scholarly journals Using artificial intelligence to improve COVID-19 rapid diagnostic test result interpretation

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (12) ◽  
pp. e2019893118
Author(s):  
David-A. Mendels ◽  
Laurent Dortet ◽  
Cécile Emeraud ◽  
Saoussen Oueslati ◽  
Delphine Girlich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Laboratory Staff ◽  
Test Models ◽  
Self Testing ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test Result ◽  
Result Interpretation ◽  
Accuracy Performance ◽  
Diagnostic Test Result ◽  
Test Result

Serological rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are widely used across pathologies, often providing users a simple, binary result (positive or negative) in as little as 5 to 20 min. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, new RDTs for identifying SARS-CoV-2 have rapidly proliferated. However, these seemingly easy-to-read tests can be highly subjective, and interpretations of the visible “bands” of color that appear (or not) in a test window may vary between users, test models, and brands. We developed and evaluated the accuracy/performance of a smartphone application (xRCovid) that uses machine learning to classify SARS-CoV-2 serological RDT results and reduce reading ambiguities. Across 11 COVID-19 RDT models, the app yielded 99.3% precision compared to reading by eye. Using the app replaces the uncertainty from visual RDT interpretation with a smaller uncertainty of the image classifier, thereby increasing confidence of clinicians and laboratory staff when using RDTs, and creating opportunities for patient self-testing.

scholarly journals Stepwise Development and Yearlong Assessment of a Pharmacist-Driven Molecular Rapid Diagnostic Test Result Service for Bloodstream Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Andrew Ticcioni ◽  
Kyle Piscitello ◽  
Matthew Bjornstad ◽  
Katie Hensley ◽  
Jim Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Education Development ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test Result ◽  
Stepwise Development ◽  
System Leaders ◽  
Implementation Assessment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Diagnostic Test Result ◽  
Test Result

Purpose: Provide a stepwise approach to the design and implementation of a service that integrates all staff pharmacists into the communication and interpretation of molecular rapid diagnostic tests (mRDT) for bloodstream infections and summarize outcomes from a 12-month post-implementation assessment. Physician and pharmacist impressions of the service are also described. Summary: mRDT have proven clinical benefit in the treatment of bacteremia. Pharmacy leadership can collaborate with other health system leaders to develop policies and a workflow that route result calls to pharmacists to maximize the impact of this technology. Pharmacist education, development of clinical resources and documentation templates allow all pharmacists to perform this antimicrobial stewardship service consistently and confidently. Physicians overwhelmingly recognize the value of this service and often accept the pharmacist’s recommendations. Antibiotic de-escalation was the most frequent outcome when changes to the antibiotic regimen were made. Conclusion: Pharmacists are well positioned to utilize results from mRDT to improve antibiotic selection. Through the use of competencies and internally-derived resources, all pharmacists, rather than just infectious diseases pharmacy specialists, can perform this important antibiotic stewardship activity and positively influence patient outcomes.

scholarly journals A False Positive Dengue Fever Rapid Diagnostic Test Result in a Case of Acute Parvovirus B19 Infection

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 1379-1382
Author(s):  
Toshihide Izumida ◽  
Hidenao Sakata ◽  
Masahiko Nakamura ◽  
Yumiko Hayashibara ◽  
Noriko Inasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test Result ◽  
Parvovirus B19 Infection ◽  
Diagnostic Test Result ◽  
Test Result

Patient recommendations for content and design for electronic return of genetic test results: An interview study among patients who accessed their genetic test results online (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane M Korngiebel ◽  
Kathleen McGlone West
Keyword(s):  
Patient Preferences ◽  
Genetic Test ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Patient Portal ◽  
Genetic Test Result ◽  
Test Results ◽  
User Centered Design ◽  
Detailed Report ◽  
Genetic Test Results ◽  
Test Result

BACKGROUND Genetic test results will be increasingly made available electronically as more patient-facing tools are developed; however, little research has been done that collects patient preferences for content and design before creating results templates. OBJECTIVE This study identifies patient preferences for electronic return of genetic test results, including what considerations should be prioritized for content and design. METHODS Following User-Centered Design methods, 59 interviews were conducted using semi-structured protocols. The interviews explored content and design issues for patient portal results return for patients who received electronic results for specific types of genetic tests (pharmacogenomic, hereditary blood disorders, and positive and negative risk results for heritable cancers) or who had electronically received any type of genetic test result as well as a non-genetic test result. RESULTS In general, a majority of participants felt that there always needed to be some clinician involvement in electronic results return and that electronic coversheets with simple summaries would be helpful for facilitating that. Coversheet summaries could accompany, but not replace, the more detailed report. Participants had specific suggestions for those results summaries, such as only reporting the information that was most important for patients to understand, including next steps, and to do so using clear language free of medical jargon. Electronic results return should also include explicit encouragement for patients to contact providers with questions. Finally, many participants preferred to manage their care using their smartphones, particularly in instances where they needed to access health information on the go. CONCLUSIONS Participants recommended that a patient-friendly front section accompany the more detailed report and made suggestions for organization, content, and wording. Many used their smartphones regularly to access test results, therefore, health systems and patient portal software vendors should accommodate smartphone application design and web portal design concomitantly when developing results return platforms. CLINICALTRIAL N/A

