Changes in the Haematology of Antechinus Stuartii (Marsupialia), and Their Association With Male Mortality.

1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
PD Cheal ◽  
AK Lee ◽  
JL Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Gastrointestinal Haemorrhage ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Severe Stress ◽  
Aerobic Scope ◽  
Male Mortality ◽  
Antechinus Stuartii

Seasonal changes in the blood parameters of A. stuartii show that most males and a few females are anaemic immediately preceding the post-mating mortality of males. Gastrointestinal haemorrhage and intravascular haemolysis, possibly resulting from infections of Babesia sp., appear probable causes of the anaemias. The marked lymphopenias and neutrophilias observed in males, but not females, are consistent with other evidence of a severe stress response in males at this time. The reduction in haemoglobin concentration and haematocrit detected in most anaemic animals was correlated with an increase in the resting oxygen consumption and a reduction in aerobic scope. These changes coincide with a time of considerable energy expenditure by males and may contribute to their demise.

scholarly journals Simulated maternal stress reduces offspring aerobic swimming performance in Pacific salmon

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda I Banet ◽  
Stephen J Healy ◽  
Erika J Eliason ◽  
Edward A Roualdes ◽  
David A Patterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Maternal Stress ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Aerobic Scope ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Treatment Groups

Abstract Pacific salmon routinely encounter stressors during their upriver spawning migration, which have the potential to influence offspring through hormonally-mediated maternal effects. To disentangle genetic vs. hormonal effects on offspring swimming performance, we collected gametes from three species of Pacific salmon (Chinook, pink and sockeye) at the end of migration and exposed a subset of eggs from each female to cortisol baths to simulate high levels of maternal stress. Fertilised eggs were reared to fry and put through a series of aerobic swim trials. Results show that exposure to cortisol early in development reduces maximum oxygen consumption while swimming, and decreases aerobic scope in all three species. Resting oxygen consumption did not differ between cortisol and control treatment groups. We also examined several metrics that could influence aerobic performance, and found no differences between treatment groups in haematocrit%, haemoglobin concentration, heart mass, citrate synthase activity or lactate dehydrogenase activity. Though it was not the focus of this study, an interesting discovery was that pink salmon had a higher MO2max and aerobic scope relative to the other species, which was supported by a greater haematocrit, haemoglobin, a larger heart and higher CS activity. Some management and conservation practices for Pacific salmon focus efforts primarily on facilitating adult spawning. However, if deleterious effects of maternal stress acquired prior to spawning persist into the next generation, consideration will need to be given to sub-lethal effects that could be imparted onto offspring from maternal stress.

Observations on Spontaneous Stress-Related Mortality Among Males of the Dasyurid Marsupial Antechinus Stuartii Macleay.

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 435 ◽  
Author(s):  
IK Barker ◽  
I Beveridge ◽  
AJ Bradley ◽  
AK Lee
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Haemorrhage ◽  
Hepatic Necrosis ◽  
Male Mortality ◽  
Duodenal Ulcers ◽  
Concomitant Reduction ◽  
Antechinus Stuartii ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Latent Disease ◽  
High Level ◽  
Related Mortality

Splenic follicle sizes in male A. stuartii killed during the period of male mortality in 1973 were smaller than those of females killed at the same time. In 1974, all 17 males and two of four females held in the laboratory died during the period of male mortality in the field. Significant findings in some moribund animals included moderate anaemia, associated with heavy parasitaemias by Babesia sp. and elevated plasma corticosteroid levels. At autopsy, a high proportion of animals had haemoglobinuria, focal hepatic necrosis, and gastrointestinal haemorrhage due to gastric and duodenal ulcers. Males dying spontaneously had severely involuted splenic follicles. Listeria monocytogenes was recovered from four livers with focal necrosis but not from six livers with no necrotic foci. Splenic follicles were smaller in one group of males treated experimentally with a high level of exogenous corticosteroid. Deaths were related mainly to gastrointestinal haemorrhage, listeriosis and possibly babesiosis, considered to be associated with an adrenocortical response to stress, and concomitant reduction in resistance to infec- tion or latent disease. The probability that this syndrome is involved in mortality in the field is discussed.

Seasonal changes in aerobic fitness indices in elite cyclists

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 735-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldo Sassi ◽  
Franco M. Impellizzeri ◽  
Andrea Morelli ◽  
Paolo Menaspà ◽  
Ermanno Rampinini
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Absolute Maximum ◽  
Maximum Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Elite Cyclists

