Le que médiatif du français contemporain

Revue Romane ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Anscombre
Keyword(s):  
17Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Specific Function ◽  
Relative Pronoun ◽  
Full List ◽  
Other Hand

Résumé The French construction heureusement que shows a que that has been recently analyzed as a very specific relative pronoun, an evidential que, which introduces a proposition considered as having been previously uttered. On the other hand, the pronoun qui – apart from its common use as an anaphoric relative – had a specific function until the end of the 17th century: it could be used with no antecedent, and with an indefinite and suppositive value meaning ‘if one’. The first part of this study draws up a full list of both constructions in French. The second part of the study is mainly diachronic, and explores the origins of these two pronouns in classical Latin, as well as their evolution through Romance languages, namely French, Italian and Spanish.

Official Ceremonies Aesthetics in Moscow Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Galina V. Talina
Keyword(s):  
17Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Royal Court ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Concept Of Beauty ◽  
The Trinity

On the basis of the 17th century documents the author of the article reveals th concept of “beauty” through the prism of the ideas shaped in Moscow Russia on the whole and in the period of the reign of the first Romanovs, in particular. The concepts of “measure” and “order” characterized the beautiful, on the one hand, and on the other hand, – the necessity to build any action in compliance with the previously formulated sample objectified in the text. The most vivid manifestations of those instructions were the official ceremonies of Moscow royal court, among which especially stood out such ceremonies as coronation, announcement to the subjects of the heir to the throne, cross processions. Special attention in the article is paid to the innovations to the ceremonial sphere, the author shows the continuity in ceremony organization with enough creative freedom for the organizers. Moscow ceremony is shown as the trinity of action, word and symbolism.

A Medieval Open Work

POETICA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 228-265
Author(s):  
Rafael Simian
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Specific Function ◽  
Umberto Eco ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Open Work ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
A Minor

Abstract Guigo II is commonly known and praised among specialists of Western mysticism for his Scala claustralium, a work that presents a spiritual program for cloistered monks. His Meditations, on the other hand, have usually been relegated to the margin of attention. The First Meditation, in particular, is generally regarded as a minor piece. The paper argues, however, that a new approach can make better sense of the First Meditation, while also enabling us to recognize its specific function and value. Seen from this new perspective, Guigo’s purpose with the text is to train and exercise his readers’ minds according to the spiritual program laid out in the Scala. The paper shows that the First Meditation realizes that goal, surprisingly, by having the same essential features that Umberto Eco found in the ‘open works’ of the Western avant-garde.

Von der Liebestragödie zur Tragödie der Liebe: Jean Racines Phèdre

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-210
Author(s):  
Jörn Steigerwald
Keyword(s):  
17Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

From Love Tragedy to the Tragedy of Love: Jean Racine’s Phèdre The article focuses on Jean Racine’s last secular tragedy Phèdre and argues that the drama is based, on the one hand, on the French concept of love tragedy, established in the 1630s and reconfigured in the 1650s as a gallant tragedy. On the other hand, Racine radicalises this dramatic concept and fulfils it by combining different models of this dramatic concept in one tragedy. Instead of a modern gallant love tragedy, like Nicolas Pradon’s Phèdre et Hippolyte, Racine stages a tragedy of love that ends with the decline of two (royal) families, produced by the revenge of the goddess of love, Venus. According to this, Phèdre is not an exemplary tragedy of French classicism but rather a radical endpoint of French tragedy in the 17th century.

Grammaticalization of the Lithuanian comparative -jau(s)

2018 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-292
Author(s):  
Norbert Ostrowski
Keyword(s):  
17Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
1 Corinthians ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Focus Particle ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Comparative Constructions

