Die proklische Diotima

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 75-98
Author(s):  
Jana Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Female Body ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
Joint Work ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
The Human Condition

Abstract Diotima, the priestess of Plato’s Symposium, is an important reference for Proclus’ thinking about the role of women in philosophical and religious practices. This character does not just offer Proclus an example for women’s ability to attain the same level of virtue than men, but she is also a model for the joint work of philosophical and religious practices. Thereby she stands for practices which are orientated on the human condition and therefore depend on intermediary entities as demons, and for practices which transcend both the human condition and the intermediary entities. Most interesting in Proclus’ presentation of Diotima as a priestess and a philosopher is that he does not present her to fulfill these roles by masculinizing her soul through a sole focus on the intelligible entities – as for example Porphyry advises his wife Marcella – but by using the female element in her soul, i.e. the circuit of the Different, as an intermediate through which she can get in touch with the demons and – through them – also with higher entities. The ideal which Diotima incorporates is therefore not becoming masculine (despite having a female body) but harmonizing the male and female elements within the soul.

Mereka yang Tidak Dibayar Tinggi: Ibuisme, Taman Kanak-kanak, dan Kampung di Indramayu

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Mochammad Arief Wicaksono
Keyword(s):  
Kindergarten Teachers ◽  
New Order ◽  
The Family ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Community Pressure ◽  
The Village ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
The Ideal

The ideology of state-ibuism has always been interwoven with how the New Order regime until nowadays government constructing the “ideal” role of women in the family and community through the PKK (Pembinaan Kesejahteraan Keluarga) organization. However, in Cangkring Village, Indramayu, the ideology of ibuism works not because of the massive government regulating the role of women through the PKK organization, but it is possible because of the structure of the kampung community itself. Through involved observations and in-depth interviews about a kindergarten in the village, a group of housewives who dedicated themselves to teaching in kindergarten were met without getting paid high. From these socio-cultural phenomenons, this paper will describe descriptively and analytically that housewives in the Cangkring village are willing to become kindergarten teachers because of their moral burden as part of the warga kampung and also from community pressure from people who want their children to be able to read and write.

scholarly journals Man, fate, and death in Indo-European tradition

2004 ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Martin Litchfield West
Keyword(s):  
Human Condition ◽  
Old Irish ◽  
European Tradition ◽  
Linguistic Material ◽  
The Human Condition

This paper deals with Indo-European concepts concerning the human condition: the nature of man, the role of fate in shaping his life, his destiny in death. The evidence is partly drawn from linguistic material, partly from literary. The assumption is that, just as comparison of vocabulary in widely separated languages such as Hittite, Sanskrit and Old Irish makes it possible to reconstruct words of the parent language, so comparison of parallel motifs in different traditional literatures may show up inherited ideas and beliefs.

The Seduction of Eve and the Exegetical Politics of Gender

1996 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reuven Kimelman
Keyword(s):  
Coming Of Age ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Divine Command ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Human Condition

AbstractThis reading of the Eve and Adam story focuses on the consequential role of the woman and her linkage to the serpent. Her rapid switch from defender to transgressor of the divine command shows that the idea of disobeying God was not instigated exclusively by the serpent. Since the serpent does not get her to act out of character, he does not function outside of her, but provides a rationale for her to extend previous inklings. This function of the serpent is based on the differences between the original divine command and her rendering. It is supported by the reader's awareness that her Hebrew name Havva sounds like its cognates hivyah and hivvah which mean serpent and speech, respectively. The talking serpent becomes the inner Eve. Thus, the story is not one of humanity coming of age but a parable of the human condition. Our heroine is nothing less than Every(wo)man. Her representative status explains why the story features both woman and serpent, why the serpent talks specifically to woman, why of all the ancient epics of origins Genesis alone gives the creation of woman separate billing, and why Genesis underscores the commonality between man and woman. By highlighting the significance of the woman, this reading makes for the remarkable combination of authoritarian theology and egalitarian anthropology.

