Potential and limits of modelling to predict the impact of transgenic crops in wild species.

2009 ◽  
pp. 351-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lavigne ◽  
C. Devaux ◽  
A. Deville ◽  
A. Garnier ◽  
É. K. Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Transgenic Crops ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Genome diversity of tuber-bearing Solanum uncovers complex evolutionary history and targets of domestication in the cultivated potato

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (46) ◽  
pp. E9999-E10008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Hardigan ◽  
F. Parker E. Laimbeer ◽  
Linsey Newton ◽  
Emily Crisovan ◽  
John P. Hamilton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Genome Diversity ◽  
Early Improvement ◽  
Cultivated Potato ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Signatures Of Selection ◽  
The Impact

Cultivated potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.), domesticated from wild Solanum species native to the Andes of southern Peru, possess a diverse gene pool representing more than 100 tuber-bearing relatives (Solanum section Petota). A diversity panel of wild species, landraces, and cultivars was sequenced to assess genetic variation within tuber-bearing Solanum and the impact of domestication on genome diversity and identify key loci selected for cultivation in North and South America. Sequence diversity of diploid and tetraploid S. tuberosum exceeded any crop resequencing study to date, in part due to expanded wild introgressions following polyploidy that captured alleles outside of their geographic origin. We identified 2,622 genes as under selection, with only 14–16% shared by North American and Andean cultivars, showing that a limited gene set drove early improvement of cultivated potato, while adaptation of upland (S. tuberosum group Andigena) and lowland (S. tuberosum groups Chilotanum and Tuberosum) populations targeted distinct loci. Signatures of selection were uncovered in genes controlling carbohydrate metabolism, glycoalkaloid biosynthesis, the shikimate pathway, the cell cycle, and circadian rhythm. Reduced sexual fertility that accompanied the shift to asexual reproduction in cultivars was reflected by signatures of selection in genes regulating pollen development/gametogenesis. Exploration of haplotype diversity at potato’s maturity locus (StCDF1) revealed introgression of truncated alleles from wild species, particularly S. microdontum in long-day–adapted cultivars. This study uncovers a historic role of wild Solanum species in the diversification of long-day–adapted tetraploid potatoes, showing that extant natural populations represent an essential source of untapped adaptive potential.

scholarly journals Whole-genome sequence analysis unveils different origins of European and Asiatic mouflon and domestication-related genes in sheep

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ze-Hui Chen ◽  
Ya-Xi Xu ◽  
Xing-Long Xie ◽  
Dong-Feng Wang ◽  
Diana Aguilar-Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Domestic Sheep ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Hearing Ability ◽  
Agricultural Revolution ◽  
Independent Events ◽  
Wild Sheep ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe domestication and subsequent development of sheep are crucial events in the history of human civilization and the agricultural revolution. However, the impact of interspecific introgression on the genomic regions under domestication and subsequent selection remains unclear. Here, we analyze the whole genomes of domestic sheep and their wild relative species. We found introgression from wild sheep such as the snow sheep and its American relatives (bighorn and thinhorn sheep) into urial, Asiatic and European mouflons. We observed independent events of adaptive introgression from wild sheep into the Asiatic and European mouflons, as well as shared introgressed regions from both snow sheep and argali into Asiatic mouflon before or during the domestication process. We revealed European mouflons might arise through hybridization events between a now extinct sheep in Europe and feral domesticated sheep around 6000–5000 years BP. We also unveiled later introgressions from wild sheep to their sympatric domestic sheep after domestication. Several of the introgression events contain loci with candidate domestication genes (e.g., PAPPA2, NR6A1, SH3GL3, RFX3 and CAMK4), associated with morphological, immune, reproduction or production traits (wool/meat/milk). We also detected introgression events that introduced genes related to nervous response (NEURL1), neurogenesis (PRUNE2), hearing ability (USH2A), and placental viability (PAG11 and PAG3) into domestic sheep and their ancestral wild species from other wild species.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study on Effect of Agricultural Activities in Pollen Spectrum of Argentinean Honey

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Mariela Patrignani ◽  
Guillermina A. Fagúndez ◽  
Cecilia E. Lupano
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Transgenic Crops ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Buenos Aires Province ◽  
Pollen Spectrum ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Agriculture Expansion ◽  
The Impact

