scholarly journals Redefining the roles of UDP-glycosyltransferases in auxin metabolism and homeostasis during plant development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Mateo-Bonmatí ◽  
Rubén Casanova-Sáez ◽  
Jan Šimura ◽  
Karin Ljung
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Concentration Gradients ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽  
Reversible Nature

ABSTRACTThe levels of the important plant growth regulator indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) are tightly controlled within plant tissues to spatiotemporally orchestrate concentration gradients that drive plant growth and development. Metabolic inactivation of bioactive IAA is known to participate in the modulation of IAA maxima and minima. IAA can be irreversibly inactivated by oxidation and conjugation to Aspartate and Glutamate. Usually overlooked because its reversible nature, the most abundant inactive IAA form is the IAA-glucose (IAA-glc) conjugate. Glycosylation of IAA is reported to be carried out by the UDP-glycosyltransferase 84B1 (UGT84B1), while UGT74D1 has been implicated in the glycosylation of the irreversibly formed IAA catabolite oxIAA. Here we demonstrate that both UGT84B1 and UGT74D1 modulate IAA levels throughout plant development by dual IAA and oxIAA glycosylation. Moreover, we identify a novel UGT subfamily whose members modulate IAA homeostasis during skotomorphogenesis by redundantly mediating the glycosylation of oxIAA.

scholarly journals Dynamic regulation of auxin oxidase and conjugating enzymes AtDAO1 and GH3 modulates auxin homeostasis

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (39) ◽  
pp. 11022-11027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Mellor ◽  
Leah R. Band ◽  
Aleš Pěnčík ◽  
Ondřej Novák ◽  
Afaf Rashed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Dynamic Regulation ◽  
Auxin Homeostasis ◽  
High Auxin ◽  
Root Tissues ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

The hormone auxin is a key regulator of plant growth and development, and great progress has been made understanding auxin transport and signaling. Here, we show that auxin metabolism and homeostasis are also regulated in a complex manner. The principal auxin degradation pathways in Arabidopsis include oxidation by Arabidopsis thaliana gene DIOXYGENASE FOR AUXIN OXIDATION 1/2 (AtDAO1/2) and conjugation by Gretchen Hagen3s (GH3s). Metabolic profiling of dao1-1 root tissues revealed a 50% decrease in the oxidation product 2-oxoindole-3-acetic acid (oxIAA) and increases in the conjugated forms indole-3-acetic acid aspartic acid (IAA-Asp) and indole-3-acetic acid glutamic acid (IAA-Glu) of 438- and 240-fold, respectively, whereas auxin remains close to the WT. By fitting parameter values to a mathematical model of these metabolic pathways, we show that, in addition to reduced oxidation, both auxin biosynthesis and conjugation are increased in dao1-1. Transcripts of AtDAO1 and GH3 genes increase in response to auxin over different timescales and concentration ranges. Including this regulation of AtDAO1 and GH3 in an extended model reveals that auxin oxidation is more important for auxin homoeostasis at lower hormone concentrations, whereas auxin conjugation is most significant at high auxin levels. Finally, embedding our homeostasis model in a multicellular simulation to assess the spatial effect of the dao1-1 mutant shows that auxin increases in outer root tissues in agreement with the dao1-1 mutant root hair phenotype. We conclude that auxin homeostasis is dependent on AtDAO1, acting in concert with GH3, to maintain auxin at optimal levels for plant growth and development.

scholarly journals STRAIN ENTEROBACTER SP. UOM-3 IS ABLE TO SYNCHRONOUS DESTRUCTION OF HALOGEN-CONTAINING HERBICIDES AND SYNTHESIS OF INDOL-3-ACETIC ACID

ÈKOBIOTEH ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 716-721
Author(s):  
S.N. Starikov ◽  
◽  
S.P. Chetverikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Maximum Concentration ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Biological Product ◽  
Stimulate Plant Growth ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

We studied the Enterobacter sp. UOM-3 oil destructor strain that was isolated and identified earlier. During the study, it was shown that these bacteria are able to synthesize indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) when growing in culture medium with the halogen-containing herbicides Octapon and Florax: the destruction of 2,4-D on the 4th day of cultivation reached 79% and 68%, respectively, the maximum concentration of IAA during the experiment was 485 ng / ml and 270 ng / ml. The strain can be applied as part of a biological product to remediate the environment and to stimulate plant growth and development.

scholarly journals GH3 Auxin-Amido Synthetases Alter the Ratio of Indole-3-Acetic Acid and Phenylacetic Acid in Arabidopsis

