Power in politeness

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-90
Author(s):  
Ray Nwabenu Chikogu
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Class Structure ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
Conscious Effort ◽  
The Social

The nature of most human societies, where the aspirations and desires of people are never completely fulfilled, and where such aspirations always conflict with those of other persons, presupposes a conscious effort by persons to strive for the recognition of and acceptance of their goals. They also crave the freedom to aspire towards the realization of their dreams. Because human relations and communication are conveyed principally by linguistic vehicles, much of the struggle for power is also expressed through language. It is shown in this study how a social miscreant occupying the lowest rung of the social class structure, effects a change in power relations with society’s top notchers through the deployment of the linguistic concept of politeness in dramatic dialogue, from which we draw conclusions that may be reflective of real life.

scholarly journals Theory driven analysis of social class and health outcomes using UK nationally representative longitudinal data

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Welcome Wami ◽  
Gerry McCartney ◽  
Mel Bartley ◽  
Duncan Buchanan ◽  
Ruth Dundas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Variation Explained ◽  
Market Relations

Abstract Background Social class is frequently used as a means of ranking the population to expose inequalities in health, but less often as a means of understanding the social processes of causation. We explored how effectively different social class mechanisms could be measured by longitudinal cohort data and whether those measures were able to explain health outcomes. Methods Using a theoretically informed approach, we sought to map variables within the National Child Development Study (NCDS) to five different social class mechanisms: social background and early life circumstances; habitus and distinction; exploitation and domination; location within market relations; and power relations. Associations between the SF-36 physical, emotional and general health outcomes at age 50 years and the social class measures within NCDS were then assessed through separate multiple linear regression models. R2 values were used to quantify the proportion of variance in outcomes explained by the independent variables. Results We were able to map the NCDS variables to the each of the social class mechanisms except ‘Power relations’. However, the success of the mapping varied across mechanisms. Furthermore, although relevant associations between exposures and outcomes were observed, the mapped NCDS variables explained little of the variation in health outcomes: for example, for physical functioning, the R2 values ranged from 0.04 to 0.10 across the four mechanisms we could map. Conclusions This study has demonstrated both the potential and the limitations of available cohort studies in measuring aspects of social class theory. The relatively small amount of variation explained in the outcome variables in this study suggests that these are imperfect measures of the different social class mechanisms. However, the study lays an important foundation for further research to understand the complex interactions, at various life stages, between different aspects of social class and subsequent health outcomes.

The Distribution of Juvenile Delinquency in the Social Class Structure

1961 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert J. Reiss ◽  
Albert Lewis Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
Class Structure ◽  
The Social

The Views of Adolescents on Some Aspects of the Social Class Structure

1952 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. Himmelweit ◽  
A. H. Halsey ◽  
A. N. Oppenheim
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Class Structure ◽  
The Social

scholarly journals DINAMIKA IDEOLOGI KARMAN DALAM NOVEL KUBAH KARYA AHMAD TOHARI BERDASARKAN PERSPEKTIF SOSIOLOGI SASTRA MARXISME

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Basid ◽  
Zahrah Nida' Rosyida As Sulthoni
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Class Structure ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Exposure Analysis ◽  
Structure Relation ◽  
The Social

This study aims to analyze the dynamics of ideology that occurred on the main character named Karman in a novel ‘Kubah’ by Ahmad Tohari. The analysis uses Marx's literary sociology theory which focuses on the grouping of society classes based on their infrastructure and superstructure in literary works. The exposure analysis includes; (1) discussion of ideological conceptualization, (2) discussion of Marx's sociology of novel ‘Kubah’ paradigm of social class structure relation in society which include: (a) the analysis of the social class structure of literature, i.e. identification of social background into the context of the occurrence, identification of social classes, the analysis of social activities that occur among social classes represented in interrelated relations, and (b) the literary social class structure relation with the social class structure of society. Based on the analysis, we would discover the form, cause, and impact of Karman's ideological dynamics on Pegaten society.

