Regularity and variation in Japanese recipes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-71
Author(s):  
Michiko Kaneyasu ◽  
Minako Kuhara
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Register Variation ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Situational Characteristics ◽  
Single Feature ◽  
Linguistic Patterns ◽  
The Common ◽  
Central Purpose

Abstract This paper investigates the similarities and differences between three sub-registers of Japanese recipe texts: cookbook recipes, online commercial recipes written/edited by professionals, and online user-generated recipes. Past studies on Japanese recipes do not distinguish different sub-registers, and they tend to focus on a single feature. The present study of the sub-registers examines a group of frequently appearing linguistic features and uncovers functional links between observed features and situational characteristics. The comparative perspective contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of Japanese recipe language as well as universal and language-specific aspects of register variation. Shared traits among the three sub-registers are tied to the common topic of cooking and the central purpose of providing easy-to-follow food preparation instructions. Varied linguistic and textual features are motivated by different production circumstances, mediums, and relations among the participants. Professionally edited cookbook and online commercial recipes show a much higher uniformity in their grammatical features than unedited/self-edited user-generated recipes. Online sub-registers share a role of serving as a repository and reference center for numerous recipes and related information. Relationships among writers, readers, and other participants such as publishers and site organizers differ among all three sub-registers, resulting in some unique linguistic patterns.

scholarly journals Register and Register Variation

Linguistics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Register Variation ◽  
Functional Perspective ◽  
Communicative Functions ◽  
Situational Characteristics ◽  
Register Studies ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Key Resources ◽  
Linguistic Approach

Register research has been approached from differing theoretical and methodological approaches, resulting in different definitions of the term register. In the text-linguistic approach, which is the primary focus of this bibliography, register refers to text varieties that are defined by their situational characteristics, such as the purpose of writing and the mode of communication, among others. Texts that are similar in their situational characteristics also tend to share similar linguistic profiles, as situational characteristics motivate or require the use of specific linguistic features. Text-linguistic research on register tends to focus on two aspects: attempts to describe a register, or attempts to understand patterns of register variation. This research happens via comparative analyses, specific examinations of single linguistic features or situational parameters, and often via examinations of co-occurrence of linguistic features that are analyzed from a functional perspective. That is, certain lexico-grammatical features co-occur in a given text because they together serve important communicative functions that are motivated by the situational characteristics of the text (e.g., communicative purpose, mode, setting, interactivity). Furthermore, corpus methods are often relied upon in register studies, which allows for large-scale examinations of both general and specialized registers. Thus, the bibliography gives priority to research that uses corpus tools and methods. Finally, while the broadest examinations on register focus on the distinction between written and spoken domains, additional divisions of register studies fall under the categories of written registers, spoken registers, academic registers, historical registers, and electronic/online registers. This bibliography primarily introduces some of the key resources on English registers, a decision that was made to reach a broader audience.

scholarly journals “Slavic hexaglot” as a sociocultural and linguistic experiment of Russian Slavophiles in the late XIXth century

2020 ◽  
pp. 175-193
Author(s):  
Inna V. Verner
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Russian Translation ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Language Program ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Xixth Century ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Church

The article discusses the sociolinguistic reasons for the appearance of P. A. Hiltebrandt’s draft publication of the New Testament in the six Slavic languages and its failure. The role of this project in the Slavophile socio-political and philological program is determined; the editions of New Testament translations into various Slavic languages used in the printed fragment of hexaglot are identifi ed; the linguistic features of these translations are characterized. Presented in parallel with Church Slavonic and Russian, gospel translations in Bulgarian, Serbian, Czech and Polish were intended to actualize the “common Slavic” Cyril and Methodius tradition and realize the Slavophile idea of uniting the Slavs based on the common church language. Of all the planned publications, only the Church Slavonic-Czech diglot took place. Its linguistic features give reason to evaluate the philological status of the project as a claim to alternative “convergent” codifi cations of literary Slavic languages. A similarity with the language program of the project is also found in the K. P. Pobedonostsev’s Russian translation of the New Testament.

