scholarly journals From Translation Studies and audiovisual translation to media accessibility

Target ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Remael ◽  
Nina Reviers ◽  
Reinhild Vandekerckhove
Keyword(s):  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Hybrid Form ◽  
Audio Description ◽  
Translation Practice ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The One

Abstract Recent developments in Translation Studies and translation practice have not only led to a profusion of approaches, but also to the development of new text forms and translation modes. Media Accessibility, particularly audio description (AD) and subtitling for the deaf and hard-of-hearing (SDH), is an example of such a ‘new’ mode. SDH has been evolving quickly in recent decades and new developments such as interlingual SDH and live subtitling with speech recognition bring it closer to established forms of translation and interpreting. On the one hand, interlingual SDH reintroduces Jakobson’s (1959) ‘translation proper’ while the use of speech recognition has led to the creation of a hybrid form that has affinities with both subtitling and interpreting. Audio description, for its part, cannot even be fitted into Jakobson’s ‘intersemiotic translation’ model since it involves translation from images into words. Research into AD is especially interesting since it rallies methods from adjacent disciplines, much in the same way that Holmes ([1972] 1988) described TS when it was a fledgling discipline. In 2008, Braun set out a research agenda for AD and the wealth of topics and research approaches dealt with in her article illustrate the immense complexity of this field and the work still to be done. Although AD and SDH research have developed at different paces and are concerned with different topics, converging trends do appear. Particularly the role of technology and the concept of multimodality seem to be key issues. This article aims to give an overview of current research trends in both these areas. It illustrates the possibilities of technology-driven research – particularly popular in SDH and live-subtitling research – while at the same time underlining the value of individual, human-driven approaches, which are still the main ‘modus operandi’ in the younger discipline of AD where much basic research is still required.

The metalanguage of localization

Target ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Translation Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Present Discussion ◽  
Translation Practice ◽  
The Future ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
The One

In recent years localization has become a popular concept in both translation practice and theory. It has developed a language of its own, which, however, still seems to be little known among translation scholars. What is more, being primarily an industry-based discourse, the terms related to localization are very fluid, which makes theorizing about it difficult. Therefore, the aim of this article is, first of all, to explain the basic terms of the metalanguage of localization, as they are used by both localization practitioners and scholars, and, secondly, to make this metalanguage more consistent by proposing some general definitions that cover the basic concepts in localization. This, in turn, should, on the one hand, facilitate scholar-to-practitioner communication and vice versa and, on the other, should result in concept standardization for training purposes. In the conclusions I link the present discussion of the metalanguage of localization to a more general debate on metalanguage(s) in Translation Studies and propose that in the future we might witness the emergence of a new discipline called Localization Studies.

Una aproximación empírica a la ­clasificación y traducción de las figuras retóricas en la publicidad

Babel ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Calzada Perez
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
New Rhetoric ◽  
Rhetorical Figures ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The One

Since ancient times the suasive value of rhetorical figures has been vastly studied. In fact, Aristotle himself argued that the aim of rhetoric was not just to persuade but to find the best methods of persuasion (Aristotle, Retorica, ed. 1990). These methods have been frequently used in advertising, where they are employed to capture the consumer’s attention and, consequently, to sell the advertised product. However (despite the frequent appearance of rhetorical figures in advertising), there is a scarcity of studies on the role of these persuasive mechanisms in the translation of publicity. Bearing upon the “new rhetoric”, the present paper has a twofold purpose. On the one hand, it aims to import a clear taxonomy of rhetorical figures from advertising into translation studies and subsequently to illustrate the transfer of these figures. On the other hand, it analyses the behaviour of rhetorical figures in the translation process by means of an empirical investigation whose goal it is to further categorise them in a systematic and rational way. Drawing upon the seminal work of McQuarrie and his collaborators, the paper performs a quantitative analysis of a corpus of 120 matching pairs consisting of English advertisements and their existing Spanish counterparts. Results evidence that a great majority of rhetorical figures are “translated”, thus confirming the globalising tendencies of advertising.