Incomes of the population as a base of class affiliation

10.12737/3372 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-220
Author(s):  
Васильева ◽  
Svetlana Vasileva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Clear Distinction ◽  
Class Structure ◽  
Advanced Economy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Per Capita

In economic theory, society on income in the social-class structure is divided into "low", "medium" and "high" classes. Worldwide, there are certain conditions for membership to a particular level. In Russia, there are no clear criteria yet. The country there is a clear distinction between the "rich" wealthy people and "poor" living on the poverty line. Basis for any advanced economy is the middle class that meets the requirements, since having a certain type of property and the amount received per capita income.

scholarly journals Ideologi dan Kelas Sosial Pengarang dalam Novel Matinya Sang Penguasa Karya Nawal el Sadawi: Kajian Sastra Marxis

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Fajrul Falah
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Class Structure ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Sociology Of Literature ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Lower Social Class ◽  
The Rich

This research is based on thought that the novel is an imitation or reflection of society (mimetis). There are motives, purpose, and messages the author wishes to convey through his opus. The object of this research is the novel Matinya Sang Penguasa (MSP) by Nawal el Sadawi. In the MSP, there is a social gap between the rich and the poor, and between the ruler and the people. Class gap and this social class contradiction enter domain sociology of literature, especially Marxist literature. This research aims to answer the problem how social aspects, Like the social class structure, the novel relationship with society, and the author's position or ideology that exists in the novel MSP. The results show that there is a social class contrast in the novel MSP. The upper social class is represented by the ruler (Walidesa), while the lower social class is represented by the people (Zakeya). The author's position and ideology appears in the lower classes, which seeks to fight for its rights and against the arbitrariness of the (authoritarian) authorities. This authoritarian ruler then elicits resistance from the people. The fight between the ruler and the people was won by the people.

scholarly journals Mapping the Social Class Structure: From Occupational Mobility to Social Class Categories Using Network Analysis

Sociology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1257-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Toubøl ◽  
Anton Grau Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Occupational Mobility ◽  
Class Structure ◽  
The Social ◽  
Class Divisions ◽  
Mobility Tables

This article develops a new explorative method for deriving social class categories from patterns of occupational mobility. In line with Max Weber, our research is based on the notion that, if class boundaries do not inhibit social mobility then the class categories are of little value. Thus, unlike dominant, theoretically defined class schemes, this article derives social class categories from observed patterns in a mobility network covering intra-generational mobility. The network is based on a mobility table of 109 occupational categories tied together by 1,590,834 job shifts on the Danish labour market 2001–2007. The number of categories are reduced from 109 to 34 by applying a new clustering algorithm specifically designed for the study of mobility tables (MONECA). These intra-generational social class categories are related to the central discussions of gender, income, education and political action by providing empirical evidence of strong patterns of intra-generational class divisions along these lines.

scholarly journals The effect of social class on Persian EFL learners’ pragmatic performance of Speech act of compliment responses

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Saman Ebadi ◽  
Farkhondeh Pursiah
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
The Social ◽  
Compliment Responses

This study attempts to investigate how the participants’ social class affects types and frequency of EFL language learners’ compliment responses (CR).Data were collected from 60 Persian EFL Learners by using a DCT on various real life situations. The data were categorized and analyzed based onthe adapted version of CR categorization developed by Herbert (1989).The results indicated that both high and middle social class followed very similar patterns of CR.  The CR pattern doesnot seem to fluctuate according to the social class of the participants.The discrepancy in the strategies utilized by the participants in this study between the data achieved from the Persian and English questionnaires does not support L1 pragmalinguistic transfer in CR patterns for the middle social class participants.The findings of the research contribute to social, psychological and linguistic aspects of language learning in terms of examining the effect ofinteracting factors on the process of language learning in general and pragmatics in particular. Keywords: social class, compliment, compliment response, speech acts.

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