Comparing lexical bundle use in EAP reading textbooks to lower-division university textbooks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethan M. Lynn
Keyword(s):  
Reading Instruction ◽  
English For Academic Purposes ◽  
Prepositional Phrase ◽  
Corpus Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Qualitative Comparison ◽  
Lower Division ◽  
Lexical Bundle ◽  
Reading Textbooks

Abstract This study employed a corpus analysis to describe differences in lexical bundle patterns between English for academic purposes (EAP) reading textbooks and lower-division university textbooks by focusing on three characteristics: (1) the frequency of occurrence of bundles, (2) the frequency of bundle structures (e.g., phrasal vs. clausal), and (3) the frequency of bundle discourse functions (e.g., stance, discourse organizers, and referential; see Biber et al., 2004; Biber, 2006). Results revealed that the corpus representing lower-division university textbooks employed more passive bundles, intangible framing bundles, and text deixis bundles. On the other hand, the corpus representing EAP reading textbooks contained more prepositional phrase bundles, anticipatory it bundles, and place bundles. A qualitative comparison also revealed that quantity bundles in the corpus representing lower-division university textbooks made reference to technical and academic calculations. These results show how the communicative purposes of EAP reading textbooks differ from introductory university textbooks, which can be used to inform EAP reading instruction.

TEM studies of tweed microstructures in annealed amelia albite

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1064-1065
Author(s):  
Y. J. Kim ◽  
D. M. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Annealing Time ◽  
The Other ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Systematic Trend ◽  
Tweed Structure

Natural Amelia albite (Ab99.3An0.1Or0.6) annealed at 1073° and 924°C for various periods up to 140 days has been studied by NMR. TEM studies of the same sample revealed a distinct tweed microstructure in some samples annealed at both 1073°C and 924°C. On the whole, the quasi-regular tweed has a periodicity of 100 - 200 Å in both directions, one nearly normal to b* and the other approximately parallel to b*, which gives rise to two-directional streaking in SADP’s (Fig. 1 and 2). However, there are some differences in the tweed structure developed on annealing at 1073°C and at 924°C in albite.Albite samples annealed at 1073° show a systematic trend in their development of tweed structures: the regularity, periodicity, and frequency of occurrence increase with annealing time during the first 3 days, and then decrease gradually until no tweed microstructures are seen in samples annealed for more than 15 days. The tweed structure proceeds locally to form one-directional twin-like microstructures.

Middle constructions in Romanian

2018 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 1154-1176
Author(s):  
Alice Bodoc ◽  
Mihaela Gheorghe
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Implicit Argument ◽  
Adverbial Modification ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Formal Properties ◽  
Middle Constructions ◽  
Heterogeneous Class

Abstract The present paper aims to present an inventory of Romanian middle contructions (se‑verbal constructions), and to extend the analysis to other structures (with or without se) that were not previously investigated, but exhibit the same characteristics, and seem to allow middle reading (adjunct middles). Since Jespersen (1927), middles were attested cross-linguistically, and the focus on middles is justified if we consider the fact that this is an interesting testing ground for theories of syntax, semantics and their interaction (Fagan 1992). Starting from Grahek’s definition (2008, 44), in this paper, middles are a heterogeneous class of constructions that share formal properties of both active and passive structures: on the one hand, they have active verb forms, but, on the other hand, like passives, they have understood subjects and normally display promoted objects. The corpus analysis will focus on the particular contexts in which the middle reading is triggered: i) the adverbial modification; ii) the modal/procedural interpretation of the event; iii) the responsibility of the subject; iv) the arbitrary interpretation of the implicit argument which follows from the generic interpretation (Steinbach 2002).

Does the presence of formulaic language help or hinder second language listeners’ lower-level processing?

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Yeldham
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Corpus Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Difficulty Level ◽  
Formulaic Language ◽  
Text Difficulty ◽  
Proficiency Level ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
L2 Listening ◽  
The One

This study examined the influence of formulaic language on second language (L2) listeners’ lower-level processing, in terms of their ability to accurately identify the words in texts. On the one hand, there were reasons for expecting the presence of the formulas to advantage the learners, because the learners would process these formulaic words more holistically than the surrounding non-formulaic words. On the other hand, though, because formulas are commonly uttered in more reduced fashion than their surrounding non-formulaic words – and L2 learners commonly face challenges understanding reduced speech – it was possible that the formulas would negatively impact the learners’ processing. The participants listened to four texts, which were paused intermittently for them to transcribe the final stretch of words they had heard prior to each pause. The researcher had previously categorized these words as being part of formulas or non-formulas through corpus analysis. By comparing the listeners’ identification of the formulaic and the non-formulaic language, the study found that formulaic language facilitated their lower-level listening. This degree of advantage, however, varied across text difficulty level and listener proficiency level. Based on the findings, implications for L2 listening instruction are discussed.