Abstract When analysing Old Lithuanian texts from the 16th and the first half of the 17th century, one can notice that comparatives with the -jaussuffix tend to appear in comparative constructions with connectives containing negation, e.g. Bet eschdaugiaus dirbau / neig kursai isch yũ‘but I laboured more abundantly than they all’ (VEE 102: 16-17; 1 Corinthians 15: 10). This is the “particle comparative” in Stassen’s terms (1985; 2001). On the other hand, authors avoided comparatives with the -jaus suffix in other types of comparative constructions (with the preposition užand the genitive). Philological and etymological analysis of neg(i)and nei(gi)‘than’ shows that these connectives developed out of former sentence negations. This sheds some light on the syntactic environment in which the grammaticalization of the comparative suffix -jausoccurred. The Lithuanian comparative suffix -jaũ (OLith. -jau-s, e.g. geriaus‘better’) goes back to the postposed focus particle -jaũ, which functions as a marker of emphatic assertion of identity (König 1991). The primary contrastive function of the ‑jau-ssuffix can be compared to Ancient Greek -τερος (Sanskrit -taraḥ) in such usages as δεξίτερος ‘right(-hand)’. The grammaticalization of the focus marker jau(s)has occurred in sentences consisting of juxtaposed and contrasted clauses - the “conjoined comparative” in Stassen’s terms (1985: 38, 44), and in these sentences, -jausfilled the role of pragmatic marker and focalizer, emphasizing one of two compared, oppositional items.

Ein guter Hirte und Bürokrat oder: Was macht einen kompetenten Bischof aus?

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-294
Author(s):  
Andreea Badea
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Administrative Reform ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Elite Recruitment

A Good Shepherd and Bureaucrat or: What Makes a Good Bishop? Elite Recruitment as the Purpose of Roman Administrative Reform in the Late 17th Century Religious reforms characterized the Italian episcopacy during the 18th century. This article aims to show that these reforms were not so much driven by ideational issues but were the result of a lasting administrative reform. In 1676, Innocent XI had started a comprehensive process of bureaucratisation in the Roman Curia with the help of his auditor Giovanni Battista de Luca. Within this larger process, the pope appointed de Luca secretary of a new congregation that was supposed to select the most suitable candidates for Italian episcopal sees. Although this congregation was entitled to make decisions only in a few minor cases (since, in most Italian territories, the pope did not choose the new bishops) and although it worked only for about four years, it achieved long-term success. On the one hand, de Luca developed procedures that provided a permanent boost to the bureaucratisation process; on the other hand, he presented this new policy to a broad readership through his books. However, he did not describe his reforms as innovations but as a reconfiguration of the bureaucratic status quo in the Curia.

Using English as a gateway to Romance language acquisition

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Jana Beresova
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
English Learning ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Romance Language ◽  
Other Hand

The paper focuses on Romance language acquisition through English acquired as the first foreign language. A conscious approach to relations between languages enables learners, who acquired certain knowledge, attitudes and skills while learning one language, to learn other languages more easily. Research is based on contrastive analysis of two Romance languages – French and Spanish – and their relations to English. Learning those two Romance languages was carried out through the knowledge of some principles of how languages function and are related to each other. The analysis of vocabulary and grammar focuses on similarities between the three mentioned languages, emphasising the level of intensity in similarity on one hand, and possible problems related to spelling, pronunciation and meaning on the other hand. The research supports the idea of language plurality in education, and the necessity to help learners construct and continuously broaden and deepen their own plurilingual competence. Keywords: pluringuialism; multilingualism; FREPA; contrastive analysis; 

scholarly journals Thoughts on the Names of the Thirty(-six) Rime Table Initials

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-143
Author(s):  
W. South Coblin
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Historical Phonology ◽  
Full List ◽  
Other Hand

Closely associated with the Chinese rime table (Chin. děngyùntú 等韻圖) tradition is an ordered list of syllables, referred to in Chinese as the Sānshíliù zìmŭ 三十六字母. As this term indicates, there are thirty-six members in the usually cited full list. A shorter version, found in the so-called Shǒuwēn 守溫 Fragments from Dunhuang, has only thirty members (cf. Coblin 2006a). In addition to the copies of the list incorporated into the various tables themselves, several “disembodied” lists, perhaps copybook exercises of some sort, have also been found in the broader corpus of Chinese Dunhuang texts (Coblin 2006b: 146). The syllable initial classes for which the characters in the rime tables serve as names are basic componential elements in the field of traditional Chinese historical phonology and as such have been subject to intense scrutiny for nearly 1000 years. On the other hand, the actual names themselves have attracted little attention. It has been noted that each naming syllable denoted by the characters in the list embodies the particular medieval syllable initial of the sound class for which it stands in the tables. But beyond this the question of how these particular syllables, rather than all other available ones, were selected, seems to have aroused scant interest among philologists and sinolinguists. It is, accordingly, this question that will be the topic of the present paper.

