Chapter 2. White, Burke and the “literary” nature of historical controversies

2017 ◽  
pp. 18-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica Tozzi
Keyword(s):  
Historical Controversies

The Contemporary Middle East

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanford R. Silverburg ◽  
David Ettinger
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
Islamic Fundamentalism ◽  
Global Security ◽  
Regional Stability ◽  
Nuclear Age ◽  
International Attention ◽  
The Arab Spring ◽  
Historical Controversies

As historic issues continue to fester, historical controversies resurface with renewed intensity, and new threats to global security arise, the contemporary Middle East remains a hotbed of activity and the epicenter of international attention. Even as the “Arab Spring” has transformed the complexion of the region, reoccurring issues such as the Arab-Israeli conflict and Sunni-Shia divide still languish. Civil wars in Syria and Yemen convulse the area, Iraq struggles to reconstitute itself, and Iran moves ominously into the nuclear age. Islamic fundamentalism, terrorism, internecine conflict, and civil war have made the area a veritable crucible that has jeopardized regional stability and resurrected superpower rivalries.

scholarly journals Historical controversies about the thalamus: from etymology to function

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. E13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Serra ◽  
Lelio Guida ◽  
Victor E. Staartjes ◽  
Niklaus Krayenbühl ◽  
Uğur Türe
Keyword(s):  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Thalamic Nuclei ◽  
Microscopic Anatomy ◽  
Macroscopic Anatomy ◽  
Human Thalamus ◽  
Historical Controversies ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Thalamic Function

The authors report on and discuss the historical evolution of the 3 intellectual and scientific domains essential for the current understanding of the function of the human thalamus: 1) the identification of the thalamus as a distinct anatomical and functional entity, 2) the subdivision of thalamic gray matter into functionally homogeneous units (the thalamic nuclei) and relative disputes about nuclei nomenclature, and 3) experimental physiology and its limitations.Galen was allegedly the first to identify the thalamus. The etymology of the term remains unknown although it is hypothesized that Galen may have wanted to recall the thalamus of Odysseus. Burdach was the first to clearly and systematically define the thalamus and its macroscopic anatomy, which paved the way to understanding its internal microarchitecture. This structure in turn was studied in both nonhuman primates (Friedemann) and humans (Vogt and Vogt), leading to several discrepancies in the findings because of interspecies differences. As a consequence, two main nomenclatures developed, generating sometimes inconsistent (or nonreproducible) anatomo-functional correlations. Recently, considerable effort has been aimed at producing a unified nomenclature, based mainly on functional data, which is indispensable for future developments. The development of knowledge about macro- and microscopic anatomy has allowed a shift from the first galenic speculations about thalamic function (the “thalamus opticorum nervorum”) to more detailed insights into the sensory and motor function of the thalamus in the 19th and 20th centuries. This progress is mostly the result of lesion and tracing studies. Direct evidence of the in vivo function of the human thalamus, however, originates from awake stereotactic procedures only.Our current knowledge about the function of the human thalamus is the result of a long process that occurred over several centuries and has been inextricably intermingled with the increasing accumulation of data about thalamic macro- and microscopic anatomy. Although the thalamic anatomy can currently be considered well understood, further studies are still needed to gain a deeper insight into the function of the human thalamus in vivo.

Bandera: memorialization and commemoration

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 750-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Liebich ◽  
Oksana Myshlovska
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Political Strategies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Topographic Survey ◽  
Historical Controversies

This article examines the current heroization of Ukrainian nationalist leader, Stepan Bandera, as manifested in monuments and commemorative practices. It offers a topographic survey that reveals the extent and variety of modes of Bandera heroization. It examines the esthetic and historical controversies that surround Bandera memorialization. It enquires into the personal motivations and political strategies that underlie the effort to project the chosen image of Bandera upon the public space in highly visible terms. It suggests that the campaign in favor of memorializing Bandera can best be understood in performative terms. It is in depicting Bandera as a hero of Ukraine that Bandera becomes a hero of Ukraine.