Knowledge-based test result interpretation in laboratory medicine

1998 ◽  
Vol 278 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chr Trendelenburg ◽  
O Colhoun ◽  
A Wormek ◽  
K.L Massey
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Medicine ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Result Interpretation ◽  
Test Result

scholarly journals SafeSwab, a sample collection and dispensing device for near-patient testing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E Grys ◽  
Kathrine McAulay ◽  
Darrell Ingram ◽  
Craig Duffy ◽  
Ashley Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Patient Instruction ◽  
Self Testing ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Rapid Test Result

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the pace of innovation around virtual care visits and testing technology. Here we present the SafeSwab (Safe Health Systems, Los Angeles, CA), an integrated, universal sample collection and dispensing device that is designed to minimize user error and enable rapid testing in a point of care or self-testing format. The SafeSwab was used with the Safe Health Systems HealthCheck digital health application to enable self-testing by patients using lateral flow tests for SARS-CoV-2 antigen or for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Patients (n=74) using the SafeSwab produced a valid rapid test result in 96% of attempts, and 96% of patients felt confident that they had collected a good sample. The Safe HealthCheck app has an integrated image analysis algorithm, AutoAdapt LFA, that interprets a picture of a rapid test result, and the algorithm interpreted the result correctly 100% of the time. The SafeSwab was found to be versatile and easy to use for both self-collected nasal sampling as well as fingerstick blood sampling. The use of Safe Health Systems HealthCheck app allows an integrated solution for patient instruction and test interpretation

scholarly journals Reliability of HIV rapid diagnostic tests for self-testing compared with testing by health-care workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. e277-e290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Figueroa ◽  
Cheryl Johnson ◽  
Nathan Ford ◽  
Anita Sands ◽  
Shona Dalal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Self Testing ◽  
Care Workers

Findings of Feasibility for Serial Testing Using Over-the-Counter SARS-CoV-2 Test with the Assistance of a Digital Smartphone App (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carly Herbert ◽  
John Broach ◽  
William Heetderks ◽  
Felicia Qashu ◽  
Laura Gibson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
The United States ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Kappa Score ◽  
Self Testing ◽  
Self Test ◽  
Testing Schedule ◽  
Gender Groups

BACKGROUND The ongoing pandemic necessitates the development of accurate, rapid, and affordable diagnostics to help curb SARS-CoV-2 disease transmission, morbidity, and mortality, as well as safely navigate social re-engagement. OBJECTIVE To describe the feasibility and acceptability of serial self-testing for SARS-CoV-2, including need for assistance and reliability of self-interpretation. METHODS A total of 206 adults in the United States with Smartphones were enrolled in this single-arm feasibility study during February and March 2021. All participants were asked to self-test for Covid-19 at home daily using an antigen-detection rapid diagnostic test over a 14-day period and use a smartphone application for testing assistance and to report their results. The main outcomes were adherence to the testing schedule, acceptability of testing and Smartphone application experiences, and reliability of participant versus study team interpretation of test results. RESULTS Among the 206 participants, 52% of study participants were women, the average age was 40.7 years, 34.43% were non-White, and half the sample (56.8%) had received a Bachelor’s degree or higher. Most participants (64.6%) showed high testing adherence. Participants’ interpretations of test results demonstrated high agreement (98.9%) with the study verified results, with a kappa score of 0.29 (p<0.001). Participants reported high satisfaction with self-testing and the smartphone application, with greater than 98% of participants reporting they would recommend the self-test and smartphone application to others. These results were consistent across age, race/ethnicity, and gender groups. CONCLUSIONS Participant’s high adherence to the recommended testing schedule, significant reliability between participant and study staff test interpretation, and acceptability of the smartphone application and self-test indicate that self-tests for SARS-CoV-2 with a smartphone application for assistance and reporting is highly feasible among a diverse population of adults in the United States.

scholarly journals Why Do Parents Prefer to Know the Fetal Sex as Part of Invasive Prenatal Testing?

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelique J. A. Kooper ◽  
Jacqueline J. P. M. Pieters ◽  
Alex J. Eggink ◽  
Ton B. Feuth ◽  
Ilse Feenstra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Prenatal Testing ◽  
Genetic Knowledge ◽  
Unborn Child ◽  
Chromosomal Disorders ◽  
Fetal Sex ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Ultrasound Investigation ◽  
Diagnostic Test Result ◽  
Test Result

Objectives. The aim of this study was to determine whether prospective parents, primarily referred for prenatal diagnosis to exclude Down syndrome, prefer to know the fetal sex as part of invasive testing. Methods. In this prospective study 400 pregnant women undergoing amniocentesis were invited to answer a questionnaire, including information about demographic factors, current pregnancy, and previous children. In two open-ended questions they were asked why they wanted to know the fetal sex after amniocentesis or ultrasound investigation. Scores were given for reasons that could have played a role in the wish whether or not to know the sex of their unborn child. Results. A total of 210 (52.5%) questionnaires were completed. Overall, 69.0% was interested to know the fetal sex as part of the diagnostic test result. The most important reasons were curiosity (77.8%), “just want to know” (68.0%), and “because it is possible” (66.8%). The overall knowledge of sex chromosomal disorders appeared low and did not seem to affect the parent’s wish to know the fetal sex. Almost all women (96.6%) planned to have a 20-week ultrasound scan and 96.2% thought the scan to be reliable in detecting the fetal sex. A minority (28%) was willing to learn the fetal sex by ultrasound examination, whereas 65% preferred to learn the fetal sex only after the amniocentesis. Conclusion. Personal values affect the parental desire to know or not to know the fetal sex. This does not appear to be affected by invasive prenatal testing and/or genetic knowledge of sex chromosomal disorders.

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