scholarly journals The rise of COVID-19 cases is associated with support for world leaders

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (41) ◽  
pp. 25429-25433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Chi Yam ◽  
Joshua Conrad Jackson ◽  
Christopher M. Barnes ◽  
Jenson Lau ◽  
Xin Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Leader ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Approval Ratings ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
Head Of Government

COVID-19 has emerged as one of the deadliest and most disruptive events in recent human history. Drawing from political science and psychological theories, we examine the effects of daily confirmed cases in a country on citizens’ support for the political leader through the first 120 d of 2020. Using three unique datasets which comprise daily approval ratings of head of government (n= 1,411,200) across 11 world leaders (Australia, Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Japan, Mexico, the United Kingdom, and the United States) and weekly approval ratings of governors across the 50 states in the United States (n= 912,048), we find a strong and significant positive association between new daily confirmed and total confirmed COVID-19 cases in the country and support for the heads of government. These analyses show that political leaders received a boost in approval in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, these findings suggest that the previously documented “rally ‘round the flag” effect applies beyond just intergroup conflict.

scholarly journals The Rise of COVID-19 is Associated with Support for World Leaders

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Chi Yam ◽  
Joshua Conrad Jackson ◽  
Christopher Montgomery Barnes ◽  
Tsz Chun Lau ◽  
XIN QIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Association ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
Human History ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Approval Ratings ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Head Of Government ◽  
Heads Of Government

COVID-19 has emerged as one of the deadliest and most disruptive global pandemics in recent human history. Drawing from political science and psychological theory, we examine the effects of daily confirmed cases in a country on citizens’ support for the nation’s leader through first 120 days of 2020. Using two unique datasets which comprises daily approval ratings of head of government (N = 1,411,200) across 11 world leaders (Australia, Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Japan, Mexico, the United Kingdom, and the United States), we find a strong and significant positive association between new daily confirmed and total confirmed COVID-19 cases in the country and support for the heads of government. Exploratory analyses reveal that this effect might be strongest for countries high on individualism. These analyses show that world leaders benefit from COVID-19, at least in the early months of the pandemic. Moreover, these findings suggest that the previously documented “rally ‘round the flag” effect applies beyond just intergroup conflict.

scholarly journals Popular music lyrics and the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 030573562110451
Author(s):  
Kaila C Putter ◽  
Amanda E Krause ◽  
Adrian C North
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Popular Music ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Emotional Content ◽  
Human Interest ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Music Lyrics

A limited amount of previous research suggests that deteriorating socioeconomic conditions may be associated with greater popularity of music lyrics featuring negative emotional content and references to relationships. The present research considered this in charting popular music before and during the first 6 months of the COVID-19 pandemic. A dataset based on the song lyrics of the top-5 charting weekly songs in the United Kingdom and the United States from January 1999 to August 2020 was computer-analyzed for interpersonal variables, such as satisfaction and human interest, and positive and negative emotional valence. Results indicated lower satisfaction and human interest in lyrics in the United States and United Kingdom in the first 6 months of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the lyrics in charting songs in 2015–2019. The US charting songs in 2020 also saw higher leveling and negative emotional content, and, when considering monthly data from 1999 to 2020, there was a positive association between economic misery and the number of negatively valenced words. The findings broaden our understanding of the relationship between significant global events and trends in popular music.

scholarly journals Political Leaders’ Discourses and Securitization of Migration: A Comparison of Turkey and the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-38
Author(s):  
Selin Kabacaoğlu ◽  
Fulya Memişoğlu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Leader ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Political Discourses

With the growing importance of human mobility in the global agenda since the early 1990s, international migration has increasingly evolved into a securitized phenomenon. This has also made international migrantsa prominent target group of security speech acts. The main objective of this study is to explore migration-security nexus in the context of political discourses. The paper brings a comparative perspective to the role of political leader discourses in the securitization of migration by examining the cases of the United States (USA), hosting the largest number of international migrants, and Turkey, the world’s top refugee hosting country. Through the analytical lens of critical discourse analysis (CDA) and securitization theory, the study unpacks the rhetoric used by Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and American President Donald John Trump towards migrants/ asylum seekers. As the key findings demonstrate, the way the two leaders reflect the migration-security relationship to their speech acts significantly varies. President Trump associates migrants with security issues in multiple ways including social, political and economic spheres, while President Erdoğan’s discourse links migrants with security issues inthe economic realm, but his general discourse reflects a desecuritization approach. In both countries, it is observed that the discourses of political leaders concerning migrants and asylum seekers exert influence on public opinion.

scholarly journals How Do Populist Voters Rate Their Political Leaders? Comparing Citizen Assessments in Three Jurisdictions

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard Seijts ◽  
Cristine De Clercy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Context ◽  
Vote Choice ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Leader Characteristics