Muslim Minority Groups in American Islam

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad ◽  
Jane I. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Islamic History ◽  
Islam In America ◽  
Current Configuration ◽  
Important Concern ◽  
Muslim Minority ◽  
Christian Missionary ◽  
The Right ◽  
Historical Controversies

Throughout Islamic history the issue of leadership of the community has been of primary importance. The Sunni majority has identified Muslims who did not give allegiance to the Caliph as shiʿa, or sectarians. Two of the groups discussed in this chapter are part of the historical controversies over community leadership, and for all of them leadership remains a very important concern. Both the Nizari Ismaʿilis, led by Imam Aga Khan, and the Druze are offshoots of the Fatimid countercaliphate, which flourished for two centuries. The other two groups are more modern. The Ahmadiyya developed in the context of European occupation of Islamic lands and the reaction to Christian missionary activity and modernization. The Qur'anists, sometimes referred to as the Ahl al-Qur'an, share the beliefs of the United Submitters International regarding the Qur'an as the sole foundation of Islam. With long-term roots in attempts to understand the “right” way to live Islamically, they are more recent as an identified school of thought. All of these groups maintain a presence in the current configuration of Islam in America.

scholarly journals Guiding students in Singapore to investigate historical controversy using a disciplinary approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Baildon ◽  
Suhaimi Afandi ◽  
Sandra Bott ◽  
Chelva Rajah
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
History Education ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
History Teaching ◽  
Historical Controversy ◽  
Widespread Access ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
Historical Controversies

In this article, we make the case for teaching historical controversy on disciplinary and educational grounds. We outline an approach for teaching controversial history topics that engages students with authentic historical problems, such as historical controversies or actual debates taken up by historians, and allows students to participate in history as an interpretative enterprise. The disciplinary approach we suggest can also help teachers practically manage the challenges of teaching contentious topics by drawing on the disciplinary methods and standards used in history. Teaching controversial topics is challenging in many contexts, and in this article we highlight some of the challenges teachers in Singapore face when teaching controversial topics in history classrooms. We also draw on research that examines the conceptions Singaporean students hold about history and the nature of accounts in history. We argue that teaching historical controversy can help students develop their conceptual understanding of historical accounts, understand the nature of history as a discipline, and build their historical knowledge. We conclude by arguing that in a time of widespread access to multiple and often competing accounts about past and present in social media, a discipline-based history education is more important than ever.

The Contemporary Middle East

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanford R. Silverburg
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
Islamic Fundamentalism ◽  
Global Security ◽  
Regional Stability ◽  
Nuclear Age ◽  
International Attention ◽  
The Arab Spring ◽  
Historical Controversies

As historic issues continue to fester, historical controversies resurface with renewed intensity, and new threats to global security arise, the contemporary Middle East remains a hotbed of activity and the epicenter of international attention. Even as the “Arab Spring” has transformed the complexion of the region, reoccurring issues such as the Arab-Israeli conflict and the Sunni-Shia divide still languish. Civil wars in Syria and Yemen convulse the area, Iraq struggles to reconstitute itself, and Iran moves ominously into the nuclear age. Islamic fundamentalism, terrorism, internecine conflict, and civil war have made the area a veritable crucible that has jeopardized regional stability and resurrected superpower rivalries.

The U.S. Congressional Record as a technology of representation

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zornitsa Keremidchieva
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
The Public ◽  
Congressional Debates ◽  
Congressional Record ◽  
Written Form ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Historical Controversies ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Argumentative Practice

Focusing on the historical controversies surrounding the development of the print records of the U.S. congressional debates, this essay explores how human, technological, and discursive agencies come together to constitute institutional argumentative practice. Examining the U.S. Congressional Record through the lens of Bruno Latour’s concept of dingpolitik reveals that as a technology of representation print records work less as mediators and more as agents of institutional contextualization. Print records do more than translate arguments from oral to written form or transfer arguments from the public sphere to the state. Rather, they assemble the disparate elements that constitute the terrains of governance, the character of political issues, and the norms of congressional deliberation. Hence, the material dynamics of congressional deliberation prompt not only a reconsideration of what and who is being represented by Congress, but also a methodological reorientation from normative to constitutive perspectives on institutional argumentation.

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