Financial Inclusion, Content, and Information Technologies in Latin America

2019 ◽  
pp. 392-402
Author(s):  
Alberto Chong ◽  
Cecilia de Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Related Information ◽  
What Works ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Impact

While the current scientific literature is quite scarce for most of the developing world, several leading researchers have made great strides in understanding the role of cyber technologies and related information and communication technologies (ICT) in economic development. A good proportion of this work lays on interventions in the regions of South Asia and Africa. However, cyber-behavior research focused on Latin America has been very limited. Recently, some researchers have taken steps to apply rigorous statistical tools in a systematic way to evaluate how these technologies contributed to the success of several development projects in the region of Latin America. In this chapter, the authors summarize a number of specific cyber-interventions that have taken place in Latin America and that may lead to a better understanding of the impact of interventions to know what works, what does not, and why. The common thread of all the existing cyber-behavior research is that tools must go hand in hand with high quality messaging and content for them to be fully effective.

Linguistic Perspectives on Register

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 435-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Goulart ◽  
Bethany Gray ◽  
Shelley Staples ◽  
Amanda Black ◽  
Aisha Shelton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Multidimensional Analysis ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Register Variation ◽  
Situational Characteristics ◽  
Register Studies

Language users change their written and spoken language according to the situational characteristics and communicative purpose of production—that is, according to the register being produced. Research on registers has focused on register description or patterns of register variation, on detailed analysis of individual linguistic features or an account for the use of a broad range of linguistic features, and on the distinction between written and spoken registers. In this review, we survey register studies according to the register being investigated: spoken, written, electronic/online, literary, or historical. This survey also shows that recent register studies have focused on more specialized written and spoken domains and that the use of corpus linguistics tools and advanced statistical methods such as multidimensional analysis has allowed for broad analyses of the language used in different registers. Finally, we point to areas of register research that need further investigation.

scholarly journals THE LINGUISTIC ASPECTS OF HYPNOTIC DISCOURSE (CASE STUDY OF ENGLISH AND CHINESE HYPNOTIC TEXTS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (28) ◽  
pp. 109-117
Author(s):  
Maksym Karpenko
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Psychomotor Activity ◽  
Linguistic Patterns ◽  
Communicative Act ◽  
Reference Index ◽  
Chinese And English ◽  
Insufficient Knowledge

The linguistic features of hypnotic communication in the context of psychotherapy are outlined. This area is topical due to insufficient knowledge in spite of the significant role of the speech component in the process of hypnotic suggestion and, as a result, the interest of researchers in it. The aim of our research is to characterize the phenomenon of hypnotic discourse and dwell on the basic linguistic peculiarities of hypnotic communication. The object of our research is the hypnotic discourse in the Chinese and English languages, the mechanisms of conducting a hypnotic communicative act in these two languages serve as its subject. Recordings of hypnotherapists’ speech during performing hypnosis serve as the material for our study. The article describes various approaches to understanding hypnosis, and also identifies common features in them: 1) a decrease in the degree of awareness of the environment and the intensity of human psychomotor activity, which resembles sleep; 2) this process is the result of the cooperation of a person, who is referred to as a client, with a person who is referred to as a therapist; 3) an increase in the likelihood of successful suggestion. The algorithm of a typical hypnotic session was outlined, namely, it commonly includes such components as induction, suggestion, and termination of the trance. The linguistic patterns used by the hypnotherapist to elicit a hypnotic trance state in the client are analysed in the study. In particular, two groups of such patterns were identified: those that use universal laws for modeling causal relationships (they include such patterns as pseudological connection using conjunctions, implicit causative, explicit causative, and implication of understanding deep cognitive processes), and those that lead to transderivational search (they include generalized reference index and violation of selectional restriction). The analysis and comparison of the English and Chinese material was carried out to identify the peculiarities of the usage of the abovementioned linguistic patterns in each of these two languages.