Numerical and Experimental Analysis of the Nonlinear Dynamics due to Impacts of a Continuous Overhung Rotor

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed F. Abdul Azeez ◽  
Alexander F. Vakakis
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Dynamics ◽  
Partial Differential Equations ◽  
Differential Equations ◽  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
The Other ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Partial Differential ◽  
Qualitative Comparison ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Theory And Experiments

Abstract This work is aimed at obtaining the transient response of an overhung rotor when there are impacts occurring in the system. An overhung rotor clamped on one end, with a flywheel on the other and impacts occurring in between, due to a bearing with clearance, is considered. The system is modeled as a continuous rotor system and the governing partial differential equations are set up and solved. The method of assumed modes is used to discretize the system in order to solve the partial differential equations. Using this method numerical experiments are run and a few of the results are presented. The different numerical issues involved are also discussed. An experimental setup was built to run experiments and validate the results. Preliminary experimental observations are presented to show qualitative comparison of theory and experiments.

ANÀLISI CONTRASTIVA INTERDIALECTAL DE LA FRASEOLOGIA: EL CAS DE DÉU-N’HI-DO, AUSA(D)ES/A GOSA(D)ES I ESPAIET

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-175
Author(s):  
Pelegrí Sancho Cremades
Keyword(s):  
Basic Function ◽  
Prepositional Phrase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Syntactic Behavior ◽  
Syntactic Differences

Déu-n’hi-do, ausa(d)es/a gosa(d)es, and espaiet are improper interjections, resulting from the grammaticalization of a sentence (déu-n’hi-do), a prepositional phrase (ausa[d]es), and the diminutive form of an adverb (espaiet), respectively. From a pragmatic perspective, the basic function of these interjections is that of emphasis or intensification. Déu-n’hi-do, ausa(d)es/a gosa(d)es, and espaiet are not entirely equivalent, because they have followed different paths to grammaticalization. When used for emphasis, Déu-n’hi-do, ausa(d)es/a gosa(d)es, and espaiet do not differ substantially at the semantic or pragmatic level. On the other hand, they do present marked syntactic differences: Déu-n’hi-do is used only with emphatic quantitative constructions (such as Déu-n’hi-do, quin concert més divertit!), while ausades may be classified with these constructions (Ausades quin concert més divertit!) or may also take as complement a clause introduced by unstressed que (Ausades que va ser divertit el concert). The syntactic behavior of espaiet is parallel to that of Déu-n’hi-do. Used alone, ausades permits above all the contextual interpretation of the manifestation of the emphasized agreement, while déu-n’hi-do and espaiet admit the interpretation of a much greater variety of subjective attitudes on the part of the speaker, according to context and intonation.

scholarly journals The role of the observed tropical convection in the generation of frost events in the southern cone of South America

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1379-1390 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. V. Müller ◽  
T. Ambrizzi ◽  
S. E. Ferraz
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rossby Waves ◽  
Tropical Convection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Linear Wave ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
The South ◽  
Cold Events ◽  
Extreme Cold

Abstract. Based on previous results obtained from observations and linear wave theory analysis, the hypothesis that large-scale patterns can generate extreme cold events in southeast South America through the propagation of remotely excited Rossby waves was already suggested. This work will confirm these findings and extend their analysis through a series of numerical experiments using a primitive equation model where waves are excited by a thermal forcing situated in positions chosen according to observed convection anomalies over the equatorial region. The basic state used for these experiments is a composite of austral winters with maximum and minimum frequency of occurrence of generalized frosts that can affect a large area known as the Wet Pampas located in the central and eastern part of Argentina. The results suggest that stationary Rossby waves may be one important mechanism linking anomalous tropical convection with the extreme cold events in the Wet Pampas. The combination of tropical convection and a specific basic state can generate the right environment to guide the Rossby waves trigged by the tropical forcing towards South America. Depending on the phase of the waves entering the South American continent, they can favour the advection of anomalous wind at low levels from the south carrying cold and dry air over the whole southern extreme of the continent, producing a generalized frost in the Wet Pampa region. On the other hand, when a basic state based on the composites of minimum frosts is used, an anomalous anticyclone over the southern part of the continent generates a circulation with a south-southeast wind which brings maritime air and therefore humidity over the Wet Pampas region, creating negative temperature anomalies only over the northeastern part of the region. Under these conditions even if frosts occur they would not be generalized, as observed for the other basic state with maximum frequency of occurrence of generalized frosts.

