Premonitory urges and Touretting volcanoes

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Vector Model ◽  
Semantic Model ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Language And Cognition ◽  
Motor Tics

Abstract Causative meaning including, but not limited to, causation, prevention, and enabling is realized in language use through force construal. Force is explored in this article through consideration of narratives on Tourette Syndrome, a disorder that is largely characterized by its constitutive actions (vocal and motor tics). To account for force construal, the article proposes a merger of a vector model for the description of force in language and cognition and a lexical semantic model of ontologies and construals. Force is accounted for in terms of a number of configurations (cause, enable, prevent, withstand, and despite) that are realized through construal operations. This merger of explanatory models allows nuanced and flexible description of forceful meaning in actual language use.

scholarly journals The role of the cingulate cortex in the generation of motor tics and the experience of the premonitory urge‐to‐tic in Tourette syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Jackson ◽  
Hilmar P. Sigurdsson ◽  
Katherine Dyke ◽  
Maria Condon ◽  
Georgina M. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Motor Tics ◽  
Premonitory Urge

scholarly journals Complex phonic tic and disinhibition in Tourette syndrome: case report

2001 ◽  
Vol 59 (3A) ◽  
pp. 587-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Débora Palmini Maia ◽  
Francisco Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Limbic Cortex ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Abnormalities ◽  
Motor Tics

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by a combination of multiple motor tics and at least one phonic tic. TS patients often have associated behavioral abnormalities such as obsessive compulsive disorder, attention deficit and hyperactive disorder. Coprolalia, defined as emission of obscenities or swearing, is one type of complex vocal tic, present in 8% to 26% of patients. The pathophysiology of coprolalia and other complex phonic tics remains ill-defined. We report a patient whose complex phonic tic was characterized by repetitively saying "breast cancer" on seeing the son of aunt who suffered from this condition. The patient was unable to suppress the tic and did not meet criteria for obsessive compulsive disorder. The phenomenology herein described supports the theory that complex phonic tics result from disinhibition of the loop connecting the basal ganglia with the limbic cortex.

scholarly journals Lexical-semantic classification of euphemisms of the feminine gender in the Uzbek language

Academia Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulnamova Shakhnoza Kakhramonovna ◽  
B. Mengliyev
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Female Sexuality ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Semantic Classification ◽  
Feminine Gender ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
The Feminine

The two sexes - men and women - are not only biologically diverse, but also have their differences in language use. This article presents a lexical-semantic classification of euphemisms of female sexuality in Uzbek, and analyzes each of the euphemic agents in each group.

scholarly journals Principal components analysis of a large cohort with Tourette syndrome

2008 ◽  
Vol 193 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary M. Robertson ◽  
Robert R. Althoff ◽  
Adam Hafez ◽  
David L. Pauls
Keyword(s):  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Factor Scores ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Complex Motor ◽  
Unitary Condition ◽  
Motor Tics

BackgroundTourette syndrome is a heterogeneous familial disorder for which the genetic mechanisms are unknown. A better characterisation of the phenotype may help identify susceptibility genesAimsTo extend previous factor-analytic studies of the syndromeMethodSymptom data from 410 people with Tourette syndrome were included in agglomerative hierarchical cluster and principal components analysesResultsFive factors were observed, characterised by: (1) socially inappropriate behaviours and other complex vocal tics; (2) complex motor tics; (3) simple tics; (4) compulsive behaviours; and (5) touching self. Individuals with co-occurring attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder had significantly higher factor scores on Factors 1 and 3, whereas individuals with co-occurring obsessive-compulsive disorder and behaviours had significantly higher factor scores for Factors 1–4ConclusionsThese findings add to the growing body of evidence that Tourette syndrome is not a unitary condition and can be disaggregated into more homogeneous symptom components

scholarly journals Reduced GABAergic inhibition and abnormal sensory symptoms in children with Tourette syndrome

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 808-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolaas A. J. Puts ◽  
Ashley D. Harris ◽  
Deana Crocetti ◽  
Carrie Nettles ◽  
Harvey S. Singer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Discrimination Performance ◽  
Frequency Discrimination ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Gaba Concentration ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Impaired Performance ◽  
Motor Tics