Side Effects of Chemotherapy and Cancer Treatment in Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-78
Author(s):  
. Hemraj ◽  
Raj Kumar ◽  
Sourabh Kosey ◽  
Amit Sharma ◽  
Nalini Negi
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Informational Needs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinical Pharmacists ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Related Information ◽  
The Common ◽  
Chemotherapy Patients

To determine the most common physical side effects experienced by local chemotherapy patients. Their perceptions of these side effects and informational needs from clinical pharmacists were also evaluated. This was a single center, observational cross-sectional study conducted at department of General Surgery, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital, Faridkot, Punjab. A face to face interview was conducted. Information collected included chemotherapy related side effects after last chemotherapy experience, the most worrisome side effects, overlooked by healthcare professionals and the preferred method, amount and source of receiving related information. In this study, hundred patients were enrolled out of them 48 were male and 52 were female. When differential calculations was done, common side effects or adverse effects of chemotherapy in the patients of breast, lung cancer, Ovarian Cancer, Colon cancer, Prostate cancer, Lymphoma Cancer, Cervix cancer where there is much irregular medicine intake 57.4% may be due to common problem of joint pain reported by all the patients under study, with the consecutive problem of nausea and vomiting. The high prevalence of chemotherapy related side effects among local patients is a major concern and findings of their perceptions and informational needs may serve as a valuable guide for clinical pharmacists and physicians to help in side effect management. This study shows the common problems reported by the patients when they are suffering from cancer condition, according to their incidence perceptions as experienced by the patient, this will allow the physician and clinical pharmacist to effectively counsel and manage the common symptoms as reported prior to its occurrence in the patient, so that withdrawal can be checked.

On everyday academic research

2017 ◽  
pp. 98-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Tirole
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Research Quality ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
The Common ◽  
Verification Of Models ◽  
Science And Research

In the fourth chapter of the book “The economy of the common good”, the nature of economics as a science and research practices in their theoretical and empirical aspects are discussed. The author considers the processes of modeling, empirical verification of models and evaluation of research quality. In addition, the features of economic cognition and the role of mathematics in economic research are analyzed, including the example of relevant research in game theory and information theory.

Contemplative Principles of a Non-dual Praxis: the Unmediated Practices of the Tibetan ‘Heart Essence’ (sNying thig) Tradition

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-240
Author(s):  
Eran Laish
Keyword(s):  
Contemplative Practice ◽  
Tibetan Buddhist ◽  
Buddhist Tradition ◽  
The Common

This article focuses on the main contemplative principles of the ‘Heart Essence’ (sNying thig), a Tibetan Buddhist tradition that is characterized by a vision of non-duality and primordial wholeness. Due to this vision, which asserts an original reality that is not divided into perceiving subject and perceived object, the ‘Heart Essence’ advocates a contemplative practice that undermines the usual intuitions of temporality and enclosed selfhood. Hence, unlike the common principles of intentional praxis, such as deliberate concentration and gradual purification, the ‘Heart Essence’ affirms four contemplative principles of non-objectiveness, openness, spontaneity and singleness. As these principles transcend intentionality, temporality, and multiplicity, they are seen to directly disclose the nature of primordial awareness, in which the meanings of knowing and being are radically transformed. Therefore, the article will also consider the role of these non-dual contemplative principles in deeply changing our understanding of being and knowing alike.

Charles de Gaulle and European Community

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10-3) ◽  
pp. 70-81
Author(s):  
David Ramiro Troitino ◽  
Tanel Kerikmae ◽  
Olga Shumilo
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
European Community ◽  
World War ◽  
Charles De Gaulle ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Post War ◽  
De Gaulle

This article highlights the role of Charles de Gaulle in the history of united post-war Europe, his approaches to the internal and foreign French policies, also vetoing the membership of the United Kingdom in the European Community. The authors describe the emergence of De Gaulle as a politician, his uneasy relationship with Roosevelt and Churchill during World War II, also the roots of developing a “nationalistic” approach to regional policy after the end of the war. The article also considers the emergence of the Common Agricultural Policy (hereinafter - CAP), one of Charles de Gaulle’s biggest achievements in foreign policy, and the reasons for the Fouchet Plan defeat.

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