The Ideal, the Actual and the Human Condition

1979 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-140
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Olshewsky ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Condition ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
The Human Condition

scholarly journals Tradycja a praktyki dominacji w obrębie płci na przykładzie huculskiego kolędowania

Adeptus ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Marianna Zynek
Keyword(s):  
Gender Relations ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Symbolic Power ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Special Place ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Role Of Women

Tradition and the practices of gender domination on the example of hutsul carollingThe Christmas custom of carolling occupies a very special place in the life of Hutsulshchyna inhabitants. Referred to as a religious rite, for a long time Hutsul carolling has been an object of numerous studies that shape ideas about it. In spite of the functioning of many forms of carolling in these areas, both researchers and the inhabitants of the Ukrainian Carpathians recognize as the most important the male form of carolling, which marginalized the role of women. However, on closer inspection it turns out that women also have an exceptional impact on the course of tradition, often taking the initiative in carolling. The article focuses on the, hitherto disregarded in the literature gender, relations within the Hutsul carolling. It also analyses the connection between discourse and social practices manifested in male and female forms of carolling. A look at the official and non-official character of tradition as well as relations between genders and any crises connected with them highlights the domination and symbolic power within the gender domain. Tradycja a praktyki dominacji w obrębie płci na przykładzie huculskiego kolędowaniaBożonarodzeniowy zwyczaj kolędowania zajmuje szczególne miejsce w życiu mieszkańców Huculszczyzny. Określane jako rytuał religijny huculskie kolędowanie od dawna stanowi obiekt wielu prac naukowych, które kształtują wyobrażenia na jego temat. Na tych terenach funkcjonuje wiele form kolędowania. Za najistotniejsze, zarówno badacze, jak i mieszkańcy Karpat ukraińskich, uznają kolędowanie mężczyzn, w którym marginalizowana jest rola kobiet. Przy bliższym przyjrzeniu okazuje się jednak, że również i one mają szczególny wpływ na przebieg tradycji, niejednokrotnie przejmując kolędniczą inicjatywę. Artykuł skupia się na nieuwzględnianych dotąd w literaturze przedmiotu relacjach płci w obrębie huculskiego kolędowania. Analizuje również związek dyskursu i praktyk społecznych przejawiających się w kolędzie kobiecej i męskiej. Przyjrzenie się kwestiom oficjalności i nieoficjalności oraz relacjom między płcią a wszelkiego rodzaju kryzysami pozwala zwrócić uwagę na uwidaczniającą się dominację oraz przemoc symboliczną w obrębie płci.

scholarly journals Pieśni rozpaczy w czasach pogardy Wokół cyklu poetyckiego Márciustól márciusig Istvána Vasa

2019 ◽  
pp. 209-220
Author(s):  
Kinga Piotrowiak-Junkiert
Keyword(s):  
Historical Memory ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Jewish Origin ◽  
The Human Condition

The article offers an interpretation of the poetic cycle Od marca do marca [From March to March] by István Vas, a Hungarian poet and writer of Jewish origin. The author treated each of his poems as a notebook, where he recorded his reflections on the situation of Hungarian Jews, the human condition, the siege of Budapest, etc. For Vas, each piece is a separate testimony to the time of the war. The entire cycle is steeped in irony and a harsh judgement of the society’s moral fall. Vas wrote his poems during the period of Nazism but published them during the communist regime, when he wanted to answer a question about the role of art in the process of recovering historical memory, and whether a literary text could offer protection from the hostile reality.