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 596-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Aoi ◽  
Keita Tanaka ◽  
Sam David Cook ◽  
Ken-Ichiro Hayashi ◽  
Hiroyuki Kasahara
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Phenylacetic Acid ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Polar Movement ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Metabolite Quantification ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Abstract Auxin is the first discovered plant hormone and is essential for many aspects of plant growth and development. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is the main auxin and plays pivotal roles in intercellular communication through polar auxin transport. Phenylacetic acid (PAA) is another natural auxin that does not show polar movement. Although a wide range of species have been shown to produce PAA, its biosynthesis, inactivation and physiological significance in plants are largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that overexpression of the CYP79A2 gene, which is involved in benzylglucosinolate synthesis, remarkably increased the levels of PAA and enhanced lateral root formation in Arabidopsis. This coincided with a significant reduction in the levels of IAA. The results from auxin metabolite quantification suggest that the PAA-dependent induction of GRETCHEN HAGEN 3 (GH3) genes, which encode auxin-amido synthetases, promote the inactivation of IAA. Similarly, an increase in IAA synthesis, via the indole-3-acetaldoxime pathway, significantly reduced the levels of PAA. The same adjustment of IAA and PAA levels was also observed by applying each auxin to wild-type plants. These results show that GH3 auxin-amido synthetases can alter the ratio of IAA and PAA in plant growth and development.

scholarly journals Isolation, Morphological and Biochemical Characterization of Rhizobacteria from Arsenic Contaminated Paddy Soils in Bangladesh: An In vitro Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-55
Author(s):  
M. M. Hossain ◽  
G. K. M. M. Rahman ◽  
M. A. M. Akanda ◽  
A. R. M. Solaiman ◽  
M. T. Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Phosphate Solubilization ◽  
Cellulose Degradation ◽  
Paddy Soils ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Iaa Production

Soil-plant–microbes relations within the plant rhizosphere are the determinants of plant and soil health, which is important for soil ecological environment for plant-microbe interactions. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are considered to encourage plant growth and development directly or indirectly in soil. PGPR can demonstrate a diversity of characteristics responsible .for influencing plant growth and development. During this study, Twenty four different bacterial isolates were isolated, and detailed morphological, biochemical, and physiological characterizations of those isolates were accomplished. This experiment was performed with the 24 bacterial isolates to see their gram stain test, KOH test, catalase activity, cellulose degradation capability, in dole acetic acid (IAA) production, and phosphate solubilization activities, and also tested for growth within the different arsenic and salt stress conditions and 37°C temperature. Results revealed that among the rhizobacterial isolates, fifteen bacterial isolates were negative and nine was positive in gram reaction, while some were showed high IAA production ability, phosphate solubility capability, and cellulose degradation capacity within the culture media. The isolates were isolated from paddy soils and a few were characterized by a yellow color, flat elevation, and gram-positive, while some were characterized because of the yellowish color with round colony shape, raised elevation, gram-negative, and every one the isolates were positive in catalase production capacity and phosphate solubilization activity which is able to increase the available phosphorus within the soil for plants and also produced indole acetic acid that may use as a hormone to be used in growth enhancement of plants. Hence, these isolates need to be tested further for their effect on arsenic dynamics at the plant rhizosphere, selection of suitable plant species for the bacterial association, bacterial effect on arsenic uptake by plants, and potentials for field applications for sustainable agriculture.

A Technique to Assay Herbicide Translocation and Effect on Root Growth

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 715-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Gentner
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Rapid Evaluation ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Red Kidney Bean ◽  
Soil Level ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

A split-stem technique was devised for the rapid evaluation of herbicide effect on root growth and herbicide translocation. Four rows of adventitious root initials were prominent on the stem of red kidney bean [Phaseolus vulgaris L.] seedlings. They were excised at the soil level above the vascular plate. Excised stems were longitudinally split for a distance of 75 to 90 mm leaving two rows of root initials on each stem portion. Split-stem halves were immersed in herbicide-nutrient and nutrient solutions, respectively, contained in paired 25 by 150-mm test tubes. Subsequent plant growth and development of treated plants reflected effects of the herbicide on root growth. Herbicide translocation often was indicated by abnormalities of growth of plant tissues remote from the herbicide solution.

scholarly journals The assessment of the efficiency of the plant growth regulator “Cresolan” on grain crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 02049
Author(s):  
S.A. Ermakov ◽  
A.V. Mankov ◽  
L.A. Minukhin ◽  
Yu.R. Muratov ◽  
A.E. Coparulina
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Trade Name ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Adaptive Abilities

The article examines the regulators of plant growth and development, their properties and influence on living organisms. The new evaluated preparation with the trade name “Cresolan” was studied and tested at the central experimental field at the “Uralets”, the educational farm of the Ural State Agrarian University. Various doses, periods, methods of use, combinations and its comparison with other similar preparations were studied (the experimental tests were carried out on spring wheat of the “Iren” variety and barley of the “Ecolog” variety). The spring wheat and barley plants showed great responsiveness to the preparation. According to the research results, a significant increase in the productivity and resistance of the studied grain crops was revealed, due to the increasing adaptive abilities of plants to the effects of unfavorable environmental factors. It was also concluded that it is necessary to generalize the material and to study some more issues for the development of an adapted technology of application of the plant growth and development regulator “Cresolan”, which ensures stable efficiency.

