed versatility of the mudminnow's foraging behavior could aid this species in exploiting physically severe, variable, unproductive, and (or) species-poor environments.

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