scholarly journals Modeling memory consolidation during posttraining periods in cerebellovestibular learning

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 3541-3546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadashi Yamazaki ◽  
Soichi Nagao ◽  
William Lennon ◽  
Shigeru Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Mossy Fiber ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Optokinetic Response ◽  
Term Memory

Long-term depression (LTD) at parallel fiber–Purkinje cell (PF–PC) synapses is thought to underlie memory formation in cerebellar motor learning. Recent experimental results, however, suggest that multiple plasticity mechanisms in the cerebellar cortex and cerebellar/vestibular nuclei participate in memory formation. To examine this possibility, we formulated a simple model of the cerebellum with a minimal number of components based on its known anatomy and physiology, implementing both LTD and long-term potentiation (LTP) at PF–PC synapses and mossy fiber–vestibular nuclear neuron (MF–VN) synapses. With this model, we conducted a simulation study of the gain adaptation of optokinetic response (OKR) eye movement. Our model reproduced several important aspects of previously reported experimental results in wild-type and cerebellum-related gene-manipulated mice. First, each 1-h training led to the formation of short-term memory of learned OKR gain at PF–PC synapses, which diminished throughout the day. Second, daily repetition of the training gradually formed long-term memory that was maintained for days at MF–VN synapses. We reproduced such memory formation under various learning conditions. Third, long-term memory formation occurred after training but not during training, indicating that the memory consolidation occurred during posttraining periods. Fourth, spaced training outperformed massed training in long-term memory formation. Finally, we reproduced OKR gain changes consistent with the changes in the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) previously reported in some gene-manipulated mice.

Short-term memory formation and long-term memory consolidation are enhanced by cellular prion association to stress-inducible protein 1

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 282-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana S. Coitinho ◽  
Marilene H. Lopes ◽  
Glaucia N.M. Hajj ◽  
Janine I. Rossato ◽  
Adriana R. Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Inducible Protein

scholarly journals Memory Consolidation for Contextual and Auditory Fear Conditioning Is Dependent on Protein Synthesis, PKA, and MAP Kinase

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn E. Schafe ◽  
Nicole V. Nadel ◽  
Gregory M. Sullivan ◽  
Alexander Harris ◽  
Joseph E. LeDoux
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Map Kinase ◽  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Fear Memory ◽  
Term Memory

Fear conditioning has received extensive experimental attention. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that underlie fear memory consolidation. Previous studies have shown that long-term potentiation (LTP) exists in pathways known to be relevant to fear conditioning and that fear conditioning modifies neural processing in these pathways in a manner similar to LTP induction. The present experiments examined whether inhibition of protein synthesis, PKA, and MAP kinase activity, treatments that block LTP, also interfere with the consolidation of fear conditioning. Rats were injected intraventricularly with Anisomycin (100 or 300 μg), Rp-cAMPS (90 or 180 μg), or PD098059 (1 or 3 μg) prior to conditioning and assessed for retention of contextual and auditory fear memory both within an hour and 24 hr later. Results indicated that injection of these compounds selectively interfered with long-term memory for contextual and auditory fear, while leaving short-term memory intact. Additional control groups indicated that this effect was likely due to impaired memory consolidation rather than to nonspecific effects of the drugs on fear expression. Results suggest that fear conditioning and LTP may share common molecular mechanisms.

scholarly journals Meningeal γδ T cell–derived IL-17 controls synaptic plasticity and short-term memory

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (40) ◽  
pp. eaay5199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ribeiro ◽  
Helena C. Brigas ◽  
Mariana Temido-Ferreira ◽  
Paula A. Pousinha ◽  
Tommy Regen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Interleukin 17 ◽  
Γδ T Cell ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Functional Link ◽  
Term Memory

The notion of “immune privilege” of the brain has been revised to accommodate its infiltration, at steady state, by immune cells that participate in normal neurophysiology. However, the immune mechanisms that regulate learning and memory remain poorly understood. Here, we show that noninflammatory interleukin-17 (IL-17) derived from a previously unknown fetal-derived meningeal-resident γδ T cell subset promotes cognition. When tested in classical spatial learning paradigms, mice lacking γδ T cells or IL-17 displayed deficient short-term memory while retaining long-term memory. The plasticity of glutamatergic synapses was reduced in the absence of IL-17, resulting in impaired long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. Conversely, IL-17 enhanced glial cell production of brain-derived neurotropic factor, whose exogenous provision rescued the synaptic and behavioral phenotypes of IL-17–deficient animals. Together, our work provides previously unknown clues on the mechanisms that regulate short-term versus long-term memory and on the evolutionary and functional link between the immune and nervous systems.

