The behavioural ecology of dingoes in north-western Australia. IV. Social and spatial organistaion, and movements

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 543 ◽  
Author(s):  
PC Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Territory Size ◽  
Large Prey ◽  
Seasonal Influence ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Variable Size ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Pack Size ◽  
Control Work ◽  
North Western

Dingoes, Canis familiaris dingo, were studied on the lower Fortescue River during a period when minimal natural or artificial disturbances occurred. From 1975 to 1978, 34 radio-collared dingoes were tracked and observed from aircraft for 2-36 months (mean 11 months). Tracking yielded 9179 daytime and 2229 night-time locations. In all, 25% of dingoes sighted were alone, 21% were in pairs, and 54% were in groups of three or more. Most dingoes were members of five discrete packs (mean monthly pack size 3-12 members) that occupied long-term essentially non-overlapping territories. Territory size (44.5-113.2km*2) was not correlated with pack size. Between-pack encounters were extremely rare. Members of packs were most often seen in smaller groups of variable size (mean 2.2, range 1-12); the largest observed groups of pack members were associated with feeding and hunting activities involving large prey. Dingoes were most gregarious during the prebreeding season. Lone dingoes (n = 3) displayed no pack affiliations, occupied large ranges that overlapped the mosaic of pack territories, and avoided encounters with packs. Dingoes utilised some habitats more heavily than others, with activity often being centred on riverine areas. The greatest seasonal influence on movement patterns occurred during the nursing period when breeding females were mostly confined to den areas. Implications for the control of dingoes, including the strategy of confining control work to buffer zones, are discussed.

The behavioural ecology of dingoes in north-western Australia. II. Activity patterns, breeding season and pup rearing

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 519 ◽  
Author(s):  
PC Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Scent Marking ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Mating Period ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Radio Contact ◽  
North Western

This paper reports aspects of a long-term study (1975-84) of the ecology, social organisation and behaviour of dingoes, Canis familiaris dingo, on the lower Fortescue River in Western Australia. In all, 170 dingoes were fitted with radio-collars and tracked from aircraft. Dingoes were sighted during 59% of the 13 618 occasions that they were being radio-tracked during the day. Radio-tracking yielded 31 229 daytime and 3016 night-time locations of radio-collared dingoes. The average duration of radio contact with 146 dingoes was 9 months (range 1-35 months). Dingoes were most active around sunrise and sunset, moderately active during the night, and least active during the heat of the day. Travelling (local meandering and more purposeful movement) was the most commonly witnessed activity. Levels of scent-marking (raised-leg urination and ground-scratching), howling and general activity increased over the 2-3 months prior to the mating period, suggesting that dingoes may have a long pro-oestrus (1-2 months). Whelping took place from mid-May to mid-August (mean date 18 July). The characteristics of natal dens are described. The pattern of activities associated with pup-rearing, including alloparental behaviour, closely followed that of related canids.

The behavioural ecology of dingoes in north-western Australia. VI. Temporary extraterritorial movements and dispersal

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 585 ◽  
Author(s):  
PC Thomson ◽  
K Rose ◽  
NE Kok
Keyword(s):  
Small Groups ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Site Fidelity ◽  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Behavioural Ecology ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Control Work ◽  
North Western

Between 1975 and 1984, 105 radio-collared dingoes, Canis familiaris dingo, were tracked and observed from aircraft on the Fortescue River in Western Australia. Dingoes maintained strong site fidelity and seldom travelled far beyond their territories. In total, 81 forays (moves > 2km beyond territory boundaries) were identified from 6598 independent locations of pack members; 80 were < 10km from territory boundaries. Forays involved individuals as well as small groups; 68.2% of 22 confirmed individual forays were made by males. Forays occurred in all seasons and years. Some forays appeared to be related to subsequent dispersal. A total of 25 dingoes dispersed as solitary individuals. Mean dispersal distance beyond known pack territories was 20.1km (n = 19, range = 1-184 km). Males tended to disperse further than females and had a higher incidence of dispersal. Five groups of pack members and one entire pack also dispersed. The incidence of dispersal was highest when population density was high and food supply was low. Dispersal was facilitated by the availability of vacant areas. Humans caused much of the mortality of dispersing dingoes. The patterns of dispersal by individuals and groups, and the factors that influence them are similar for dingoes and the related canid, the wolf, Canis lupus. Control work in buffer zones must provide a satisfactory dispersal sink to minimise the risk of incursions by dingoes into livestock-grazing areas.