Drawing from the field of management studies, we explore how a sample of voters in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom use a leader character framework to judge political leadership. We ask, how do voters actually assess the character of their current leaders? And, in light of the populist zeitgeist, do people who hold a populist attitude differ markedly in how they judge the character of political leaders? Our results show that voters generally consider character important. However, voters who lean toward populism believe character matters less in political leadership than individuals who scored low on the populism indicator. This durable difference merits more exploration in a political context marked by populism. Our findings about the factors that influence vote choice contribute to this conversation and to extant research that reports that some voters pay greater attention to leader characteristics than do others.

scholarly journals Understanding the linkages between racial/ethnic discipline gaps and racial/ethnic achievement gaps in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Maithreyi Gopalan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
The United States ◽  
Achievement Gaps ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Education Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Racial Achievement ◽  
Racial Ethnic

This study estimates racial/ethnic discipline gaps, using multiple measures of school discipline outcomes, in nearly all school districts in the United States with data collected by the Office of Civil Rights between 2013 and 2014. Just like racial/ethnic achievement gaps, discipline gaps also vary substantially, ranging from negative to greater than two standard deviations, across districts. However, unlike the correlates of racial achievement gaps, the extensive set of district-level characteristics available in the Stanford Education Data Archive (SEDA) including economic, demographic, segregation, and school characteristics, explain roughly just one-fifth of the geographic variation in Black-white discipline gaps and one-third of the variation in Hispanic-white discipline gaps. This study also finds a modest, statistically significant, positive association between discipline gaps and achievement gaps, even after extensive covariate adjustment. The results of this analysis provide an important step forward in determining the relationship between two forms of persistent inequality that have long plagued the U.S. education system. 

scholarly journals Foreign Portfolio Investment Inflows and Economic PErformance in Malaysia: A Disaggregated Analysis

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
Jarita Duasa ◽  
Salina Kassim
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
The United States ◽  
Portfolio Investment ◽  
Impulse Response Functions ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Foreign Portfolio Investment ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Long Run

Based on disaggregated data, this study empirically examines the importance of foreign portfolio investment (FPI) to the Malaysian economic performance. The study adopts the vector error correction model to analyze the relationships between FPI inflows from major investing countries, namely the United States, the United Kingdom, Singapore and Hong Kong and Malaysia’s real GDP using quarterly data covering the period from Q1:1991 to Q3:2007. For further inferences, this study adopts an innovation accounting by simulating variance decompositions and impulse response functions. This study finds that there is a significant positive association between Malaysia’s GDP and U.K.’s FPI inflow, particularly in the long run.

Effectiveness of Programs for the Prevention of Child Sexual Abuse

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaia Del Campo ◽  
Marisalva Fávero
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sexual Abuse Prevention ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Methodological Considerations

Abstract. During the last decades, several studies have been conducted on the effectiveness of sexual abuse prevention programs implemented in different countries. In this article, we present a review of 70 studies (1981–2017) evaluating prevention programs, conducted mostly in the United States and Canada, although with a considerable presence also in other countries, such as New Zealand and the United Kingdom. The results of these studies, in general, are very promising and encourage us to continue this type of intervention, almost unanimously confirming its effectiveness. Prevention programs encourage children and adolescents to report the abuse experienced and they may help to reduce the trauma of sexual abuse if there are victims among the participants. We also found that some evaluations have not considered the possible negative effects of this type of programs in the event that they are applied inappropriately. Finally, we present some methodological considerations as critical analysis to this type of evaluations.

Science, Politics, and the Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 119 (820) ◽  
pp. 303-309
Author(s):  
J. Nicholas Ziegler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
The United States ◽  
Scientific Advice ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Scientific Expertise ◽  
The Uk

Comparing the virus responses in Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States shows that in order for scientific expertise to result in effective policy, rational political leadership is required. Each of these three countries is known for advanced biomedical research, yet their experiences in the COVID-19 pandemic diverged widely. Germany’s political leadership carefully followed scientific advice and organized public–private partnerships to scale up testing, resulting in relatively low infection levels. The UK and US political responses were far more erratic and less informed by scientific advice—and proved much less effective.

Democratic Legitimacy

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Rosanvallon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Democratic Legitimacy ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Constitutional Courts ◽  
International Debate ◽  
The Past ◽  
Democratic Authority ◽  
Original Contribution ◽  
Western Democracies

It's a commonplace occurrence that citizens in Western democracies are disaffected with their political leaders and traditional democratic institutions. But this book argues that this crisis of confidence is partly a crisis of understanding. The book makes the case that the sources of democratic legitimacy have shifted and multiplied over the past thirty years and that we need to comprehend and make better use of these new sources of legitimacy in order to strengthen our political self-belief and commitment to democracy. Drawing on examples from France and the United States, the book notes that there has been a major expansion of independent commissions, NGOs, regulatory authorities, and watchdogs in recent decades. At the same time, constitutional courts have become more willing and able to challenge legislatures. These institutional developments, which serve the democratic values of impartiality and reflexivity, have been accompanied by a new attentiveness to what the book calls the value of proximity, as governing structures have sought to find new spaces for minorities, the particular, and the local. To improve our democracies, we need to use these new sources of legitimacy more effectively and we need to incorporate them into our accounts of democratic government. This book is an original contribution to the vigorous international debate about democratic authority and legitimacy.

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