scholarly journals Mapping the Social Class Structure: From Occupational Mobility to Social Class Categories Using Network Analysis

Sociology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1257-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Toubøl ◽  
Anton Grau Larsen

This article develops a new explorative method for deriving social class categories from patterns of occupational mobility. In line with Max Weber, our research is based on the notion that, if class boundaries do not inhibit social mobility then the class categories are of little value. Thus, unlike dominant, theoretically defined class schemes, this article derives social class categories from observed patterns in a mobility network covering intra-generational mobility. The network is based on a mobility table of 109 occupational categories tied together by 1,590,834 job shifts on the Danish labour market 2001–2007. The number of categories are reduced from 109 to 34 by applying a new clustering algorithm specifically designed for the study of mobility tables (MONECA). These intra-generational social class categories are related to the central discussions of gender, income, education and political action by providing empirical evidence of strong patterns of intra-generational class divisions along these lines.

2017 ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Nicolás Fleet

ResumenEste artículo desarrolla, en tres pasos, una perspectiva original de la teoría de la dominación de Max Weber. El primer paso establece un vínculo necesario entre las formas típicas de dominación política y los intereses sociales, de modo que toda acción política debe legitimarse ante el interés general. El segundo paso explica las crisis de legitimación como una respuesta a cambios de identidad en la base social de la dominación política, de tal forma que se introduce un concepto dinámico de legitimidad. El tercer paso establece que los valores que habitan en las formas legitimas de dominación política son usados como orientaciones simbólicas por parte de intereses sociales y acciones políticas particulares, de manera que toda forma de legitimación de la autoridad encierra, en sus propias premisas, los argumentos que justifican luchas políticas hacia la modificación de los esquemas de dominación.Palabras clave: legitimidad, dominación, acción política, democratización.Abstract This article develops, in three steps, an orignal perspective of Weber’s legitimacy theory. The first one, establishes a necessary link that exists between the typical forms of legitimate domination and the social interests, in such a way that every political action that purse the realization of its interests has to legitimate itself before the general will. The second explains the legitimation crises as a response to indentity changes at the social base of the political domination and, in so doing, it introduces a dinamic concept of legitimacy. The third step states that the values that dwell in legitimate forms of political domination are used as symbolic orientations by particular social intersts and political actions, in a way that each form of authority legitimation encapsulate, in its own premises, the arguments that justify political struggles aiming toward the modification of the domination schemes.Key words: legitimacy, domination, political action, democratization.


1961 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert J. Reiss ◽  
Albert Lewis Rhodes

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-90
Author(s):  
Ray Nwabenu Chikogu

The nature of most human societies, where the aspirations and desires of people are never completely fulfilled, and where such aspirations always conflict with those of other persons, presupposes a conscious effort by persons to strive for the recognition of and acceptance of their goals. They also crave the freedom to aspire towards the realization of their dreams. Because human relations and communication are conveyed principally by linguistic vehicles, much of the struggle for power is also expressed through language. It is shown in this study how a social miscreant occupying the lowest rung of the social class structure, effects a change in power relations with society’s top notchers through the deployment of the linguistic concept of politeness in dramatic dialogue, from which we draw conclusions that may be reflective of real life.


1952 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. Himmelweit ◽  
A. H. Halsey ◽  
A. N. Oppenheim

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-38
Author(s):  
Angelo Serpa

