Menos masculino, demasiado infantil

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew John Hadodo ◽  
Matthew Kanwit

Abstract Age is an under-analyzed variable in linguistic research concerning gender and sexuality. We consider these three constructs by examining diminutives as an index of gay sexuality in Madrid Spanish across two tasks. Although phonetic cues have received great attention, morphological features (e.g. diminutives) may also index gayness (Mendes 2014). Moreover, despite frequent usage across Spanish-speaking varieties, diminutives are primarily restricted to women and children in north-central Spain (Haensch 2002). In a diminutive reaction task, 53 Madrid residents indicated whether men, women, adults, or children were likely to have uttered diminutivized sentences. Mixed-effects models indicated that the number of diminutives and sentence theme significantly affected perception, and participants’ evaluations in a free response task corroborated that men using diminutives were considered effeminate, gay, and childish. Thus, even with sociophonetic cues removed, morphological phenomena create a gay percept. This study demonstrates how age ideologies inform indexicalization processes related to gender and sexuality.

Author(s):  
Juana Santana Marrero

RESUMEN: El estudio del fonema /θs/ en muestras de habla recientes de la ciudad de Sevilla revelan la convivencia de sus variantes vernáculas divergentes (patrones de seseo, ceceo y jejeo) con realizaciones convergentes (escisión fonemática /s/ → [s] : /θ/ → [θ]). Esta última pauta pone de manifi esto la permeabilidad de rasgos de pronunciación procedentes del español centro-norteño, habitualmente asociado al modelo de prestigio lingüístico. En esta investigación se analizan estos procesos de variación a partir de los materiales de PRESEEA-Sevilla, recopilados entre los años 2009 y 2017. Concretamente, la alternancia de los alófonos se pone en relación con factores externos (nivel educativo, edad y sexo de los informantes de la muestra) y con factores internos (sonidos sibilantes en el entorno silábico cercano y tipo de sustantivo, común o propio). Los resultados revelan los cambios que se están produciendo actualmente en el habla de la capital hispalense, con un avance progresivo del patrón conservador /s/ → [s] : /θ/ → [θ], liderado especialmente por algunos sectores poblacionales como los hablantes con grado de instrucción alta y las mujeres. Por su parte, el tradicional patrón seseante pervive con fuerza entre los sujetos con nivel de estudios bajo, en estrecha lucha con la pauta convergente; el ceceo sigue percibiéndose como una norma minoritaria; y el jejeo queda reducido a casos esporádicos asociados a un número concreto de lexías. Se perciben diferentes grados de inseguridad, en tanto que es habitual que un mismo hablante combine, en distinta proporción, más de una variante en sus intervenciones. Por último, los factores internos no fueron especialmente determinantes, con cierta incidencia de la asimilación progresiva y, en algunos casos, del sustantivo propio.ABSTRACT: The study of the phoneme /θs/ in speaking samples recently taken in Seville reveals the coexistence between its divergent vernacular variants (seseo, ceceo and jejeo patterns) and the convergent realizations (phonemic division /s/ → [s] : /θ/ → [θ]). This aspect indicates a fl exible absorption of the pronunciation characteristics which come from north-central Spain, often associated with the linguistic standard. This investigation compiles a complete analysis of these variation processes included in PRESEEA-Seville corpus, collected between 2009 and 2017. Specifi cally, the alternation of the allophones depends on both extralinguistic factors, such as the informants’ educational level, age and gender; and linguistic parameters as is the case of sibilant sounds connecting with the nearby syllabus, or proper and common nouns. The results show how the spoken Spanish in Seville is constantly changing according to the conservatory patterns /s/ → [s]: /θ/ → [θ], which is led by certain population sectors such as high sociolects and women. As for, the seseo is highly used amongst low sociolects, counteracting with the convergent norm; the ceceo is still conceived as a minority rule; and the jejeo is scarcely associated to a particular number of words. A certain degree of insecurity is observed, in such a way that the same speaker combines, in different proportions, more than just one variant. Finally, the internal factors weren’t quite determinative, excepting the infl uence of the progressive assimilation, and, in some cases, of the proper noun.


Author(s):  
Andrés Martínez Cardín

The presence in Spain of the French congregations devoted to education comes determined by the political events that took place during the III Republic in the neighbouring country starting at the end of 19th century. Like many others, , clergymen from San Viator, a congregation founded by the French priest Luis Querbes and devoted to education since 1851, arrived in Spain in 1903 with the aim of finding refuge and continuing their educational work. After settling  at a first stage in the city of Vitoria (Basque Country, Spain), they soon developed a program of foundations in the nearby surroundings which culminated with their establishment of a centre in Asturias (north-central Spain). With the approval of the diocese and the parish, they opened their first school in 1912, in the Asturian village of Cangas de Onís, which was soon followed by other twin foundations in Ribadesella and Infiesto. Our article undertakes to review their presence in the area - largely  ignored today in the school scene of our region - by analysing those pedagogic principles which inspired their dedication to the school, their educational offer and their capacity for innovating and adapting to the interests of an industrial society aspiring to secure a top-class education for their pupils. For this commitment they used, among other things the regional press as an advertising resource that was able to guarantee them the prestige attained in the region along their educational journey.  


Geomorphology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 88 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 226-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Benito-Calvo ◽  
Alfredo Pérez-González

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remmert Daams ◽  
Albert Jan van der Meulen ◽  
Maria de los Angeles Alvarez Sierra ◽  
Pablo Peláez-Campomanes ◽  
José Pedro Calvo ◽  
...  

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Meiss ◽  
Jesús Feijó-Muñoz

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