Bridging the Gap Between Expectations and Teaching on the Field Practice: Instituto Franklin-UAH as Intercultural Mediator for Language Assistants in Spain

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-152
Author(s):  
Iulia Vescan ◽  
Bianca Vitalaru
Keyword(s):  
Basic Research ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Academic Difficulties ◽  
Lead Teachers ◽  
Bilingual Teaching ◽  
Field Practice ◽  
Bilingual Schools ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

Basic research has shown that some differences between educational aspects of Spanish and American culture, such as perceptions about on roles, attitudes, communication, teaching methods and even expectations, can manifest into actual academic difficulties for American Language Assistants in Spanish bilingual schools. This paper will focus on describing the elements that, when analyzed, outline the role of Instituto Franklin-UAH as an intercultural and academic mediator between two cultures and education systems (Spain and US) and the context that justifies the different measures taken to attend to the particular needs or circumstances of the agents involved (students, teachers and academic advisors). Two perspectives will be included: a) a historical one, related to Instituto Franklin-UAH’s background and context related to bilingual teaching; b) an analytical one, focusing, on the one hand, on the perception of the agents involved and, on the other hand, on the actions that have turned Instituto Franklin-UAH into an actual mediator between its students and the schools where they act as Language Assistants. Ultimately, the paper underlines the difference in terms of the perception of the same aspects by the groups involved and the need for measures to improve the communication process between American LAs and Spanish lead teachers in bilingual schools.

Quality Enhancement in Doctoral Education: Developing a More Public Process

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Neumann ◽  
James Guthrie
Keyword(s):  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Doctoral Education ◽  
Quality Enhancement ◽  
Code Of Practice ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Ultimate Responsibility ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Doctoral Supervision

AbstractGovernments play an important role in providing an appropriate national framework and structure for the development of doctoral education. Nevertheless, ultimate responsibility for quality supervision processes lies with institutions, in particular with their departmental units and their policies and processes (DETYA, 1999c). This paper presents a case study of recent developments in the quality enhancement of doctoral supervision in the Macquarie Graduate School of Management (MGSM). In doing so it looks at three areas in particular: (1) the key role of infrastructure support, including the introduction of a code of practice in doctoral supervision; (2) the induction and acculturation processes; and (3) supervision quality, including the selection, development and training of supervisors. The aim of the developments is to make a recognized private process more public and transparent. MGSM currently enrolls a significant number of doctoral students and the enhancement of their doctoral experience is a key priority. The paper concludes by highlighting key issues for future development.

Non-Speech Sound in Human-Computer Interaction: A Review and Design Guidelines

1994 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Hereford ◽  
William Winn
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Computer Technology ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
Auditory Perception ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Recent Developments

Recent developments in computer technology make it possible to use sound more extensively in the computer interface than has hitherto been possible. This article describes research on uses of computer sound and suggests how sound might be used effectively by instructional and interface designers. After a review of some general principles of interface design and of basic research into auditory perception, the article examines two uses of sound: Earcons, whose purpose is to inform the user about the state of the system itself, and sonitization, whose purpose is to represent data generated by computer programs as sound. Both symbolic and iconic sounds are examined. The role of sound in virtual environments is also discussed with particular attention to its use in aircraft. Design guidelines are listed, and conclusions about needed research are offered.

scholarly journals Relations between terms: a cognitive approach. The interaction between Terminology, Lexicology, Translation Studies and translation practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Thelen
Keyword(s):  
Translation Studies ◽  
Actual Practice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cycle Model ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Translation Practice ◽  
Associative Relation ◽  
The One

This paper discusses two problem areas of Terminology: the word-term dis-tinction and a particular type of terminological relation, viz. the complex or associative relation. Both areas will be discussed in the light of the actual practice of translating and the translator. It will be argued that for the trans-lator to deal with these areas successfully there should be a contribution from basic translation practices and Translation Studies, on the one hand, and from Lexicology, notably TCM (“Two-Cycle Model of Grammar”), on the other.

scholarly journals The Emergence of Psychoanalytic Metaneuropsychology: A Neuropsychoanalytically Informed Reconsideration of Early Psychic Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew John Mellor
Keyword(s):  
Main Part ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Ego Development ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
British Society ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Conceptual Foundations