Resumo O artigo busca problematizar a relação dialética entre diversidade e desigualdade em uma perspectiva geográfica e em um contexto de fragmentação socioespacial. Parte-se da premissa de que pensar em diversidade social remete às particularidades do social, enquanto refletir sobre desigualdade social requer, em termos mais gerais, uma análise da estrutura social. Em um primeiro momento, e a partir de dados de pesquisa realizada pela ONG britânica OXFAM Brasil e da divulgação do relatório “A distância que nos une – Um retrato das desigualdades brasileiras”, em 2017, diversidade e desigualdade são articuladas enquanto categorias para a reflexão sobre conquistas e retrocessos no contexto brasileiro. A seguir, a categoria “classe social” vai ser operacionalizada para refletir sobre o empreendedorismo popular em bairros e cidades do estado da Bahia, a partir da sistematização de dados de nossas próprias pesquisas. Por fim, busca-se aprofundar a discussão sobre o processo de fragmentação socioespacial nos diferentes recortes e escalas abordados bem como sobre a possibilidade de ação política em um contexto adverso de fragmentação. Palavras-chave: Diversidade, desigualdade, fragmentação socioespacial, classe social, ação política, Bahia, Brasil.   Abstract The article aims to discuss the dialectical relationship between diversity and inequality in contexts of socio-spatial fragmentation through a geographical perspective. We start from the premise that thinking about social diversity refers itself to the particularities of the social phenomenon whilst reflecting on social inequality requires, in broad terms, an analysis of the social structure. Initially, based on research results by the British NGO OXFAM Brazil and their report "The distance that unites us: an overview of Brazilian inequalities", we sought to articulate inequality and diversity as categories to reflect on the Brazilian context, its achievements and setbacks. Next, based on the systematized data of our own researches, we operationalized the category “social class” to meditate on popular entrepreneurship in various neighborhoods and cities in Bahia, Brazil.  Ultimately, we tried to deepen the discussion about the process of socio-spatial fragmentation in the different spatial scales addressed and to reflect on the possibilities of political action in adverse contexts of fragmentation. Keywords: Diversity, inequality, socio-spatial fragmentation, social class, political action, Bahia, Brazil.   Résumé L 'article cherche à problématiser la relation dialectique entre diversité et inégalité dans une perspective géographique et dans un contexte de fragmentation socio - spatiale. En partant du principe que la réflexion sur la diversité sociale renvoie aux particularités du social, tandis que la réflexion sur l'inégalité sociale nécessite, en termes plus généraux, d´une analyse de la structure sociale. Initialement, sur la base des données de recherche de l'ONG britannique OXFAM Brésil et de la publication du rapport «La distance qui nous unit - Un portrait des inégalités brésiliennes», en 2017, la diversité et l'inégalité sont articulées en tant que catégories de réflexion sur les réussites et les échecs dans le contexte brésilien. Ensuite, la catégorie «classe sociale» sera opérationnalisée pour réfléchir sur l'entrepreneuriat populaire dans les quartiers et les villes de l'État de Bahia, basé sur la systématisation des données issues de nos propres recherches. Enfin, nous cherchons à approfondir la discussion sur le processus de fragmentation socio-spatiale dans les différentes découpes et échelles abordées ainsi que sur la possibilité d'une action politique dans un contexte de fragmentation adverse. Mots-clés: Diversité, inégalité, fragmentation socio-spatiale, classe sociale, action politique, Bahia, Brésil.


Author(s):  
Richard Breen ◽  
Ruud Luijkx ◽  
Eline Berkers

The Netherlands is well known for a sustained and marked trend towards greater social fluidity during the twentieth century. This chapter investigates trends in mobility across birth cohorts of Dutch men and women born in the first three-quarters of the twentieth century. During this time there was also a rapid upgrading of the Dutch class structure and marked expansion of the educational. But education played only a limited role in driving the increase in social fluidity: rather it was due mostly to the growing shares of people from nonservice-class origins who lacked a tertiary qualification but nevertheless moved into service-class destinations. An oversupply of service-class positions, relative to the share of people with a tertiary qualification, allowed less-qualified men and women from less-advantaged class backgrounds to be upwardly mobile.


2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Iannelli

For over a century, the goal of reducing class inequalities in educational attainment has been based at least in part on the belief that this would help to equalise life chances. Drawing upon the main findings of three ESRC-funded projects, this paper reviews the empirical evidence on trends in social class inequalities in educational attainment and the role of education in promoting social mobility in Scotland. The findings show that in the second half of the twentieth century, despite the increase in overall levels of attainment, class differences in educational attainment persisted. Educational policies in Scotland supported educational expansion which allowed larger numbers of working-class children to climb the social class ladder than in the past. However, these did not translate into any break with the patterns of social inequalities in the chances of entering the top-level occupations. The conclusions highlight that educational policies on their own are not powerful enough to change patterns of social mobility which are mainly driven by labour market and social class structures.


1966 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Dieter Evers

AbstractUrbanization and bureaucratization are usually connected with a high rate of social mobility in western industrialized societies. In Thailand, however, mobility has declined at least between certain strata of Thai society following the consolidation of a bureaucratic elite in the expanding urban centre of Bangkok. The growing size, the monopolization of certain status symbols, the development of a distinct subculture and the concentration of economic and political power are indications that the bureaucratic elite is developing into a social class. It is therefore concluded that urbanization and bureaucratization in formerly loosely structured societies may lead to the formation of a class system and to a temporary decline of social mobility.


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