Manipulation of the onset of ectomycorrhiza formation by indole-3-acetic acid, activated charcoal or relative humidity in the association between oak microcuttings and Piloderma croceum: influence on plant development and photosynthesis

2004 ◽  
Vol 161 (5) ◽  
pp. 509-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Herrmann ◽  
Ralf Oelmüller ◽  
François Buscot
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Piloderma Croceum ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

scholarly journals The main oxidative inactivation pathway of the plant hormone auxin

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken-ichiro Hayashi ◽  
Kazushi Arai ◽  
Yuki Aoi ◽  
Yuka Tanaka ◽  
Hayao Hira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Amino Acid Conjugates ◽  
Auxin Homeostasis ◽  
Oxidative Inactivation ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

AbstractInactivation of the phytohormone auxin plays important roles in plant development, and several enzymes have been implicated in auxin inactivation. In this study, we show that the predominant natural auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), is mainly inactivated via the GH3-ILR1-DAO pathway. IAA is first converted to IAA-amino acid conjugates by GH3 IAA-amidosynthetases. The IAA-amino acid conjugates IAA-aspartate (IAA-Asp) and IAA-glutamate (IAA-Glu) are storage forms of IAA and can be converted back to IAA by ILR1/ILL amidohydrolases. We further show that DAO1 dioxygenase irreversibly oxidizes IAA-Asp and IAA-Glu into 2-oxindole-3-acetic acid-aspartate (oxIAA-Asp) and oxIAA-Glu, which are subsequently hydrolyzed by ILR1 to release inactive oxIAA. This work established a complete pathway for the oxidative inactivation of auxin and defines the roles played by auxin homeostasis in plant development.

scholarly journals Redefining the roles of UDP-glycosyltransferases in auxin metabolism and homeostasis during plant development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Mateo-Bonmatí ◽  
Rubén Casanova-Sáez ◽  
Jan Šimura ◽  
Karin Ljung
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Concentration Gradients ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽  
Reversible Nature

ABSTRACTThe levels of the important plant growth regulator indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) are tightly controlled within plant tissues to spatiotemporally orchestrate concentration gradients that drive plant growth and development. Metabolic inactivation of bioactive IAA is known to participate in the modulation of IAA maxima and minima. IAA can be irreversibly inactivated by oxidation and conjugation to Aspartate and Glutamate. Usually overlooked because its reversible nature, the most abundant inactive IAA form is the IAA-glucose (IAA-glc) conjugate. Glycosylation of IAA is reported to be carried out by the UDP-glycosyltransferase 84B1 (UGT84B1), while UGT74D1 has been implicated in the glycosylation of the irreversibly formed IAA catabolite oxIAA. Here we demonstrate that both UGT84B1 and UGT74D1 modulate IAA levels throughout plant development by dual IAA and oxIAA glycosylation. Moreover, we identify a novel UGT subfamily whose members modulate IAA homeostasis during skotomorphogenesis by redundantly mediating the glycosylation of oxIAA.

scholarly journals Stability of IAA and IBA in Nutrient Medium to Several Tissue Culture Procedures

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 800-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott J. Nissen ◽  
Ellen G. Sutter
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Plant Tissue Culture ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Relative Stabilities ◽  
Murashige And Skoog Medium ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

The relative stabilities of IAA and IBA under various tissue culture procedures were determined. IBA was significantly more stable than IAA to autoclaving. IBA was also found to be more stable than IAA in liquid Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) under growth chamber conditions. The stabilities of IBA and IAA were similar in agar-solidified MS. Light provided by cool-white fluorescent bulbs promoted degradation of IAA and IBA in both liquid and agar media. Activated charcoal in concentrations as high as 5% was found to adsorb more than 97% of IAA and IBA in liquid MS. These results have important implications for the preparation, storage, and handling of IBA and IAA in plant tissue culture. Chemical names used: indole-3-acetic acid (IAA); indole-3-butyric acid (IBA).

scholarly journals Chemical inhibition of auxin inactivation pathway uncovers the metabolic turnover of auxin homeostasis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosuke Fukui ◽  
Kazushi Arai ◽  
Yuka Tanaka ◽  
Yuki Aoi ◽  
Vandna Kukshal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Auxin Homeostasis ◽  
Auxin Concentration ◽  
Auxin Synthesis ◽  
Chemical Inhibition ◽  
Conjugating Enzymes ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

The phytohormone auxin, specifically indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) plays a prominent role in plant development. Cellular auxin concentration is coordinately regulated by auxin synthesis, transport, and inactivation to maintain auxin homeostasis; however, the physiological contribution of auxin inactivation to auxin homeostasis has remained elusive. The GH3 genes encode auxin amino acid conjugating enzymes that perform a central role in auxin inactivation. The chemical inhibition of GH3s in planta is challenging because the inhibition of GH3 enzymes leads to IAA overaccumulation that rapidly induces GH3 expression. Here, we developed a potent GH3 inhibitor, designated as kakeimide (KKI), that selectively targets auxin-conjugating GH3s. Chemical knockdown of the auxin inactivation pathway demonstrates that auxin turnover is very rapid (about 10 min), indicating auxin biosynthesis and inactivation dynamically regulate auxin homeostasis.

scholarly journals Regeneration of Babaco (Carica pentagona) from Ovular Callus

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Vega de Rojas ◽  
S.L. Kitto
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Embryo Conversion ◽  
Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Ovules of babaco [Carica pentagona (Heilborn) Badillo], 23 to 140 days old, were cultured to initiate regenerative callus. Callus developed from the integuments and possibly from the nucellus. Ovules of greater length and age produced more calli on White's medium or medium with half-strength MS salts than on full-strength MS. Ovules >60 days old that were chilled for 24 hours produced significantly more callus than fresh ovules <60 days old. Ovular calli of summer and fall fruits (73 to 90 days old) grown at 23 ± 2C under cool-white fluorescent lamps (16- or 18-hour photoperiod, 12 or 16 μmol·s-1·m-2) developed green areas that subsequently produced nodular structures. Nodular structures produced proembryonal structures that developed into mature somatic embryos when transferred to media containing either GA3 (0.1 mg·liter-1) plus activated charcoal (2.0 g·liter-1) or casein hydrolysate (200 mg·liter-1) plus IAA (0.5 mg·liter-1). Somatic embryos converted into plantlets when transferred to embryo conversion medium. Chemical names used: 1-H -indole-3-acetic acid (IAA); gibberellic acid (GA3).

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