The primary purpose of this study was to compare seasonal changes in cycling gross efficiency (GE) and economy (EC) with changes in other aerobic fitness indices. The secondary aim was to assess the relationship between maximum oxygen consumption, GE, and EC among elite cyclists. The relationships of maximum oxygen consumption with GE and EC were studied in 13 cyclists (8 professional road cyclists and 5 mountain bikers). Seasonal changes in GE and EC, predicted time to exhaustion (pTE), maximum oxygen consumption, and respiratory compensation point (RCP) were examined in a subgroup of 8 subjects, before (TREST) and after (TPRECOMP) the pre-competitive winter training, and during the competitive period (TCOMP). GE and EC were assessed during a constant power test at 75% of peak power output (PPO). Significant main effect for time was found for maximum oxygen consumption (4.623 ± 0.675, 4.879 ± 0.727, and 5.010 ± 0.663 L·min–1; p = 0.028), PPO (417.8 ± 46.5, 443.0 ± 48.0, and 455 ± 48 W; p < 0.001), oxygen uptake at RCP (3.866 ± 0.793, 4.041 ± 0.685, and 4.143 ± 0.643 L·min–1; p = 0.049), power output at RCP (330 ± 64, 354 ± 52, and 361 ± 50 W; p < 0.001), and pTE (17 ± 4, 30 ± 8, and 46 ± 17 min; p < 0.001). No significant main effect for time was found in GE (p = 0.097) or EC (p = 0.225), despite within-subject seasonal changes. No significant correlations were found between absolute maximum oxygen consumption and GE (r = –0.276; p = 0.359) or EC (r = –0.328; p = 0.272). However, cyclists with high maximum oxygen consumption values (i.e., over 80 mL·kg–1·min–1), showed low efficiency rates. Despite within-subject seasonal waves in cycling efficiency, changes in GE and EC should not be expected as direct consequence of changes in other maximal and submaximal parameters of aerobic fitness (i.e., maximum oxygen consumption and RCP).

The impact of botfly parasitism on the health of the gracile mouse opossum (Gracilinanus agilis)

Parasitology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 146 (8) ◽  
pp. 1013-1021
Author(s):  
Priscilla Lóra Zangrandi ◽  
André Faria Mendonça ◽  
Ariovaldo Pereira Cruz-Neto ◽  
Rudy Boonstra ◽  
Emerson M. Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Food Supplementation ◽  
Local Extinctions ◽  
The Impact

AbstractFragmented habitats generally harbour small populations that are potentially more prone to local extinctions caused by biotic factors such as parasites. We evaluated the effects of botflies (Cuterebra apicalis) on naturally fragmented populations of the gracile mouse opossum (Gracilinanus agilis). We examined how sex, food supplementation experiment, season and daily climatic variables affected body condition and haemoglobin concentration in animals that were parasitized or not by botflies. Although parasitism did not affect body condition, haemoglobin concentrations were lower in parasitized animals. Among the non-parasitized individuals, haemoglobin concentration increased with the increase of maximum temperature and the decrease of relative humidity, a climatic pattern found at the peak of the dry season. However, among parasitized animals, the opposite relationship between haemoglobin concentration and relative humidity occurred, as a consequence of parasite-induced anaemia interacting with dehydration as an additional stressor. We conclude that it is critical to assess how climate affects animal health (through blood parameters) to understand the population consequences of parasitism on the survival of individuals and hence of small population viability.

Corticosteroid levels and male mortality in Antechinus stuartii

1977 ◽  
pp. 209-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony K. Lee ◽  
Adrian J. Bradley ◽  
Richard W. Braithwaite
Keyword(s):  
Male Mortality ◽  
Antechinus Stuartii

Blood Parameters in Natural Populations of Trichosurus Species (Marsupialia: Phalangeridae). I. Age, Sex and Seasonal Variation in T. Caninus and T. Vulpecula. Ii. Influence of Habitat and Population Strategies of T. Caninus and T. Vulpecula.

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 913 ◽  
Author(s):  
JL Barnett ◽  
RA How ◽  
WF Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Red Blood Cell Count

Age, sex and seasonal related changes in body weight and blood parameters were determined for T caninus and T. vulpecula, whose distribution overlapped in part of the study area. In T. caninus age-related changes occurred in body weight, mean plasma glucose and protein concentrations and haematocrit. Seasonal changes occurred in plasma glucose and protein concentrations, haemoglobin concentration and red blood cell count. There were sexual dimorphisms in haematocrit, haemoglobin concentration and red blood cell count in both species; the mean values were greater in males. T. vulpecula also exhibited a sexual dimorphism in body weight (males > females). The only seasonal change in T. vulpecula was in haemoglobin concentration. Comparison of the species as adults showed that T. caninus had higher mean levels of body weight, haematocrit and haemoglobin concentration, while plasma lipid concentration and red blood cell counts were greater in T vulpecula. These species differences may be a reflection of the diets of the two species. In addition the measured parameters showed greater seasonal variation in T. caninus, a K-selected species, than in T. vulpecula, which is more r-selected.

OXYGEN CONSUMPTION AND BLOOD FLOW IN THE SUBMAXILLARY GLAND OF THE DOG

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Godwin Terroux ◽  
P. Sekelj ◽  
A. S. V. Burgen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Submaxillary Gland ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Submaxillary Glands ◽  
Serial Samples ◽  
Saliva Flow ◽  
Extra Oxygen

The blood flow and oxygen consumption of the submaxillary glands of seven dogs were measured while the glands were at rest and during secretory activity. Serial samples of blood were delivered directly from blood vessels to the cell of a cuvette oximeter, so that during the course of an experiment changes in haemoglobin concentration and oxygen saturation of the blood issuing from the submaxillary vein could be followed. A. flowmeter connected with the salivary duct, and recording on a Sanborn Polyviso, gave a continuous record of the rate of saliva flow. The resting blood flow was 0.26 ± 0.11 ml/g min and the resting oxygen consumption, 27 ± 6 μl/g min. During activity there was an approximately linear relationship between the rate of saliva flow and the the extra oxygen consumption. There was poor correlation between oxygen consumption and blood flow. Atropine had little or no effect on resting glands, but depressed both the rate of saliva flow and the extra oxygen consumption associated with it, in doses which had no effect on the vasodilator response to stimulation.

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