Segregation distortion causes large-scale differences between male and female genomes in hybrid ants

This article explores constructions of gender, masculinity, and class in moral crimes prosecutions, and their legal aftermaths in Afghanistan. It argues that the lack of attention to men in advocacy and research about moral crimes, while reflecting a (geo-) politicized conflation of gender with women, constitute both an empirical and an analytical oversight. The first part of the article discusses the legal grounds for the prosecution of men for “moral crimes” in Afghanistan and presents statistical data that reveals large-scale incarceration of men for pursuing consensual, heterosexual relations, including the non-codified crime of elopement. In the second part, we use ethnographic data to probe into the ways in which the treatment of male elopers are based on specific notions of gender, sexuality, and masculinity. We suggest that the interrelated, yet differentiated, prosecution of male and female elopers in Afghanistan can be usefully understood in terms of a gender regime that places different expectations on men and women. Women’s gender performance is ranked according to (verifiable) chastity, men’s gender performance according to the (legitimate, i.e., honorable) command of resources.

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Mining the Blogosphere: Age, gender and the varieties of self-expression

First Monday ◽

10.5210/fm.v12i9.2003 ◽

2007 ◽

Cited By ~ 75

Author(s):

Shlomo Argamon ◽

Moshe Koppel ◽

James W. Pennebaker ◽

Jonathan Schler

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

English Text ◽

Primary Result ◽

Writing Style ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Male And Female ◽

And Gender

The growth of the blogosphere offers an unprecedented opportunity to study language and how people use it on a large scale. We present an analysis of over 140 million words of English text drawn from the blogosphere, exploring if and how age and gender affect writing style and topic. Our primary result is that a number of stylistic and content-based indicators are significantly affected by both age and gender, and that the main difference between older and younger bloggers, and between male and female bloggers, lies in the extent to which their discourse is outer- or inner-directed. In fact, the linguistic factors that increase in use with age are just those used more by males of any age, and conversely, those that decrease in use with age are those used more by females of any age.

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Large-scale heterospecific segregation distortion in Populus revealed by a dense genetic map

Theoretical and Applied Genetics ◽

10.1007/s00122-004-1653-5 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 109 (3) ◽

pp. 451-463 ◽

Cited By ~ 106

Author(s):

T. M. Yin ◽

S. P. DiFazio ◽

L. E. Gunter ◽

D. Riemenschneider ◽

G. A. Tuskan

Keyword(s):

Genetic Map ◽

Segregation Distortion ◽

Large Scale

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A Stress Analysis of Teachers Job: Investigating the Phenomenon of Teacher Stress

Global Regional Review ◽

10.31703/grr.2019(iv-iv).51 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol IV (IV) ◽

pp. 568-574

Author(s):

Muhammad Zaigham Qadeer ◽

Muhammad Nisar Ul Haq ◽

Javed Iqbal

Keyword(s):

Secondary School ◽

Classroom Environment ◽

Work Performance ◽

Large Scale ◽

Secondary School Teachers ◽

Stress Factors ◽

Public Image ◽

Male And Female ◽

Female Teachers ◽

Level Of Significance

This research was conducted to explore the phenomena of a study on the essence of stress faced by secondary-level teachers in Rawalpindi to find out the teacher experience of stress and to identify the sources of stress between male and female teachers. The population of the study was comprised of all the teachers working in Govt secondary school of district Rawalpindi. The sample of the study comprised 100 secondary school teachers 50 males and 50 females were selected randomly. Data collected through questionnaires were tabulated, analyzed and interpreted using t-test at0.05 level of significance. The empirical study identified stress factors that have effects on male and female teachers work performance. The causes are poor low pay status, poor classroom environment, professional distress, large-scale class, poor public image, etc. The results of this study showed that there is no substantial difference in stress among male and female teachers.

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Towards sex identification of Asian Palmyra palm (Borassus flabelliferL.) by DNA fingerprinting, suppression subtractive hybridization andde novotranscriptome sequencing

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.7268 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. e7268

Author(s):

Kwanjai Pipatchartlearnwong ◽

Piyada Juntawong ◽

Passorn Wonnapinij ◽

Somsak Apisitwanich ◽

Supachai Vuttipongchaikij

Keyword(s):

Dna Fingerprinting ◽

Suppression Subtractive Hybridization ◽

Transcriptome Sequencing ◽

Large Scale ◽

De Novo ◽

Subtractive Hybridization ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Dna Fingerprints ◽

Juvenile Period ◽

Male And Female

BackgroundAsian Palmyra palm, the source of palm-sugar, is dioecious with a long juvenile period requiring at least 12 years to reach its maturity. To date, there is no reliable molecular marker for identifying sexes before the first bloom, limiting crop designs and utilization. We aimed to identify sex-linked markers for this palm using PCR-based DNA fingerprinting, suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) and transcriptome sequencing.MethodsDNA fingerprints were generated between males and females based on RAPD, AFLP, SCoT, modified SCoT, ILP, and SSR techniques. Large-scale cloning and screening of SSH libraries andde novotranscriptome sequencing of male and female cDNA from inflorescences were performed to identify sex-specific genes for developing sex-linked markers.ResultsThrough extensive screening and re-testing of the DNA fingerprints (up to 1,204 primer pairs) and transcripts from SSH (>10,000 clones) and transcriptome data, however, no sex-linked marker was identified. Althoughde novotranscriptome sequencing of male and female inflorescences provided ∼32 million reads and 187,083 assembled transcripts, PCR analysis of selected sex-highly represented transcripts did not yield any sex-linked marker. This result may suggest the complexity and small sex-determining region of the Asian Palmyra palm. To this end, we provide the first global transcripts of male and female inflorescences of Asian Palmyra palm. Interestingly, sequence annotation revealed a large proportion of transcripts related to sucrose metabolism, which corresponds to the sucrose-rich sap produced in the inflorescences, and these transcripts will be useful for further understanding of sucrose production in sugar crop plants. Provided lists of sex-specific and differential-expressed transcripts would be beneficial to the further study of sexual development and sex-linked markers in palms and related species.

