scholarly journals Immunocytochemical localization of the endogenous neuroexcitotoxin quinolinate in human peripheral blood monocytes/macrophages and the effect of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I infection.

1996 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 1636-1641 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. N. Venkateshan ◽  
R. Narayanan ◽  
M. G. Espey ◽  
J. R. Moffett ◽  
D. C. Gajdusek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Type I ◽  
Immunocytochemical Localization ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Peripheral Blood Monocytes ◽  
Human T Cell

scholarly journals Enzymatic amplification of HTLV-I viral sequences from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and infected tissues

Blood ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 1117-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Kwok ◽  
G Ehrlich ◽  
B Poiesz ◽  
R Kalish ◽  
JJ Sninsky
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cell Leukemia ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Human T Cell

Abstract Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) and human T-cell lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV-II) have been associated with adult T- cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and a rare T-cell variant of hairy cell leukemia, respectively. Direct detection of viral nucleic acid in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and infected tissues in carrier patients and those with chronic disease has proven refractory due to viral transcriptional dormancy and the small number of infected cells present. The investigators report here the successful application of the DNA amplification procedure, termed PCR, to the detection of these human oncoviruses. Judicious selection of specific oligonucleotides for primers and probes provides type-specific and simultaneous detection of these two retroviruses. The ability to amplify and detect highly conserved regions of these medically relevant viruses may facilitate the identification of, as yet, uncharacterized retroviruses.

scholarly journals High human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I proviral DNA load with polyclonal integration in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of French West Indian, Guianese, and African patients with tropical spastic paraparesis

Blood ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 428-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Gessain ◽  
F Saal ◽  
O Gout ◽  
MT Daniel ◽  
G Flandrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Spastic Paraparesis ◽  
Tropical Spastic Paraparesis ◽  
Type I ◽  
Proviral Integration ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Proviral Dna ◽  
Human T Cell

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) proviral integration status was examined by Southern blot analysis in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) DNA from patients presenting a tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP) and serological evidence of HTLV-I infection. Surface phenotype and morphological aspects of PBMC were also studied. A polyclonal HTLV-I proviral integration was found in the PBMC of the 10 patients studied irrespective of their geographical origin (French West Indies, French Guiana, and Africa), the duration of their clinical illness, or the HTLV-I antibody titer. Furthermore, by dilution experiments and hypothesizing that only one copy of HTLV-I proviral DNA is present in one cell, we estimated that this HTLV-I integration is present in 3% to 15% of their PBMC. All 10 TSP/HTLV-I patients studied had an average of 10% of their lymphocytes abnormal, presenting either a misshapen nucleus or an adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL)-like feature. Moreover, an elevated CD4/CD8 ratio associated with the presence of activated T cells with a high level of DR expression was observed in most patients. The significant frequency of viral-positive PBMC and the important load of HTLV-I proviral DNA that we observed in TSP/HTLV-I patients might play an important role in the pathogenesis of this recently identified clinico-virological entity.

scholarly journals Rifampin Increases Cytokine-Induced Expression of the CD1b Molecule in Human Peripheral Blood Monocytes

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 550-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Tentori ◽  
G. Graziani ◽  
S. A. Porcelli ◽  
M. Sugita ◽  
M. B. Brenner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Blot Analysis ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Peripheral Blood Monocytes ◽  
Cell Immunity ◽  
Nonpeptide Antigens

ABSTRACT In recent years, it has been shown that a nonclassical, major histocompatibility complex-independent system (i.e., CD1-restricted T-cell responses) is involved in T-cell immunity against nonpeptide antigens. The CD1 system appears to function by presenting microbial lipid antigens to specific T cells, and the antigens so far identified include several known constituents of mycobacterial cell walls. Among the four known human CD1 isoforms, the CD1b protein is the best characterized with regard to its antigen-presenting function. Expression of CD1b is upregulated on human blood monocytes upon exposure to granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor, alone or in combination with interleukin-4 (IL-4) (S. A. Porcelli, Adv. Immunol. 59:1–98, 1995). Rifampin (RFP) and its derivatives are widely used for chemoprophylaxis or chemotherapy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, this agent was found to reduce the mitogen responsiveness of human B and T lymphocytes, chemotaxis, and delayed-type hypersensitivity. The present study extends the immunopharmacological profile of RFP by examining its effects on CD1b expression by human peripheral blood monocytes exposed to GM-CSF plus IL-4. The results showed that clinically attainable concentrations (i.e., 2 or 10 μg/ml for 24 h) of the agent produced a marked increase in CD1b expression on the plasma membrane, as evaluated by fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis, whereas it had no effect on cytosolic fractions, as indicated by Western blot analysis. This was found to be the result of increased CD1b gene expression, as shown by Northern blot analysis of CD1b mRNA. These results suggest that RFP could be of potential value in augmenting the CD1b-restricted antigen recognition system, thereby enhancing protective cellular immunity to M. tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Collagen-and collagen peptide-induced chemotaxis of human blood monocytes.