Patient survival after acute myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention within the left main coronary artery according to time of admission

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Januszek ◽  
K Bujak ◽  
M Gasior ◽  
D Dudek ◽  
S Bartus
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Left Main Coronary Artery ◽  
Left Main ◽  
Night Time ◽  
St Segment Elevation ◽  
Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction ◽  
St Segment ◽  
Coronary Syndromes ◽  
Overall Mortality

Abstract Background Previously published studies assessing the time effect of primary percutaneous intervention (PCI) on long-term clinical outcomes in an overall group of patients with acute coronary syndromes has been widely investigated. It has been suggested that night-time admission may negatively influence long-term overall mortality. Patients treated within the left main coronary artery (LMCA) belong a narrow group of high-risk procedures that require an operator and a team with high skills. Purpose The aim of the presented study was to assess the relationship between the time of pPCI (day- vs. night-time) and overall mortality among patients treated due to AMI within the LMCA. Methods This observational study was performed on 443,805 patients hospitalised due to non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) or ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Patients were prospectively enrolled between January 2006 and December 2018 in the ongoing Polish Registry of Acute Coronary Syndromes (PL-ACS). From the overall group of patients, the authors selected 5,404 patients treated within the LMCA. After taking exclusion criteria into consideration, the patients were divided according to time of PCI treatment: daytime hours (7:00 a.m.-10:59 p.m.) – 2,809 patients and night-time hours (11:00 p.m. - 6.59 a.m.) – 473 patients. Results Patients treated during night-time and daytime did not differ significantly in age (70.79 [61.52–79.73] vs. 69.73 [60.8–78.82] years, p=0.13) or gender – males (67.6% vs. 67.0%, p=0.79). Patients treated during daytime presented with significantly higher rate of STEMIs (67.2% vs. 49.9%) and lower rate of NSTEMIs (32.8% vs. 50.1%) in comparison to those treated during night-time (p&lt;0.001). The 30-day and 12-month overall mortality rates were significantly greater among patients treated during night-time hours (20.3% vs. 14.9%, p=0.003) and (31.7% vs. 26.2%, p=0.001). Kaplan-Maier survival curves confirmed this relationship (p=0.001). Multiple regression analysis did not confirm that the time of pPCI (day- vs. night-time) is significantly related to survival (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.22; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.96–1.55, p=0.099). However, significance was achieved for the left ventricle ejection fraction (HR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.94–0.95, p&lt;0.001), systolic blood pressure on admission (HR: 0.995; 95% CI: 0.991–0.998, p=0.005), age (HR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.03–1.05, p&lt;0.001), the use of intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation (HR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.03–1.05, p&lt;0.001) and diagnosed peripheral artery disease (HR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.2–2.01, p&lt;0.001). Conclusions The time of pPCI (day- vs. night-time) in patients with AMI and treated within the LMCA is related to the overall 30-day and 12-month survival which is poorer in those treated during the night-time. However, this relationship was not confirmed by multiple regression analysis and was not found to be significant among other stronger predictors. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

scholarly journals Evaluating the Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Agricultural Drought in Bangladesh Using Effective Drought Index

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Kamruzzaman ◽  
Syewoon Hwang ◽  
Jaepil Cho ◽  
Min-Won Jang ◽  
Hanseok Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Central Region ◽  
Drought Index ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Effective Drought Index ◽  
Spatiotemporal Characteristics ◽  
North Western

This study aims to assess the spatiotemporal characteristics of agricultural droughts in Bangladesh during 1981–2015 using the Effective Drought Index (EDI). Monthly precipitation data for 36 years (1980–2015) obtained from 27 metrological stations, were used in this study. The EDI performance was evaluated for four sub-regions over the country through comparisons with historical drought records identified by regional analysis. Analysis at a regional level showed that EDI could reasonably detect the drought years/events during the study period. The study also presented that the overall drought severity had increased during the past 35 years. The characteristics (severity and duration) of drought were also analyzed in terms of the spatiotemporal evolution of the frequency of drought events. It was found that the western and central regions of the country are comparatively more vulnerable to drought. Moreover, the southwestern region is more prone to extreme drought, whereas the central region is more prone to severe droughts. Besides, the central region was more prone to extra-long-term droughts, while the coastal areas in the southwestern as well as in the central and north-western regions were more prone to long-term droughts. The frequency of droughts in all categories significantly increased during the last quinquennial period (2011 to 2015). The seasonal analysis showed that the north-western areas were prone to extreme droughts during the Kharif (wet) and Rabi (dry) seasons. The central and northern regions were affected by recurring severe droughts in all cropping seasons. Further, the most significant increasing trend of the drought-affected area was observed within the central region, especially during the pre-monsoon (March–May) season. The results of this study can aid policymakers in the development of drought mitigation strategies in the future.

