‘It is a truth universally acknowledged’…, you know?

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Romero-Trillo
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Adaptive Management ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Prosodic Features ◽  
Pragmatic Markers ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Meaning Theory ◽  
Structural Perspective

This article describes the prosodic features of the most frequent pragmatic markers in English conversations that contribute to the management of context in interaction. Often, turn-taking has been analyzed either from a structural perspective, in which the participants are treated as subjects that pursue rules, accommodating to pre-established patterns, or (more recently) from a pragmatic perspective with a focus on the intentionality of the speaker in the use of pragmatic markers. It is my contention in this article that pragmatic markers are ancillary to context within the Dynamic Model of Meaning theory, and that prosody plays an essential role in adaptive management as the fourth element of context.

scholarly journals Examination of ‘Pause’ in Pinter's The Homecoming and Baker's Circle Mirror Transformation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 254-269
Author(s):  
Nawal Abass ◽  
Rua'a Tariq Jawad ◽  
Maysoon Taher Muhi
Keyword(s):  
Literary Texts ◽  
Great Care ◽  
Pragmatic Markers ◽  
A Value ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Language Communication ◽  
Do So ◽  
Production Approach

Pauses as pragmatic markers are considered important devices that help readers to gain a better and deeper understanding of certain texts as well as speech, promoting effectively language communication. They can help both the speaker and the hearer, due to the functions they have in a text. Their occurrence in speech has a value that they make it more understandable. In this regard, the present study aims to examine the forms and functions of pauses in literary texts, more specifically, in selected extracts from two dramas, namely, Pinter's The Homecoming and Baker's Circle Mirror Transformation and to compare how the two writers use pauses in these two dramas. To do so, the sequential production approach of turn-taking by Sacks, Schegloff and Jefferson (1974), in combination with the contributions of some scholars who state the multifunctional use of pauses, has been used. The findings of the present study show that pauses do not exist arbitrarily in speech, but they are found to serve certain functions depending on the context in which they occur. Pauses, whether silent or filled have certain references. They are not merely meaningless. Pauses can express what is going on inside the characters without even saying a word. Regarding the selected extract from each play, it is noticed from the comparison that the two writers employ pauses frequently. Pauses are used by the two writers to be informative and that is why they should be studied with great care as they affect the interpretation of a certain text and consequently affect understanding

Responses within activities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Marmorstein ◽  
Nadav Matalon
Keyword(s):  
Prosodic Features ◽  
Egyptian Arabic ◽  
Turn Taking

Abstract Large conversational activities (e.g., storytelling) necessitate a suspension of ordinary turn-taking rules. In the resulting constellation of main speaker and recipient, minimal displays of cooperative recipiency become relevant at particular junctures. We investigate this mechanism by focusing on the Egyptian Arabic particle ʔāh ‘yeah’ when thus used. We observe that tokens of ʔāh are mobilized by main speakers via the opening of prosodic slots at local pragmatic completion points. The prosodic design of the particle at these points is sensitive to prior talk and displays recipients’ alignment at the structural, action-sequential, and relational levels. This is done through variation of three prosodic features, namely, rhythm-based timing, pitch configuration, and prominence. The measure of alignment proposed by ʔāh is implicative for the continuation of the turn. While smooth progression suggests that ʔāh is understood to be sufficiently fitted and aligned, expansions are traceable to a departure from the terms set by prior talk, which can be heard to indicate lesser alignment. We propose to view ʔāh response tokens as a subset of positionally sensitive responses to part-of-activity actions that are crucial for the co-accomplishment of a large activity.

scholarly journals Intelligent soft package for modeling optimization processes for managing the activities of the Bank's retail unit

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (93) ◽  
pp. 38-56
Author(s):  
Andrey F. Shorikov ◽  
◽  
Anna S. Filippova ◽  
Vladimir A. Tulukin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Adaptive Management ◽  
Commercial Bank ◽  
Software Package ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Managerial Decision ◽  
Software Complex ◽  
Intelligent Computer

Currently, one of the main directions in the field of banking process automation is the creation and implementation of integrated management decision support systems. In the context of growing competition and general digitalization of the economy, the issue of improving the efficiency of bank management is most acute. Most of the automated systems used in this area are aimed at identifying "gaps" in existing business processes and further optimizing their individual parts. Moreover, such systems are not based on economic and mathematical models and algorithms for their solution. This article presents a description of an intelligent computer software package that allows you to simulate the optimization of software and adaptive management of specific business processes - managing the number of personnel and the sales system of the retail block of a commercial bank. The basis of the developed software package is a discrete dynamic economic and mathematical model of the investigated business processes and the developed optimization algorithms for software and adaptive control of these processes. The process of making decisions on the recruitment/reduction of the staff of various categories of employees of the Retail block of a commercial bank, as well as on the management of the sales system provided by the relevant employees. The paper presents the main stages of creating the proposed controlled dynamic model with a vector quality criterion. Based on computer modeling with the help of the developed intelligent computer software complex, the results of optimal solutions for various options for practical examples were obtained. The results are graphically illustrated and analyzed. Based on the proposed dynamic model, it is possible to solve other problems of optimizing software and adaptive management of processes that determine banking activities and develop automated information systems for implementing support for managerial decision-making in this area.