Satya and Ahimsa

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koneru Ramakrishna Rao
Keyword(s):  
Human Condition ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Entire Spectrum ◽  
Philosophical Foundations ◽  
The Third ◽  
Dialectical Process ◽  
Practical Synthesis ◽  
Philosophical Structure ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
The Human Condition

The third chapter discusses truth (satya) and non-violence (ahimsa) as the basic principles encompassing the entire spectrum of Gandhi’s thought. This chapter deals primarily with the philosophical foundations of Gandhian thought and practices. In Gandhi’s ontology, reality comprises two aspects—the transcendent and the immanent, the ideal and the actual. The dual aspects of reality often appear in the human condition as polarized. The perceived bipolarity sets up a dialectical process and results in a sequence of attempts to find practical synthesis of the ideal and the actual. This chapter is an attempt to address the theoretical conundrums surfacing in Gandhi’s work and sketch a plausible framework for a philosophical structure in order to understand Gandhi’s ideas and practices in the chapters that follow.

The Role of Fault in Contract Law

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvin A. Eisenberg
Keyword(s):  
Building Block ◽  
Strict Liability ◽  
Contract Law ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Breach Of Contract ◽  
Contract Liability ◽  
The Human Condition

Chapter 12 considers the role of fault in contract law. Restatement Second of Contracts provides that “Contract liability is strict liability. It is an accepted maxim that pacta sunt servanda, contracts are to be kept. The obligor is therefore liable in damages for breach of contract even if he is without fault . . . .” Similarly, the Farnsworth’s treatise states that “contract law is, in its essential design, a law of strict liability, and the accompanying system of remedies operates without regard to fault.” These statements, and many others like them, are incorrect. As a normative matter fault should be a building block of contract law. One part of the human condition is that we hold many moral values concerning right and wrong, and therefore fault. Contract law cannot escape this condition.

scholarly journals MATER MATUTA, ‘FERTILITY CULTS’ AND THE INTEGRATION OF WOMEN IN RELIGIOUS LIFE IN ITALY IN THE FOURTH TO FIRST CENTURIES BC

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 1-45
Author(s):  
Maureen Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Health ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Civic Identity ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
Religious Activities ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Textual Evidence ◽  
Mother Goddess ◽  
Wide Range

This study explores social and gendered aspects of female fertility in popular religious practices in Italy in the last four centuries BC, and it investigates the role of supplication and votive dedications in promoting maternal health and family continuity. It tackles modern assumptions which have strongly aligned the religious activities of women in Republican Italy with their generative interests and specific ‘fertility cults’ or ‘women's goddesses’. Divinities associated with fertility are explored here, with particular emphasis on Mater Matuta who is often defined in modern research as a ‘mother goddess’. The study shows that cults purely concerned with fertility are unlikely to have existed. Fertility was only one of several fundamental personal concerns brought by women and men to the generalist and polyvalent deities of Republican Italy. Items associated with fertility, such as terracotta wombs, male and female genitals, and swaddled infants, always occur together with other anatomical ex-votos across a wide range of sites and were dedicated to many deities. Considering the archaeological and textual evidence, Mater Matuta can be shown to have occupied a more flexible and encompassing space in the pantheon, and her involvement in marriage, motherhood and childbearing was part of a wider repertoire of responsibilities. The study also focuses attention on a distinctive, but largely overlooked, votive assemblage from Capua which includes numerous tufa statues of women and babies. The paper proposes that they should be understood as votive objects offered to an unknown deity by Capuan women as thanks for support in the generative enterprise, personally and more broadly in the context of the city's religious and civic identity.

Two Problems, Two Miracles

2018 ◽  
pp. 25-56
Author(s):  
S. Mark Heim
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
The Way ◽  
The Human Condition

Section one, “What to Study?”, describes the choice of comparative topics in the two traditions. Section two, “Bridging Gaps,” explains the structural similarity in the role of the Bodhisattva and of Christ in that each addresses and resolves a key paradox constituted by the distinctive analysis of the human condition in Buddhism and Christianity. Section three reviews the basics of the bodhisattva’s role and significance in Buddhism in relation to enlightenment. Section four reviews the basics of Christ’s role and significance in Christianity in relation to salvation. The final section discusses the way in which these two figures are “too similar to be contrary, too distinct to be exchanged.”

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