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Isolation of Ethyl Methanesulfonate-Induced Gametophytic Mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana by a Segregation Distortion Assay Using the Multimarker Chromosome 1

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/151.2.849 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 151 (2) ◽

pp. 849-863 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Paul E Grini ◽

Arp Schnittger ◽

Heinz Schwarz ◽

Inge Zimmermann ◽

Birgit Schwab ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Segregation Distortion ◽

Marked Reduction ◽

Marker Chromosome ◽

Chromosome 1 ◽

Phenotypic Analysis ◽

Male And Female ◽

Pollen Tube Elongation ◽

And Function

Abstract The life cycle of plants comprises two alternating generations, the diploid sporophyte (spore-bearing plant) and the haploid gametophyte (gamete-bearing plant). In contrast to animals, the postmeiotic cells give rise to haploid organisms whose function is to produce the gametes and to mediate fertilization. Analysis of gametophyte development and function has been hampered by the difficulty of identifying haplo-phase-specific mutants in conventional mutagenesis screens. Here we use a genetic strategy that is based on segregation distortion of nearby visible markers to screen for EMS-induced gametophytic mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana. Using the multiple marker chromosome mm1 we have isolated seven lines that displayed an altered segregation of markers. Reciprocal backcrosses of these lines showed a marked reduction of the transmission of the male and/or female gametes. Phenotypic analysis revealed that different aspects of either gametophytic development or function were affected. Three male gametophytic lines showed specific arrests during pollen development. One male gametophytic line was specifically defective in pollen tube elongation. Three gametophytic lines showed variable defects in both male and female gametophytic development.

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Changthangi Goats: A rich source of pashmina production in Ladakh

Animal Genetic Resources Information ◽

10.1017/s1014233900001826 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 75-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

T.K. Bhattacharya ◽

S.S. Misra ◽

F.D. Sheikh ◽

P. Kumar ◽

A. Sharma

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Large Scale ◽

Fibre Diameter ◽

The Body ◽

Whole Body ◽

Growth Hormone Gene ◽

Body Colour ◽

Male And Female ◽

Pcr Rflp ◽

Preliminary Study

SummaryPashmina, internationally known as “cashmere”, a fine luxury fibre, is being produced from Changthangi goats bred in the Ladakh region of India. The Leh district of Greater Ladakh produces around 30 000 kg of pashmina fibre which is harvested from about 0.15 million Changthangi goats reared by the Changpa nomads in Changthang region of Greater Ladakh. Changthangi goats are sometimes also called Changra goats. Pashmina producing goats are of great importance for revitalising the economy of the poverty stricken region of Changthang and the Leh district of Ladakh. The information on Changthangi goats was collected from both small and large-scale farmers in Ladakh, and 337 animals were included in the study.The body colour of Changthangi goats varies from white to light brown and nearly whole body is covered with pashmina and long hairs. The average birth weights of male and female kids were estimated as 2.11 ± 0.3 and 2.06 ± 0.2 kg, respectively while weight at 300 days was found to be 20.0 ± 2.1 and 18.7 ± 1.9 kg in male and females respectively.The pashmina yields of bucks, does, male hoggets and female hoggets were estimated as 402 ± 19 g, 248 ± 14 g, 255 ± 12 and 280 ± 16 g, respectively. The length of pashmina fibre was found to be 4.25 ± 1.2 cm in males and 4.02 ± 1.5 cm in females while fibre diameter in male and female goats was estimated as 12.9 ± 2.6 μ and 13.0 ± 3.0 μ, respectively.The twining rate was found to be very low, nearly 0.3%. A preliminary study at DNA level with PCR-RFLP indicated monomorphism at the growth hormone gene. The occurrence of disease was quite low although some genetic deformities in this breed were not uncommon.

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Evidence for genetic incompatibilities associated with post-zygotic reproductive isolation in the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans

Genome ◽

10.1139/gen-2014-0077 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 57 (6) ◽

pp. 335-344 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Aaron A. Vogan ◽

Jianping Xu

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Isolation ◽

Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽

Segregation Distortion ◽

Fungal Pathogen ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Large Scale ◽

Hybrid Progeny ◽

Epistatic Interactions ◽

Human Fungal Pathogen ◽

Hybrid Cross

Hybridization is a potent mechanism for generating unique strains with broad host ranges and increased virulence in fungal pathogens. In the opportunistic basidiomycete pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans, intervarietal hybrids are commonly found infecting patients. The two parental varieties C. neoformans var. grubii and C. neoformans var. neoformans mate readily under laboratory conditions, but the hybrid basidiospores have germination rates about four times lower than those from intravarietal crosses. Here, we used microdissection to collect basidiospores from a hybrid cross and analysed the genotypes of germinated basidiospores to identify potentially antagonistic allelic combinations between loci that impact basidiospore germination. Our analyses showed clear evidence for Bateson–Dobzhansky–Muller (BDM) incompatibility affecting basidiospore viability. Antagonistic combinations of alleles from both two loci and three loci were found. Interestingly, most of the hybrid progeny showed segregation distortion in favour of the alleles from var. neoformans, consistent with large-scale epistatic interactions among loci affecting basidiospore viability. Our study presents the first evidence of BDM incompatibility between nuclear genes affecting post-zygotic reproductive isolation in this model basidiomycete yeast.

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