Adaptive Context: The Fourth Element of Meaning

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Maguire ◽  
Jesús Romero-Trillo
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Adaptive Management ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Context Free

AbstractThe present article explores the notion of communication from the point of view of the traditions that have considered context as the essential element for the optimal understanding of a message. The article describes the historical evolution of context with special emphasis on the discussion between context-free and context-bound descriptions of interaction, and chooses the Dynamic Model of Meaning as the unifier of these diverging traditions through theoretical synergy. Our approach describes a further step in the understanding of context by incorporating a fourth element in context, i.e., Adaptive Context, that we deem essential to understand cognitive dynamism. In this article we describe the role of Adaptive Management and show how this fourth element of context is basic to describe cognition in communication and to create social rapport.

scholarly journals PROSODIC CONVERGENCE AS A RESULT OF SPEAKERS’ INTERACTION IN SPONTANEOUS DIALOGUE

2019 ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
Anastasia V. Gorbyleva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Prosodic Features ◽  
Terminal Part ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Female Speaker ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Syllable Duration ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Male Speaker ◽  
Research Show

In conversation, speakers become more alike in various dimensions. This phenomenon, commonly called convergence, or entrainment, is widely believed to be crucial to the success and naturalness of human interactions. We investigate three aspects of convergence in prosodic dimensions: automatic entrainment, turn-taking and role relations between speakers. We explore whether speakers coordinate with each other in these dimensions over the conversation globally as well as locally, on a turn-taking basis. The results of the research show that the female speaker had a leading part in the course of the conversation, while the male speaker was a follower. Some prosodic characteristics, such as pitch and syllable duration at the end of the turn, show either individuals' identity in contrast to that of another individual or similar strategies of accommodation. Conversely, the male speaker applied more convergence strategies in the terminal part of the conversation within such prosodic features as mean intensity and duration of pauses marking the transition to a new speaker.

scholarly journals Do you "(Mis)Understand" What I Mean? : Pragmatic Strategies to Avoid Cognitive Maladjustment

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Romero Trillo ◽  
Elizabeth Lenn
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Management ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Pragmatic Markers ◽  
Linguistic Strategies ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Native Speakers Of English ◽  
Pragmatic Strategies

This article studies misunderstanding as a key factor in identifying the psychological basis of interactional cognitive maladjustment. The study focuses on the linguistic strategies to avoid pragmatic misunderstanding employed in conversations in Spanish and English and between native and non-native speakers of English. In particular, we analyze the use of pragmatic markers as adaptive management to avoid misunderstanding in conversation. Through the classification of pragmatic markers as rhetorical or overt, we study the distribution and use of each type of pragmatic marker and the implementation of pragmatic markers, with the lexical and intonational implications in cross-linguistic conversation for the adaptive Management of misunderstanding.

scholarly journals TURN-TAKING STRATEGIES USED IN A NEW ZEALAND RADIO INTERVIEW PROGRAMME AND PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATIONS IN LANGUAGE CLASSROOMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cao Thi Hong Phuong ◽  
Pham Xuan Tho
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
English Language ◽  
Research Question ◽  
English Language Teaching ◽  
Prosodic Features ◽  
Documentary Method ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Language Classrooms ◽  
Radio Programme

The present paper analyses conversational strategies employed by the interviewer on a New Zealand radio programme from conversation analysis (CA) perspective. This study employs a documentary method of interpretation in order to seek answer(s) to the research question. Specifically, Sacks, Schegloff and Jefferson’s (1974) model of conversation analysis was adopted to explore turn-taking strategies used in the interview. The analysis reveals that the interviewer employed a variety of turn-taking strategies such as signaling the end of turn, holding a turn, asking a question, self-selection and “prosodic features” (ibid.) to achieve the purpose of the interview. The findings of this study suggest several potential CA-informed pedagogical implications for English language teaching classroom.

Investigation of the relationship between turn-taking and prosodic features in spontaneous dialogue

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoko Ohsuga ◽  
Masafumi Nishida ◽  
Yasuo Horiuchi ◽  
Akira Ichikawa
Keyword(s):  
Prosodic Features ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
The Relationship

Prosodic modeling and position analysis of pragmatic markers in English conversation

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Romero-Trillo
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Position Analysis ◽  
Pragmatic Markers ◽  
Corpus Data

AbstractThe objective of this article is to investigate the use of three of the most frequent pragmatic markers in English conversation in the London-Lund Corpus, i.e. “well”, “you know” and “I mean”. Specifically, the aim is to study the characteristics of the prosodic patterns and the Tone Unit position in the realization of pragmatic functions by the markers. The article combines the thorough analysis of the corpus data with the description of the function of these elements in the realization of Adaptive Context within the Dynamic Model of Meaning approach to pragmatics and communication.

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