scholarly journals Universal orders in collections of 16th and 17th century Italy

1970 ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Anne Aurasmaa
Keyword(s):  
17Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Surrounding World ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Ideal

Anne Aurasmaa’s article will discuss beauty, harmony and order as expressions of a belief in a living universe and in the connection between the material and the spiritual. This is approached through an examination of 16th and 17th century Italian collections, with help of Marsilio Ficino’s Book of Life. According to Aurasmaa’s interpretation, the sensuous pleasure derived from the study of objects was believed to be a way to relate to, and be in contact with the surrounding world and the heavenly spheres. The symmetrical arrangements of the collections, on the other hand, were visualizations of a belief in the harmonious nature of the ideal universe. The article discusses how principles of universality were represented, how the collecting and organization of things were spiritualized, and, as a consequence, how collecting practices came to be approved by society. 

scholarly journals Traktaty o czterech ostatecznych rzeczach człowieka w literaturze czeskiej XVI i XVII wieku. Zarys problematyki

2019 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 243-254
Author(s):  
Klaudia Koczur-Lejk
Keyword(s):  
Good Life ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Good Death ◽  
Protestant Reformation ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Ars Moriendi ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Art Of Dying

Treatises on four ultimate truths about the human condition in 16th and 17th century Czech literature an outline of issuesCzech literature of the 16th and 17th century was for readers of that time an important source of admonishment concerning death and afterlife. Manuals about the art of dying — ars moriendi books — provided ample advice on how to die a “good death”. Besides that, their authors focused also on other issues of ultimate importance for human beings, i.e. death, God’s judgment, heaven and hell. The aim of the treatises was to make readers lead a good life through constant pondering over death and the uncertainty of the soul’s fate in the afterlife. Descriptions of various tortures suffered by the damned in hell were meant to frighten sinners, make them repent and change their lives. Descriptions of heaven, on the other hand, were supposed to lure people into doing good. According to the Catholic dogma, after death, the soul can go to heaven, hell or purgatory. The Protestant Reformation rejected purgatory as wishful human fiction, and returned to a traditional dualistic view of the afterlife.  Traktáty o čtyřech posledních věcech člověka v české literatuře 16. a 17. století náčrt problematikyČeská náboženská vzdělávací literatura 16. a 17. století představovala pro čtenáře důležitý zdroj poučení o smrti a posmrtném životě. Příručky šťastného umírání — knihy ars moriendi přinášely rady, jak má dobrá smrt vypadat. Kromě této problematiky se autoři zabývali tématy souvisejícími s posledními věcmi člověka, to je smrtí, božím soudem, peklem a nebem. Cílem traktátů bylo přimět čtenaře k dobrému životu prostřednictvím myšlenky na smrt a nejistý posmrtný osud duše. Líčení pekelných trestů mělo vyvolat u hříšníků hrůzu, přimět je, aby změnili své chování a nastoupili cestu pokání. Popisy ráje měly lákat a přitahovat. Podle katolíků duše po smrti mohla jít do nebe, pekla nebo ji čekal očistěc, kde měla smýt hříchy a poté vstoupit na nebesa. Reformace odmítla učení o očistci, a proto na něm protestanští autoři zdůrazňovali lidský výmysl.

scholarly journals Vartovbogen 1985

1986 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-95
Author(s):  
Viggo Mortensen
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personal Interest ◽  
Narrative History ◽  
Strong Interest ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Individual

The Vartov Book 1985. Kirkeligt Samfunds Forlag, Copenhagen 1985.Reviewed by Viggo MortensenTwo features of this edition are given prominence in the review: the strong interest in narrative history, and in Grundtvig’s revisions of Kingo’s hymns from the 17th century. Alongside recollections of a German POW camp mention is made of a new version of Princess Leonora Christina’s “Memories of Woe” from the 17th century. Without a historical context modern man finds himself in a large, empty room. On the other hand Professor Svend Holm-Nielsen’s retelling of the patriarch, Jacob’s, story shows that the historicalcritical angle, far from destroying the story, actually enhances it. The article on Grundtvig and Kingo makes it clear that Grundtvig’s deep desire to renew the hymns for singing overrode any regard for the individual poet’s personal interest or copyright. “It is not an unreserved pleasure to be near Grundtvig, when he is passionate, ” says Rev. Jens Lyster.

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