Towards a Methodology for Exploiting Specialized Target Language Corpora as Translation Resources

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne Bowker
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Valuable Resource ◽  
Analysis Tools

Specialized target language (TL) corpora constitute an extremely valuable resource for translators, and although no specialized tools have been developed for extracting translation data from such corpora, this paper argues that translators would be remiss not to consult such resources. We describe the advantages of using specialized TL corpora and outline a number of techniques that translators can use in order to extract translation data from such corpora with the aid of generic corpus analysis tools. These advantages and techniques are demonstrated with reference to two translations, one of which was done using only conventional resources and the other with the help of a corpus.

Corpus-based research and pedagogy in EAP: From lexis to genre

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne Flowerdew
Keyword(s):  
Structure Analysis ◽  
English For Academic Purposes ◽  
Corpus Analysis ◽  
Academic English ◽  
Written Discourse ◽  
Lexical Bundles ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
Lexical Approach

This plenary paper showcases current corpus-based research on written academic English, illustrating the tight links that exist between corpus research and pedagogic applications. I first explicate Sinclair's concept of the ‘lexical approach’, which underpins much corpus research and pedagogy. I then discuss studies which focus on individual lexical items, phraseology (including lexical bundles) and rhetorical functions. Finally, I examine studies that combine Swalesian move structure analysis with corpus analysis. Throughout the paper, I highlight the importance attached to lexis in both corpus research and pedagogic applications of corpus findings in the realm of written discourse in English for Academic Purposes (EAP), covering both general and more specific purposes.

Nest density and other observations on a population of Aneuretus simoni Emery, 1893 (Formicidae, Aneuretinae) and other ants in Indikada Mukalana Forest Reserve in Sri Lanka

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratnayake K. S. Dias ◽  
Warnakulasuriyage S. Udayakantha
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Current Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nest Density ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Species Frequency ◽  
Nest Abundance

The Sri Lankan Relict Ant, Aneuretus simoni Emery, survives in several wet zone and intermediate zone forests in Sri Lanka. Nests of this species and other ants were surveyed at 159 m and 291 m elevations in Indikada Mukalana Forest Reserve by laying 20 quadrats of 1 m × 1 m at two plots of each locality in December, 2015. The number of ant nests within each quadrat was recorded; then the frequency of nest occurrence out of 40 quadrats, percentage nest abundance and mean nest density of A. simoni, as well as associated ant fauna were calculated. Percentage frequency of worker ant occurrence was also investigated using pitfall traps. Eighteen genera and 21 species in Aneuretinae, Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, Myrmicinae and Ponerinae were recorded from the two methods. Nests of A. simoni were found only in the locality at 291 m altitude in the forest; 17.5 % of quadrats with an A. simoni colonies, 9.7% of nest abundance in relation to that of other ant species and 0.18 m2 ofmean nest density were observed. Nest density of A. simoni had the fourth rank among that of the other species. Frequency of occurrence of A. simoni workers in the pitfall traps at lower and upper elevations was 2% and 3%, respectively. An actualized map showing the current distribution of A. simoni is produced.

scholarly journals English supplementive ing-clauses and their German and Swedish correspondences

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Ström-Herold ◽  
Magnus Levin
Keyword(s):  
Prepositional Phrase ◽  
Main Clause ◽  
The Other ◽  
Non Fiction

This paper investigates English supplementive ing-clauses (e.g., Hitler exploded, demanding examples.) in German and Swedish contrast. The material consists of popular non-fiction originals and their translations from the Linnaeus University English-German-Swedish corpus (LEGS) (version 0.1). The results show that coordination is the most frequent correspondence of supplementive ing-clauses in German and Swedish translations and originals. Like the supplementive ing-clause, a coordination is a compressed and semantically indeterminate structure. The other major correspondences include subordination, main clause and prepositional phrase. German translators more often use main clauses than Swedish translators, which seems to be related to an increasing German tendency for parataxis rather than hypotaxis. A number of German and Swedish instances involve different kinds of explicitation, including conjunctions and German pronominal adverbs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document