Tourette Syndrome (TS) is characterized by the presence of chronic tics. Individuals with TS often report difficulty with ignoring (habituating to) tactile sensations, and some patients perceive that this contributes to a “premonitory urge” to tic. While common, the physiological basis of impaired tactile processing in TS, and indeed tics themselves, remain poorly understood. It has been well established that GABAergic processing plays an important role in shaping the neurophysiological response to tactile stimulation. Furthermore, there are multiple lines of evidence suggesting that a deficit in GABAergic transmission may contribute to symptoms found in TS. In this study, GABA-edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was combined with a battery of vibrotactile tasks to investigate the role of GABA and atypical sensory processing in children with TS. Our results show reduced primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1) GABA concentration in children with TS compared with healthy control subjects (HC), as well as patterns of impaired performance on tactile detection and adaptation tasks, consistent with altered GABAergic function. Moreover, in children with TS SM1 GABA concentration correlated with motor tic severity, linking the core feature of TS directly to in vivo brain neurochemistry. There was an absence of the typical correlation between GABA and frequency discrimination performance in TS as was seen in HC. These data show that reduced GABA concentration in TS may contribute to both motor tics and sensory impairments in children with TS. Understanding the mechanisms of altered sensory processing in TS may provide a foundation for novel interventions to alleviate these symptoms.

scholarly journals APPLICABILITY OF THE THESAURUS APPROACH TO MODELLING THE LEXICALSEMANTIC STRUCTURE OF A TERMINOLOGICAL FIELD

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (78) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
A.P. Zhuravlev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Automatic Processing ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Semantic Model ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Text Information ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
Current Stage ◽  
The Way

This article is the first part of the research focused on the applicability of the thesaurus approach as one of the instruments for building a lexical-semantic model of terminological fields belonging to various subject areas. Among other issues the article points out that the way of researching linguistic facts has changed from their analysis and description to modelling. After reviewing a number of scientific works by various linguists, the author proves the applicability of the thesaurus approach to a corpus of scientific lexis for its proper description, particularly for revealing the most characteristic types of semantic relations for every given terminological field. The applicability of the thesaurus approach is also proved in terms of the current stage of IT development. From this prospective, the potential of the thesaurus approach is determined in terms of analysis and structuring large amounts of text information for further automatic processing. With all this being said, the author, however, draws the conclusion that the complete formalization of a natural language lexis is essentially impossible.

Collocation and word association

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beom-mo Kang
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Word Association ◽  
Semantic Knowledge ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
T Score ◽  
Log Likelihood ◽  
Knowledge Usage ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This paper studies the relationship between grammar and language use by comparing word association and collocation. Since word association reveals mental semantic knowledge, usage-based approaches expect word association to mirror the relation between words in use, namely collocation. The paragraph is a more apt unit for collocation than the sentence in mirroring word association. Among measures of collocation, (simple) log likelihood and t-score turn out to be more consistent with association, with log likelihood leading by a small margin over MI or MI3. Overall, word association and collocation are quite close, but not perfectly close because of differences in relevant resources and the characteristics of lexical/semantic relations.

scholarly journals THESAURUS APPROACH AS THE INSTRUMENT FOR MODELLING LEXICAL-SEMANTIC STRUCTURE OF A TERMINOLOGICAL FIELD

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (80) ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
A.P. Zhuravlev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Semantic Model ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
Basic Features

This article is the second part of the research focused on the applicability of the thesaurus approach as one of the instruments for building a lexical-semantic model of terminological fields belonging to various subject areas. Among other issues the author of the article analyses and compares a number of definitions of thesaurus found in scientific works provided by various linguists. On the basis of the analyses performed the author lays down some basic features of the thesaurus approach. Also, the issue of applicability of the thesaurus approach to lexical-semantic groups of various volume and formality degree is discussed. In addition to this, the author pays attention to analyses of some types of semantic relations between lexical units that form a terminological field.

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