Group Differences in Dyslexia Screening Test scores Between 8- and 9-Year-old Dutch and Immigrant Children

2010 ◽  
Vol 84-85 ◽  
pp. 71-82
Author(s):  
Anick Verpalen ◽  
Fons van de Vijver
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cultural Bias ◽  
Item Bias ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
At Risk Children ◽  
Linguistic Influences

The prevalence of dyslexia is 4-5% in the Netherlands. A well known instrument for measuring the risk for dyslexia is the Dyslexia Screening Test (DST). This study addresses cultural bias in the DST in a sample of 63 Dutch and 53 immigrant fifth-graders. A positive relationship between DST scores, word lexicon and socio-economic status was found. Although DST scores did not show group differences in risk indicators, a comparison of subtest scores showed that confounding cultural and linguistic influences complicated the identification of at risk children. Differences were only found in the subtests naming letters, naming pictures and verbal fluency. Probably, these differences are caused by bias, because of the specific cultural and linguistic character of these subtests. It was concluded that cultural bias (both construct and item bias) challenges the validity of the DST for assessment in multicultural groups.

Creativity in Children: The Role of Child Abuse, Socio-Economic Status and Age

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhay Pratap Singh
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Creative Development ◽  
Abused Children ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Verbal Creativity

Present study endeavored to investigate the role of child abuse, socio-economic status and age in creative development of children. A 2x3x3 factorial design with two groups (abused and non-abused), socio-economic status (High, Middle, Low) and three age group (Childs i.e., 6 – 10 Yrs., Preadolescents i.e., 11 – 14 Yrs. & Adolescents i.e., 15 – 18 Yrs.). A total of 90 children from Gorakhpur belonging to deferent strata of society participated as respondents. Child abuse checklist (Pandey, 2002) was used to determine various forms of abused and non-abused cases, and to determine the deferent forms of creativity in children, verbal and non-verbal tests of creative  thinking (Mehdi, 1973)  was also used. Results revealed that the level of creativity varied across different group of children. Moreover, abused children were found inferior on verbal fluency, verbal flexibility, elaboration N (picture), elaboration V (title), originality N (picture), and originality V (title) than non-abused children. Low SES children achieved poor on verbal related fluency, flexibility, originality as well as non-verbal related elaboration N (picture), elaboration V (title), originality N (picture), and originality V (title) than middle and high SES. Furthermore, Childs scored very poor on various dimensions of verbal and non-verbal creativity than pre-adolescents and adolescents respectively. Results have been discussed in the light of individual and social factors

scholarly journals Compensation and Socio-Economic Status of Borrowers in Foreclosure: Evidence from Swedish Micro-data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lundholm
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Debt Relief ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Micro Data ◽  
Safety Nets ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Micro Level

AbstractProper compensation during foreclosure is essential to any effort to protect borrowers as consumers. However, the effectiveness of consumer protection and other safety nets during foreclosure has been debated within academia. This study contributes to this debate by exploring socio-economic group differences related to the compensatory potential of foreclosure proceedings. It employs micro-level data on foreclosure auctions in Sweden from 2000 to 2014. The results indicate that there is a correlation between high socio-economic status and a greater potential for compensation and that this is likely not explained by appraiser bias. This article discusses these empirical findings in terms of the need for strict consumer protection regulation and other safety nets, such as alternative mortgage products or debt relief, to ensure that there is a potential for compensation for all borrowers in foreclosure, regardless of socio-economic status.

scholarly journals Out of sight, out of mind? Non-user understandings of archives in Aotearoa New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jared Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Cultural Bias ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand

<p>Research problem: Despite a significant amount of research on archival users, only a small number of studies have focused solely on the non-user. This study investigated non-user understandings of archives in Aotearoa New Zealand to learn about their awareness of archives, perceptions of accessibility and use, and views on an archives’ purpose and societal role. This included whether non-users valued archives and what this said about the democratic archival contract. Methodology: A qualitative research design influenced by critical theory was employed. Eight non-user samples of individuals over the age of 18 were purposively selected within the population of Aotearoa New Zealand, covering variables of geographical location, socio-economic status, education, gender, age, and ethnicity. Three activist samples were also included. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews and analysed thematically. Results: While their image of an archive was generally accurate and positive, participants had little knowledge of how they were organised. Archives were highly valued and viewed as accessible places for those who needed it, but with clear differences to other institutions. These differences prevented half of the sample with a need to use an archive from doing so. The archival contract was generally accepted, but was problematized in terms of access and cultural bias. Implications: The findings support the view that understandings of archives greatly influence use. Although limited to a small and geographically specific sample, this study enables archives to know more about potential users, and design, target and implement outreach in order to raise awareness and increase use.</p>

scholarly journals Importance of Urban Factor and Selected Socio-Economic Variables in the Differentiation of Coordination Motor Abilities Level (CMA)