scholarly journals LARGE, an AMPA receptor interactor, plays a large role in long-term memory formation by driving homeostatic scaling-down

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Am Seo ◽  
Taesup Cho ◽  
Daniel Z. Lee ◽  
Hwa Young Lee ◽  
Joong-Jae Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Functional Study ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Scaling Down ◽  
The Brain

AbstractDynamic trafficking of AMPA-type glutamate receptor (AMPA-R) in neuronal cells is a key cellular mechanism for learning and memory in the brain, which is regulated by AMPA-R interacting proteins. LARGE, a protein associated with intellectual disability, was found to be a novel component of the AMPA-R protein complex in our proteomic study. Here, our functional study of LARGE showed that during homeostatic scaling-down, increased LARGE expression at the Golgi apparatus (Golgi) negatively controlled AMPA-R trafficking from the Golgi to the plasma membrane, leading to downregulated surface and synaptic AMPA-R targeting. In LARGE knockdown mice, long-term potentiation (LTP) was occluded by synaptic AMPA-R overloading, resulting in impaired long-term memory formation. These findings indicate that the fine-tuning of AMPA-R trafficking by LARGE at the Golgi is critical for memory stability in the brain. Our study thus provides novel insights into the pathophysiology of brain disorders associated with intellectual disability.

scholarly journals 0119 The Role of Aging and Working Memory in Emotional-Long Term Memory Formation

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A47-A47
Author(s):  
N Sattari ◽  
L Whitehurst ◽  
K Vinces ◽  
S Mednick
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Improvement ◽  
Condition Interaction

Abstract Introduction It is widely accepted that “offline” processes during sleep contributes to memory. Working Memory (WM) capacity, which reflects “online” memory processing, is an important factor influencing cognitive functioning, which declines with age. In younger individuals, a positive association is reported between WM-capacity and declarative memory improvement. Methods We examined the relation between WM and long-term memory consolidation, among younger [N=105, 18-25yr] and older adults (N=119, 60-85yr). Subjects completed an OSPAN WM task, encoded a Word-Paired Association (WPA) task in the morning (Test1), and were tested on the WPA in the afternoon (Test2) after a 90-minute polysomnographically-recorded nap or wake. Half of the subjects were exposed to negatively valenced word-pairs (EWPA) while the other half were exposed to neutral word-pairs (NWPA). Subjects rated valence of the word-pairs at Test1 and Test2. We compared the four groups (young-EWPA, young-NWPA, old-EWPA and old-NWPA) on WM and WPA in both wake and sleep. Results In both wake and sleep, in the WPA, ageXword-condition interaction was found (p=.004). Post-hoc analysis revealed that in wake, younger-EWPA had higher performance (p=.03) than younger-NWPA, however, older-EWPA had lower performance (p=.03) than older-NWPA. Additionally, we found an ageXword-condition interaction whereby youngers showed no change in ratings, while older adults rated word-pairs more positively both in wake (p=.03) and sleep (p=.002) at Test 2. Youngers had higher WM performance (p=.007), also their WM performance was positively associated with WPA both for Neutral (p=.03) and Emotional (p=.01). WM and WPA among older adults was not related. In younger-EWPA, Stage2-sleep-minutes was positively associated to WPA improvement (p=.03) where this association was negative among older-EWPA (p=.02). In older-NWPA, Stage2-sleep-minutes was positively associated with WPA (p=.004). Conclusion Our findings indicate an association between WM and emotionally-salient memory formation that is modulated by age. Older adults, but not younger, showed the emotional bias previously reported. WM was higher in younger adults related to memory improvement. Stage2-sleep was related to memory improvement in both groups, but in opposite directions. In sum, the role of sleep in memory consolidation changes with aging and WM may play a role in this process. Support Fenn et al.,2012

Cutting of the rat hippocampal commissure impairs short-term memory but not long-term memory

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukitoshi Sakaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Dynamic Memory ◽  
Hippocampal Commissure ◽  
Functional Laterality ◽  
Left And Right

