scholarly journals Ribosomal S6 Kinase 2 Inhibition by a Potent C-terminal Repressor Domain Is Relieved by Mitogen-activated Protein-Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase Kinase-regulated Phosphorylation

2000 ◽  
Vol 276 (11) ◽  
pp. 7892-7898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen A. Martin ◽  
Stefanie S. Schalm ◽  
Angela Romanelli ◽  
Kristen L. Keon ◽  
John Blenis
Keyword(s):  
S6 Kinase ◽  
Extracellular Signal Regulated Kinase ◽  
Extracellular Signal ◽  
Ribosomal S6 Kinase 2 ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Ribosomal S6 Kinase

scholarly journals mTORC2 Is Involved in the Induction of RSK Phosphorylation by Serum or Nutrient Starvation

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1567
Author(s):  
Po-Chien Chou ◽  
Swati Rajput ◽  
Xiaoyun Zhao ◽  
Chadni Patel ◽  
Danielle Albaciete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinases ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
S6 Kinase ◽  
Agc Kinases ◽  
Extracellular Signal Regulated Kinase ◽  
Mechanistic Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Extracellular Signal ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Inhibition Of Glycolysis ◽  
Ribosomal S6 Kinase

Cells adjust to nutrient fluctuations to restore metabolic homeostasis. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 2 responds to nutrient levels and growth signals to phosphorylate protein kinases belonging to the AGC (Protein Kinases A,G,C) family such as Akt and PKC. Phosphorylation of these AGC kinases at their conserved hydrophobic motif (HM) site by mTORC2 enhances their activation and mediates the functions of mTORC2 in cell growth and metabolism. Another AGC kinase family member that is known to undergo increased phosphorylation at the homologous HM site (Ser380) is the p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK). Phosphorylation at Ser380 is facilitated by the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) in response to growth factor stimulation. Here, we demonstrate that optimal phosphorylation of RSK at this site requires an intact mTORC2. We also found that RSK is robustly phosphorylated at Ser380 upon nutrient withdrawal or inhibition of glycolysis, conditions that increase mTORC2 activation. However, pharmacological inhibition of mTOR did not abolish RSK phosphorylation at Ser380, indicating that mTOR catalytic activity is not required for this phosphorylation. Since RSK and SIN1β colocalize at the membrane during serum restimulation and acute glutamine withdrawal, mTORC2 could act as a scaffold to enhance RSK HM site phosphorylation. Among the known RSK substrates, the CCTβ subunit of the chaperonin containing TCP-1 (CCT) complex had defective phosphorylation in the absence of mTORC2. Our findings indicate that the mTORC2-mediated phosphorylation of the RSK HM site could confer RSK substrate specificity and reveal that RSK responds to nutrient fluctuations.

scholarly journals Nerve Growth Factor Activates Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase and p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways To Stimulate CREB Serine 133 Phosphorylation

1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1946-1955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Xing ◽  
Jon M. Kornhauser ◽  
Zhengui Xia ◽  
Elizabeth A. Thiele ◽  
Michael E. Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Nerve Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Nerve Growth ◽  
Extracellular Signal Regulated Kinase ◽  
Extracellular Signal ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Ribosomal S6 Kinase

ABSTRACT The mechanisms by which growth factor-induced signals are propagated to the nucleus, leading to the activation of the transcription factor CREB, have been characterized. Nerve growth factor (NGF) was found to activate multiple signaling pathways that mediate the phosphorylation of CREB at the critical regulatory site, serine 133 (Ser-133). NGF activates the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), which in turn activate the pp90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) family of Ser/Thr kinases, all three members of which were found to catalyze CREB Ser-133 phosphorylation in vitro and in vivo. In addition to the ERK/RSK pathway, we found that NGF activated the p38 MAPK and its downstream effector, MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MAPKAP kinase 2), resulting in phosphorylation of CREB at Ser-133. Inhibition of either the ERK/RSK or the p38/MAPKAP kinase 2 pathway only partially blocked NGF-induced CREB Ser-133 phosphorylation, suggesting that either pathway alone is sufficient for coupling the NGF signal to CREB activation. However, inhibition of both the ERK/RSK and the p38/MAPKAP kinase 2 pathways completely abolished NGF-induced CREB Ser-133 phosphorylation. These findings indicate that NGF activates two distinct MAPK pathways, both of which contribute to the phosphorylation of the transcription factor CREB and the activation of immediate-early genes.

scholarly journals Recruitment of the Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase/Ribosomal S6 Kinase Signaling Pathway to the NFATc4 Transcription Activation Complex

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 907-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teddy T. C. Yang ◽  
Qiufang Xiong ◽  
Isabella A. Graef ◽  
Gerald R. Crabtree ◽  
Chi-Wing Chow
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Map Kinase ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Protein Kinases ◽  
Transcription Activation ◽  
S6 Kinase ◽  
Dna Transcription ◽  
Extracellular Signal Regulated Kinase ◽  
Extracellular Signal ◽  
Ribosomal S6 Kinase

ABSTRACT Integration of protein kinases into transcription activation complexes influences the magnitude of gene expression. The nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) group of proteins are critical transcription factors that direct gene expression in immune and nonimmune cells. A balance of phosphotransferase activity is necessary for optimal NFAT activation. Activation of NFAT requires dephosphorylation by the calcium-mediated calcineurin phosphatase to promote NFAT nuclear accumulation, and the Ras-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, which targets NFAT partners, to potentiate transcription. Whether protein kinases operate on NFAT and contribute positively to transcription activation is not clear. Here, we coupled DNA affinity isolation with in-gel kinase assays to avidly pull down the activated NFAT and identify its associated protein kinases. We demonstrate that p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) is recruited to the NFAT-DNA transcription complex upon activation. The formation of RSK-NFATc4-DNA transcription complex is also apparent upon adipogenesis. Bound RSK phosphorylates Ser676 and potentiates NFATc4 DNA binding by escalating NFAT-DNA association. Ser676 is also targeted by the ERK MAP kinase, which interacts with NFAT at a distinct region than RSK. Thus, integration of the ERK/RSK signaling pathway provides a mechanism to modulate NFATc4 transcription activity.

scholarly journals Characterization of Mouse Rsk4 as an Inhibitor of Fibroblast Growth Factor-RAS-Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Signaling

2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 4255-4266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Pomrehn Myers ◽  
Laura B. Corson ◽  
Janet Rossant ◽  
Julie C. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathway ◽  
Mouse Development ◽  
S6 Kinase ◽  
Extracellular Signal Regulated Kinase ◽  
Rtk Signaling ◽  
Extracellular Signal ◽  
Ribosomal S6 Kinase ◽  
Early Mouse

ABSTRACT Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signals regulate the specification of a varied array of tissue types by utilizing distinct modules of proteins to elicit diverse effects. The RSK proteins are part of the RTK signal transduction pathway and are thought to relay these signals by acting downstream of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). In this study we report the identification of ribosomal S6 kinase 4 (Rsk4) as an inhibitor of RTK signals. Among the RSK proteins, RTK inhibition is specific to RSK4 and, in accordance, is dependent upon a region of the RSK4 protein that is divergent from other RSK family members. We demonstrate that Rsk4 inhibits the transcriptional activation of specific targets of RTK signaling as well as the activation of ERK. Developmentally, Rsk4 is expressed in extraembryonic tissue, where RTK signals are known to have critical roles. Further examination of Rsk4 expression in the extraembryonic tissues demonstrates that its expression is inversely correlated with the presence of activated ERK 1/2. These studies demonstrate a new and divergent function for RSK4 and support a role for RSK proteins in the specification of RTK signals during early mouse development.

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