ABPM Comparison of the Anti-Hypertensive Profiles of Telmisartan and Enalapril in Patients with Mild-to-Moderate Essential Hypertension

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 543-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Amerena ◽  
S Pappas ◽  
J-P Ouellet ◽  
L Williams ◽  
D O'Shaughnessy
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Study Drug ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Moderate Essential Hypertension ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Once Daily

In this multicentre, prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded-endpoint (PROBE) study, the efficacy of 12 weeks' treatment with once-daily telmisartan 40–80 mg and enalapril 10–20 mg was evaluated using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in 522 patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. Patients were titrated to the higher dose of study drug at week 6 if mean seated diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was ≥ 90 mmHg. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline in ambulatory DBP in the last 6 h of the 24-h dosing interval after 12 weeks' treatment. Telmisartan and enalapril produced similar reductions from baseline in DBP and systolic blood pressure (SBP) over all ABPM periods evaluated (last 6 h, 24-h, daytime and night-time). Telmisartan produced a significantly greater reduction in mean seated trough DBP, measured unblinded with an automated ABPM device in the clinic, amounting to a difference of −2.02 mmHg ( P < 0.01). A significantly greater proportion of patients achieved a seated diastolic response with telmisartan than enalapril (59% versus 50%; P < 0.05), also measured with the same ABPM device. Both treatments were well tolerated. Compared with telmisartan, enalapril was associated with a higher incidence of cough (8.9% versus 0.8%) and hypotension (3.9% versus 1.1%). Therefore, telmisartan may provide better long-term compliance and, consequently, better blood pressure control than enalapril.

Transformations of Identity and Society in Anglo-Saxon Essex

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Mirrington
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Cultural Affiliation ◽  
Profound Influence ◽  
North Western

Transformations of Identity and Society in Anglo-Saxon Essex: A Case Study of an Early Medieval North Atlantic Community presents the results of a comprehensive archaeological study of early medieval Essex (c.AD 400-1066). This region provides an important case study for examining coastal societies of north-western Europe. Drawing on a wealth of new data, the author demonstrates the profound influence of maritime contacts on changing expressions of cultural affiliation. It is argued that this Continental orientation reflects Essex’s longterm engagement with the emergent, dynamic North Sea network. The wide chronological focus and inclusive dataset enables long-term socio-economic continuity and transformation to be revealed. These include major new insights into the construction of group identity in Essex between the 5th and 11th centuries and the identification of several previously unknown sites of exchange. The presentation also includes the first full archaeological study of Essex under ‘Viking’ rule.

Constraints on socio-buffering around the Mantadia National Park in Madagascar

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Shyamsundar
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
National Park ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Stake Holder ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Integrated Conservation ◽  
Integrated Conservation And Development ◽  
Conservation And Development Projects

SummaryIntegrated conservation and development projects (ICDPs) involve the establishment of parks and reserves with protective or buffer zones around them. Socio-buffering provides local residents with alternatives to traditional land-use activities, but the actual implementation of socio-buffering programmes is difficult.Socio-economic requirements and constraints to socio-buffering were assessed for the Mantadia National Park in eastern Madagascar based on five criteria. Previously unused lands for compensating people for loss of access to areas within the park were found to be insufficient. While there existed institutions and programmes for developing substitute land-use activities, successful adoption of these activities was crucially dependent on their economic viability. Socio-buffering activities need to not only provide goods that are substitutes for goods that are traditionally consumed, but they also need to be at least as profitable as traditional economic efforts. Also, if land and labour are not a constraint to agricultural expansion, socio-buffering activities can themselves result in increased deforestation. Finally, the long-term effectiveness of socio-buffering was likely to be dependent on the satisfaction of a number of stake-holder interests, and on explicit linkages developed between socio-buffering activities and conservation.

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