This paper is principally concerned with reappraising some of the major disagreements that separated the Viennese and the London Kleinians during the British Psychoanalytical Society's Controversial Discussions. Of particular focus are questions pertaining to the genesis of ego development, the beginnings of object-relating, and the role of unconscious phantasy in respect of these phenomena. The aim of the investigation is to inquire into the light that may be shed on the once intractable conflicts surrounding these questions by bringing to bear more recent developments from psychoanalysis and the neurosciences. First, various key issues from the Controversial Discussions are outlined, before the paper turns to work by Jaak Panksepp and Mark Solms that bears on these older arguments and the Freudian theories that underpinned them. With these conceptual foundations established, three questions are posed and discussed with a view to understanding the implications of recent neuropsychoanalytic thinking for some of the entrenched conflicts that divided the British Society. These questions include: (1) what does it mean for the ego if the id is conscious? (2) What does recent neuroscientific knowledge tell us about whether the ego should be thought of as present from birth? (3) How can we understand and locate unconscious phantasy if the main part of the mind that Freud thought of as unconscious is not so? Research from the arena of infant development—particularly the material and analysis of infant observation—is drawn on to illustrate various conclusions. The paper ultimately concludes that taking such an interdisciplinary approach can reveal renewed justification for aspects of the Kleinian metapsychology.

Crypto-Back-Translation in Van Rooten's Homophonic Nursery Rhymes

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-447
Author(s):  
Alexandra Lukes
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reading Process ◽  
Translation Practice ◽  
Back Translation ◽  
Physical Effects ◽  
The One ◽  
Translation Methodology

This article explores the covert practice of literary back-translation, here called ‘crypto-back-translation’, through an analysis of Luis D'Antin van Rooten's Mots d'Heures: Gousses, Rames. The book contains homophonic translations of Mother Goose's Rhymes, but is presented as a collection of original French poems, edited by van Rooten with explanatory notes and translations. The article argues that crypto-back-translation takes two forms: on the one hand, it constitutes a hermeneutic strategy used by van Rooten to amuse and confound his readers, by producing new versions of known English nursery rhymes under the guise of erudite notes; on the other, it forms part of the reading process, by evoking preverbal memories of sound association, connected to language acquisition in the context of the nursery. More generally, the article discusses the role of humour and deception in translation practice, translation methodology, and the emotional, psychological, and physical effects of literary back-translation.

Quality Enhancement in Doctoral Education: Developing a More Public Process

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Ruth Neumann ◽  
James Guthrie
Keyword(s):  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Doctoral Education ◽  
Quality Enhancement ◽  
Code Of Practice ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Ultimate Responsibility ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Doctoral Supervision

AbstractGovernments play an important role in providing an appropriate national framework and structure for the development of doctoral education. Nevertheless, ultimate responsibility for quality supervision processes lies with institutions, in particular with their departmental units and their policies and processes (DETYA, 1999c). This paper presents a case study of recent developments in the quality enhancement of doctoral supervision in the Macquarie Graduate School of Management (MGSM). In doing so it looks at three areas in particular: (1) the key role of infrastructure support, including the introduction of a code of practice in doctoral supervision; (2) the induction and acculturation processes; and (3) supervision quality, including the selection, development and training of supervisors. The aim of the developments is to make a recognized private process more public and transparent. MGSM currently enrolls a significant number of doctoral students and the enhancement of their doctoral experience is a key priority. The paper concludes by highlighting key issues for future development.

scholarly journals An Attorney's Perspective on Emerging New Venture Opportunities for Petroleum Projects in Latin America

1995 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 270
Author(s):  
Jay G. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
New Venture ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
Potential Risks

This article discusses the potential for new opportunities in the petroleum industry in Latin American countries. The author states that investment in Latin American petroleum projects is required in order to meet energy needs and environmental requirements. After surveying the history, politics and investment climate in Latin America, the author discusses the investment opportunities that have arisen in Latin America as well as the potential risks associated with these investments. He then discusses environmental concerns and other recent developments that impact on petroleum investments. The author examines key issues arising out of petroleum agreements between investors and Latin American governments and outlines the various petroleum agreements currently in use. To conclude, the author discusses the role of legal advisors in assisting clients in making successful investments in Latin American petroleum projects.

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