scholarly journals Probability and certainty markers in French and in Spanish (sans doute / sin duda)

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Miche ◽  
Clara Ubaldina Lorda
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Formal Similarity ◽  
Degree Of Certainty ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In this article, we analyse the modal forms sans doute and sin duda. (lit. without doubts or undoubtedly). Despite their formal similarity, they do not always represent the same degree of certainty in French and Spanish. After a detailed analysis of their use in both languages, our conclusions show that sans doute is a probability marker, whereas sin duda is an (almost) certainty marker. After examining the relationship of these modal markers with evidentiality, we underscore the epistemic character of both markers; they are related to belief and subjectivity, thus the nature of certainty that they express is indirect and subjective. Sin duda manifests a higher degree of conviction than sans doute.

scholarly journals Geostrategic interests of turkey and Iran in the Caspian region

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S2) ◽  
pp. 764-773
Author(s):  
Sabir I. Shukurov
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Caspian Region ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Territorial Integrity ◽  
Advantageous Position ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
The Relationship

The relevance of this article is due to the advantageous geostrategical position of the Republic of Azerbaijan in the Caspian region, which makes it a significant and attractive location for neighbouring states both politically and economically, causing not only partnership relations between the countries but also the probable insecurity of Azerbaijan's territorial integrity. The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the complex of geostrategic relations in the Caspian region on the example of the relationship of the Republic of Azerbaijan with the Republic of Turkey and the Islamic Republic of Iran. The leading method for the study of this topic is, first of all, a deep and detailed analysis of the geostrategic and geopolitically advantageous position of the Republic of Azerbaijan, as well as the method of comparing its relations with neighbouring states, which makes it possible to imagine as accurately as possible the general geopolitical picture of the Caspian region. 

scholarly journals MODERN NEWSPAPER DISCOURSE: DEFENTION OF GENDER AND COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3(84)) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
S. Izyumskaya ◽  
L. Chaava
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Media Presentation ◽  
Newspaper Text ◽  
Communicative Strategy ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This article is devoted to one of the most urgent problems– the relationship of the concepts of "gender", "newspaper discourse", "communicative strategy", "media presentation". The focus is on the ways to introduce the concept of "gender" in a modern newspaper text, the consideration of high-frequency strategies and tactics that the authors of the text turn to when including this word. The author convincingly proves that a detailed analysis of the ways of entering the word "gender" helps to better understand the semantics of this concept, to analyze the methods of representation in the space of modern newspaper discourse.

scholarly journals II. Researches on the chemistry of the camphoric acids

1890 ◽  
Vol 47 (286-291) ◽  
pp. 6-12 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Permanganate ◽  
Present State ◽  
Alkaline Solution ◽  
British Association ◽  
Degree Of Certainty ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Camphoric Acid

For some time past I have been engaged in the study of some derivatives camphor, with the view of determining, if possible, with some degree of certainty the constitution of that body. I do not propose to enter now into any account of the present state of our knowledge as to the chemistry of camphor, but at once to bring forward something of my own experience on this subject. Of part of the results which I have obtained I gave a brief account at the meeting of the British Association last year at Bath. This account had reference chiefly to some further evidence of the relationship of camphor to hexahydrometaxylene, and to the products of oxidation of camphoric acid by means of an alkaline solution of potassium permanganate. These researches were not published, and not even yet completed. are

scholarly journals Bailee's Liability for Failure to Warn Bailor of Lack of Insurance: Source of the Duty of Care

1969 ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
M. M. Litman
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Duty Of Care ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The writer presents a detailed analysis of a recent torts case. Thecase is used as a vehicle for examination of several broader legal issues such as: the scope of the duty of affirmative care generated by the relationship of bailment, the characteristics of relationships which give rise to duties of affirmative care, misfeasance versus nonfeasance, and the principle of Hedley Byrne.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

Studies on Leukemogenic and Sarcomagenic Viruses

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
Leon Dmochowski
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Mode Of Development ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Electron microscopy has proved to be an invaluable discipline in studies on the relationship of viruses to the origin of leukemia, sarcoma, and other types of tumors in animals and man. The successful cell-free transmission of leukemia and sarcoma in mice, rats, hamsters, and cats, interpreted as due to a virus or viruses, was proved to be due to a virus on the basis of electron microscope studies. These studies demonstrated that all the types of neoplasia in animals of the species examined are produced by a virus of certain characteristic morphological properties similar, if not identical, in the mode of development in all types of neoplasia in animals, as shown in Fig. 1.

The relationship of IGE receptor topography to signaling activity in RBL-2H3 mast cells

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 236-237
Author(s):  
J.R. Pfeiffer ◽  
J.C. Seagrave ◽  
C. Wofsy ◽  
J.M. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Scattered Electron ◽  
Ige Receptor ◽  
Receptor Complexes ◽  
Ige Binding ◽  
Electron Imaging ◽  
Small Clusters ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In RBL-2H3 rat leukemic mast cells, crosslinking IgE-receptor complexes with anti-IgE antibody leads to degranulation. Receptor crosslinking also stimulates the redistribution of receptors on the cell surface, a process that can be observed by labeling the anti-IgE with 15 nm protein A-gold particles as described in Stump et al. (1989), followed by back-scattered electron imaging (BEI) in the scanning electron microscope. We report that anti-IgE binding stimulates the redistribution of IgE-receptor complexes at 37“C from a dispersed topography (singlets and doublets; S/D) to distributions dominated sequentially by short chains, small clusters and large aggregates of crosslinked receptors. These patterns can be observed (Figure 1), quantified (Figure 2) and analyzed statistically. Cells incubated with 1 μg/ml anti-IgE, a concentration that stimulates maximum net secretion, redistribute receptors as far as chains and small clusters during a 15 min incubation period. At 3 and 10 μg/ml anti-IgE, net secretion is reduced and the majority of receptors redistribute rapidly into clusters and large aggregates.

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