1976 ◽  
Vol 143 (6) ◽  
pp. 1299-1307 ◽  
Author(s):  
A E Postlethwaite ◽  
A H Kang
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Human Neutrophils ◽  
Type I ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Peripheral Blood Monocytes ◽  
Skin Collagen ◽  
Native Collagen

The ability of collagen and collagen-derived peptides to act as chemotactic stimuli was investigated by in vitro chemotaxis assays. Native human and chick skin collagen (type I) and alpha-chains obtained from purified chick skin collagen were each chemotactic for human peripheral blood monocytes. In addition, smaller peptides obtained either by digesting native collagen with bacterial collagenase or by degrading purified alpha-chains with cyanogen bromide or pepsin were also chemotactic for monocytes. In contrast, native collagen, alpha-chains, and smaller collagen-derived peptides were not chemotactic for human neutrophils. Since collagen is degraded at sites of tissue damage and inflammation, our findings suggest the possibility that such collagen-derived degradation products might directly serve as chemotactic stimuli for human peripheral blood monocytes in vivo.

scholarly journals High human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I proviral DNA load with polyclonal integration in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of French West Indian, Guianese, and African patients with tropical spastic paraparesis

Blood ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 428-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Gessain ◽  
F Saal ◽  
O Gout ◽  
MT Daniel ◽  
G Flandrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Spastic Paraparesis ◽  
Tropical Spastic Paraparesis ◽  
Type I ◽  
Proviral Integration ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Proviral Dna ◽  
Human T Cell

Abstract Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) proviral integration status was examined by Southern blot analysis in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) DNA from patients presenting a tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP) and serological evidence of HTLV-I infection. Surface phenotype and morphological aspects of PBMC were also studied. A polyclonal HTLV-I proviral integration was found in the PBMC of the 10 patients studied irrespective of their geographical origin (French West Indies, French Guiana, and Africa), the duration of their clinical illness, or the HTLV-I antibody titer. Furthermore, by dilution experiments and hypothesizing that only one copy of HTLV-I proviral DNA is present in one cell, we estimated that this HTLV-I integration is present in 3% to 15% of their PBMC. All 10 TSP/HTLV-I patients studied had an average of 10% of their lymphocytes abnormal, presenting either a misshapen nucleus or an adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL)-like feature. Moreover, an elevated CD4/CD8 ratio associated with the presence of activated T cells with a high level of DR expression was observed in most patients. The significant frequency of viral-positive PBMC and the important load of HTLV-I proviral DNA that we observed in TSP/HTLV-I patients might play an important role in the pathogenesis of this recently identified clinico-virological entity.

Abundant Tax protein expression in CD4+ T cells infected with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) is prevented by cytotoxic T lymphocytes

Blood ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 1386-1392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Hanon ◽  
Sarah Hall ◽  
Graham P. Taylor ◽  
Mineki Saito ◽  
Ricardo Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Type I ◽  
Ctl Response ◽  
Specific Ctls ◽  
Human T Cell

The role of the cellular immune response in human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) infection is not fully understood. A persistently activated cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to HTLV-I is found in the majority of infected individuals. However, it remains unclear whether this CTL response is protective or causes tissue damage. In addition, several observations paradoxically suggest that HTLV-I is transcriptionally silent in most infected cells and, therefore, not detectable by virus-specific CTLs. With the use of a new flow cytometric procedure, we show here that a high proportion of naturally infected CD4+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) (between 10% and 80%) are capable of expressing Tax, the immunodominant target antigen recognized by virus-specific CTLs. Furthermore, we provide direct evidence that autologous CD8+ T cells rapidly kill CD4+ cells naturally infected with HTLV-I and expressing Tax in vitro by a perforin-dependent mechanism. Consistent with these observations, we observed a significant negative correlation between the frequency of Tax11-19-specific CD8+ T cells and the percentage of CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood of patients infected with HTLV-I. Those results are in accordance with the view that virus-specific CTLs participate in a highly efficient immune surveillance mechanism that persistently destroys Tax-expressing HTLV-I-infected CD4+ T cells in vivo.

scholarly journals Is human T–cell lymphotropic virus type I really silent?

2000 ◽  
Vol 355 (1400) ◽  
pp. 1013-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Becca Asquith ◽  
Emmanuel Hanon ◽  
Graham P. Taylor ◽  
Charles R. M. Bangham
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Type I ◽  
Ctl Response ◽  
Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Human T Cell

The role of the cellular immune response to human T–cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV–I) is not fully understood. The low level of HTLV–I protein expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes has led to the widely held belief that HTLV–I is transcriptionally silent in vivo . However, most HTLV–I–infected individuals mount a strong and persistently activated cytotoxic T–lymphocyte (CTL) response to the virus; this observation implies that there is abundant chronic transcription of HTLV–I genes. Here we show that HTLV–I Tax protein expression rises quickly in freshly isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes, but that expressing cells are rapidly killed by CTLs. Mathematical analysis of these results indicates that the CTL response is extremely efficient and that the half–life of a Tax–expressing cell is less than a day. We propose that HTLV–I protein expression in circulating lymphocytes is undetectable by current techniques because of the efficiency of the CTL–mediated immune surveillance in vivo .

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