scholarly journals Comparing and Contrasting the Multiple Roles of Butenolide Plant Growth Regulators: Strigolactones and Karrikins in Plant Development and Adaptation to Abiotic Stresses

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 6270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Yang ◽  
Yuke Lian ◽  
Chongying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
26S Proteasome ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Matter

Strigolactones (SLs) and karrikins (KARs) are both butenolide molecules that play essential roles in plant growth and development. SLs are phytohormones, with SLs having known functions within the plant they are produced in, while KARs are found in smoke emitted from burning plant matter and affect seeds and seedlings in areas of wildfire. It has been suggested that SL and KAR signaling may share similar mechanisms. The α/β hydrolases DWARF14 (D14) and KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE 2 (KAI2), which act as receptors of SL and KAR, respectively, both interact with the F-box protein MORE AXILLARY GROWTH 2 (MAX2) in order to target SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1 (SMAX1)-LIKE/D53 family members for degradation via the 26S proteasome. Recent reports suggest that SLs and/or KARs are also involved in regulating plant responses and adaptation to various abiotic stresses, particularly nutrient deficiency, drought, salinity, and chilling. There is also crosstalk with other hormone signaling pathways, including auxin, gibberellic acid (GA), abscisic acid (ABA), cytokinin (CK), and ethylene (ET), under normal and abiotic stress conditions. This review briefly covers the biosynthetic and signaling pathways of SLs and KARs, compares their functions in plant growth and development, and reviews the effects of any crosstalk between SLs or KARs and other plant hormones at various stages of plant development. We also focus on the distinct responses, adaptations, and regulatory mechanisms related to SLs and/or KARs in response to various abiotic stresses. The review closes with discussion on ways to gain additional insights into the SL and KAR pathways and the crosstalk between these related phytohormones.

scholarly journals Crosstalk with Jasmonic Acid Integrates Multiple Responses in Plant Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geupil Jang ◽  
Youngdae Yoon ◽  
Yang Do Choi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Hormonal Responses ◽  
Environmental Responses

To date, extensive studies have identified many classes of hormones in plants and revealed the specific, nonredundant signaling pathways for each hormone. However, plant hormone functions largely overlap in many aspects of plant development and environmental responses, suggesting that studying the crosstalk among plant hormones is key to understanding hormonal responses in plants. The phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) is deeply involved in the regulation of plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In addition, a growing number of studies suggest that JA plays an essential role in the modulation of plant growth and development under stress conditions, and crosstalk between JA and other phytohormones involved in growth and development, such as gibberellic acid (GA), cytokinin, and auxin modulate various developmental processes. This review summarizes recent findings of JA crosstalk in the modulation of plant growth and development, focusing on JA–GA, JA–cytokinin, and JA–auxin crosstalk. The molecular mechanisms underlying this crosstalk are also discussed.

scholarly journals Hormesis Effect of Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid Sub-Doses and Mepiquat Chloride on Cotton Plant

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.H.P. AMÉRICO ◽  
J.H.P. AMÉRICO-PINHEIRO ◽  
E. FURLANI JR
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Mepiquat Chloride ◽  
Hormesis Effect ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the hormesis effect of sub-doses of dichlorophenoxy acetic acid herbicide and the plant growth regulator mepiquat chloride on the vegetative and productive characteristics of two cotton cultivars (FMT 701 and Fibermax 966). The experiment was conducted from November 2013 to May 2014. The experimental design was a randomized block in a factorial scheme 6 x 2 x 2, with four replications, totaling 96 installments with 24 treatments: the witness and five sub-doses of the herbicide 2,4-D: 0.68, 1.36, 2.04, 2.72 and 3.40 g equivalent acid (e.a) per ha, with and without application of mepiquat chloride at a dose of 200 mL ha-1 in the cotton cultivars FMT 701 and Fibermax 966. The sub-doses applied were 2,4-D at 45 days after the emergence of the plant (DAE), and the growth regulator was applied at 70 DAE. It was found that the use of the growth regulator (mepiquat chloride) at a dose of 200 mL ha-1 was effective in controlling plant development relative to its variable height. The application of sub-doses of 2,4-D up to 1.75 g e.a ha-1 provides increased seed cotton productivity FMT 701 and Fibermax 966). The cultivar FMT 701 got greater plant height, stem diameter, number of reproductive branches, bolls per plant and seed cotton productivity compared to the cultivar Fibermax 966.

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