Split-brain experiments, which have been actively conducted since the twentieth century, have provided a great deal of insight into inter-hemispheric functional laterality and interactions. However, how communication between the left and right hippocampi directly contributes to memory formation is still poorly understood. To address this issue, we cut the rat hippocampal commissure (HC) connecting the left and right hippocampi prior to behavioral tests, which comprised of four memory tasks. The result showed that cutting the HC impairs short-term memory but not long-term memory. This suggests that the HC contributes mainly to the appropriate formation of short-term memory by mediating communication between the left and right hippocampi. Our findings would help to elucidate dynamic memory formation in the hippocampus and contribute to the development of therapeutics for some neurological diseases which cause a reduction in the inter-hemispheric interaction.

scholarly journals New Insights on Retrieval-Induced and Ongoing Memory Consolidation: Lessons from Arc

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pascal Morin ◽  
Kioko Guzmán-Ramos ◽  
Federico Bermudez-Rattoni
Keyword(s):  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Traces ◽  
Initial Acquisition ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Trace Model

The mainstream view on the neurobiological mechanisms underlying memory formation states that memory traces reside on the network of cells activated during initial acquisition that becomes active again upon retrieval (reactivation). These activation and reactivation processes have been called “conjunctive trace.” This process implies that singular molecular events must occur during acquisition, strengthening the connection between the implicated cells whose synchronous activity must underlie subsequent reactivations. The strongest experimental support for the conjunctive trace model comes from the study of immediate early genes such as c-fos, zif268, and activity-regulated cytoskeletal-associated protein. The expressions of these genes are reliably induced by behaviorally relevant neuronal activity and their products often play a central role in long-term memory formation. In this review, we propose that the peculiar characteristics of Arc protein, such as its optimal expression after ongoing experience or familiar behavior, together with its versatile and central functions in synaptic plasticity could explain how familiarization and recognition memories are stored and preserved in the mammalian brain.

scholarly journals Integrated Overview of the Memory System

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 3328-3338
Author(s):  
Ishanee Das Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Memory Storage ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Term Potentiation

This review aims to clarify and classify memory from psychological and neuroscientific point of view, delving into the molecular mechanisms taking place as well. The main forms of memory are sensory memory, short term memory and long-term memory. We also try to specify the flow of information through various memory models. The concept of synaptic plasticity and long-term potentiation is highlighted, with special focus on the physiological parts of the brain that are involved in memory storage. Overall, this study will help expand our knowledge on the intrinsic details of memory storage and the functioning of our brain.

scholarly journals Aversive operant conditioning alters the phototactic orientation of the marbled crayfish

2021 ◽  
Vol 224 (6) ◽  
pp. jeb242180
Author(s):  
Shione Okada ◽  
Natsumi Hirano ◽  
Toshiki Abe ◽  
Toshiki Nagayama
Keyword(s):  
Operant Conditioning ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Aversive Learning ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Tests ◽  
Marbled Crayfish

ABSTRACTAversive learning was applied to affect the phototactic behaviour of the marbled crayfish. Animals initially showed negative phototaxis to white light and positive taxis to blue light. Using an aversive learning paradigm, we investigated the plasticity of innate behaviour following operant conditioning. The initial rate of choosing a blue-lit exit was analysed by a dual choice experiment between blue-lit and white-lit exits in pre-test conditions. During training, electrical shocks were applied to the animals when they oriented to the blue-lit exit. Memory tests were given to analyse the orientation rate to the blue-lit exit in trials 1 and 24 h after training and these rates were compared with the pre-test. In general, animals avoided the blue-lit exit in the memory tests. When training was carried out three times, the long-term memory was retained for at least 48 h, although a single bout of training was also enough to form a long-term memory. Cooling animals at 4°C or injection of cycloheximide immediately after training altered the formation of long-term memory, but had no effect on short-term memory formation. Administration of the adenylate cyclase inhibitor SQ22536, the PKA inhibitor H89 or the CREB inhibitor KG-501 immediately after training also blocked the formation of long-term memory, but had no effect on short-term memory formation. Thus, our pharmacological behavioural analyses showed that new protein synthesis was necessary to form long-term memories and that the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway is the main signal cascade for long-term memory formation in the marbled crayfish.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document