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-200
Author(s):  
Janusz Jaworski ◽  
Eligiusz Madejski
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Computer Application ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Economic Variables ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Socio Economic Variables ◽  
The City

Importance of Urban Factor and Selected Socio-Economic Variables in the Differentiation of Coordination Motor Abilities Level (CMA)Introduction. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the urban factor and socio-economic status on selected coordination motor abilities of non-practicing physical education female students. Material and methods. The research covered 83 female students aged 20.6±0.8 SD years. Data on place of residence and socio-economic status of respondents were collected through a survey. The study of coordination motor abilities was carried out by a special computer application using for this purpose a "tablet" with touch screen. Assessment of the size, scope and direction of differentiation between the groups was made on the basis of standardized inter-group differences. Results. The inter-group differences were presented in the surveyed female students' coordination motor abilities, depending on the urban factor and socio-economic status. The gradient of these changes was as follows: the city over 25 thousand population > city of 25 thousand population > small town. The scale of differentiation was dependent on the type of tested abilities and the environmental factor. Conclusion. Gradient of observed changes could be caused by, e.g. more environmental stimuli stimulating the nervous system in the earlier periods of development of the female students from larger urban clusters and families with higher socio-economic status.

scholarly journals The association between erosive tooth wear and diet, hygiene habits and health awareness in adolescents aged 15 in Poland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Rusyan ◽  
E. Grabowska ◽  
I. Strużycka
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Health Awareness ◽  
Hard Tissue ◽  
Erosive Tooth Wear ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Routine Clinical Examination

Abstract Purpose The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of erosive tooth wear (ETW) and risk indicators in the population of adolescents aged 15 in Poland. Methods Erosive tooth wear in 2639 participants was determined by calibrated examiners according to the BEWE scoring system, and the prevalence of risk factors was assessed on the basis of a survey. Results Erosive tooth wear was reported in 24.3% of participants. Initial loss of surface (BEWE 1) was the predominant finding, observed in 21.3% of participants. Hard tissue loss (BEWE 2 and 3) occurred very rarely, only in 3% of participants. Acidic diet, masculine gender and lower socio-economic status were associated with higher prevalence and severity of erosive lesions in the examined population. Conclusion Two modifiable factors—acidic diet and low health awareness—were found to be highly unsatisfactory in the adolescents aged 15 in Poland. Accordingly, to prevent the deterioration of the functionality and aesthetics of the teeth in young people, certain measures, such as routine clinical examination, education, dietary consulting and prophylaxis, should be implemented as early as possible, focusing predominantly on families with lower socio-economic status.

scholarly journals Out of sight, out of mind? Non-user understandings of archives in Aotearoa New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jared Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Cultural Bias ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand

<p>Research problem: Despite a significant amount of research on archival users, only a small number of studies have focused solely on the non-user. This study investigated non-user understandings of archives in Aotearoa New Zealand to learn about their awareness of archives, perceptions of accessibility and use, and views on an archives’ purpose and societal role. This included whether non-users valued archives and what this said about the democratic archival contract. Methodology: A qualitative research design influenced by critical theory was employed. Eight non-user samples of individuals over the age of 18 were purposively selected within the population of Aotearoa New Zealand, covering variables of geographical location, socio-economic status, education, gender, age, and ethnicity. Three activist samples were also included. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews and analysed thematically. Results: While their image of an archive was generally accurate and positive, participants had little knowledge of how they were organised. Archives were highly valued and viewed as accessible places for those who needed it, but with clear differences to other institutions. These differences prevented half of the sample with a need to use an archive from doing so. The archival contract was generally accepted, but was problematized in terms of access and cultural bias. Implications: The findings support the view that understandings of archives greatly influence use. Although limited to a small and geographically specific sample, this study enables archives to know more about potential users, and design, target and implement outreach in order to raise awareness and increase use.</p>

Oral Language Behavior of Older Cerebral Palsied Children

1964 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell J. Love
Keyword(s):  
Oral Language ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Language Behavior ◽  
Hearing Acuity

A battery of six tests assessing various aspects of receptive and expressive oral language was administered to 27 cerebral palsied children and controls matched on the variables of age, intelligence, sex, race, hearing acuity, socio-economic status, and similarity of educational background. Results indicated only minimal differences between groups. Signs of deviancy in language behavior often attributed to the cerebral palsied were not observed. Although previous investigators have suggested consistent language disturbances in the cerebral palsied, evidence for a disorder of comprehension and formulation of oral symobls was not found.

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