AbstractHoney floral origin is determined by the harversting region, but anthropogenic factors as agriculture expansion might modify the environmental flora and consequently honey floral origin. Argentina is one of the most important honey producers worldwide which, since the 1990s, has undergone an important agriculture transformation by the adoption of transgenic crops like soybean (Glycine max). However, little is known about the effects of this anthropogenic activity on the floral origin of honey or the statistical tools that could be used to analyse it. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact that these environmental modifications have on the pollen spectrum of honey. In order to achieve this, thirty-two samples of blossom honey were collected from three different ecoregions of the Buenos Aires province: Parana Delta and Islands, Espinal and Pampa, in two different years: 1999 and 2014. The pollen spectrum of honey samples was determined and the data obtained was analysed with multivariate statistical techniques. It could be concluded that the pollen composition of honeys from different ecoregions has significantly changed in the past years because of agriculture expansion and adaptation of transgenic crops (p=0.007). Honey samples harvested in 1999 were characterized by high values of Helianthus annuus, while in 2014 an important presence of Eryngium sp., Gleditsia triacanthos, Baccharis type, Trifolium sp. and Glycine max was observed. The present results show that honey palynological results and multivariate statistical analysis could be used as a preliminary attempt to evaluate environmental modifications.

Environmental Genomics: The Impact of Transgenic Crops on Soil Quality, Microbial Diversity and Plant-Associated Communities

2015 ◽  
pp. 309-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeyabalan Sangeetha ◽  
Devarajan Thangadurai ◽  
Muniswamy David ◽  
Roopa Somanath ◽  
Abhishek Mundaragi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Transgenic Crops ◽  
Environmental Genomics ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Transgenic crops : new weed problems for Canada?

2005 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.I. Warwick ◽  
H.J. Beckie ◽  
E. Small
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Transgenic Crops ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Gene Frequencies ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Ecological Region ◽  
Case Basis

Over 25 000 transgenic field trials were conducted globally from 1986-1997, and many transgenic crops, including soybean (Glycine max), maize (Zea mays), tobacco (Nicotiana tabaccum), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), canola (Brassica napus, B. rapa), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and potato (Solarium tuberosum) have been commercially released. There has been a high adoption rate, with at least 28 million ha reported for 1998, with herbicide- and insect-resistant plants occupying 71 and 28% of the releases, respectively. The current status of commercial production of transgenic crops in Canada is summarized. Transgenic crops have the potential to change weed communities/populations in three principal ways, via: 1 ) escape and proliferation of the transgenic plants as 'weedy' volunteers with subsequent displacement of the crop, weed and/or natural vegetation; 2) hybridization with and transgene infiltration into related weedy and/or wild species, resulting in invigorated weeds and/or alteration of natural gene frequencies in these species; and 3) genetic changes in populations of unrelated species, as a result of changes to the environment, in particular herbicide-resistant (HR) transgenic crops and the development of HR weeds. Potential risk can be estimated a priori using knowledge of the systematics of crop/wild/weed complexes. Risk must be assessed on a case-by-case basis for each crop, each country/ecological region, and for each trait. Potential weed risks will be greater if crop volunteers are predisposed to becoming weedy, are well adapted to the Canadian climate and if sexually compatible wild species are present.

scholarly journals Why are second-generation transgenic crops not yet available in the market?

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (22) ◽  
pp. 6876-6880
Author(s):  
R L Chan ◽  
F Trucco ◽  
M E Otegui
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Transgenic Crops ◽  
Food Demand ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Global Food

Abstract Recent studies predict that global food demand of major grain crops will not be accompanied by the required increase in yield (Hall and Richards, 2013). Additionally, current figures estimate that the impact of climate change on agriculture will yield losses of 8–43%, mainly due to abiotic stresses. A second generation of transgenic crops (SGTC) was projected to mitigate these constraints worldwide. However, SGTC remain unavailable as market products. Here, we present our viewpoints about current limitations and future perspectives.

scholarly journals Intracytoplasmic sperm injection in domestic and wild mammals

Reproduction ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 154 (6) ◽  
pp. F111-F124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel F Salamone ◽  
Natalia G Canel ◽  
María Belén Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Genetic Rescue ◽  
Transgenic Pigs ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Domestic Species ◽  
Offspring Production ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Artificial Activation ◽  
The Impact

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has become a useful technique for clinical applications in the horse-breeding industry. However, both ICSI blastocyst and offspring production continues to be limited for most farm and wild species. This article reviews technical differences of ICSI performance among species, possible biological and methodological reasons for the variable efficiency and potential strategies to improve the outcomes. One of the major applications of ICSI in animal production is the reproduction of high-value specimens. Unfortunately, some domestic species like the bovine show low rates of pronuclei formation after sperm injection, which led to the development of various artificial activation protocols and sperm pre-treatments that are discussed in this article. The impact of ICSI technique on equine breeding programs is considered in detail, since in contrast to other species, its use for elite horse reproduction has increased in recent years. ICSI has also been used to produce genetically modified animals; however, despite numerous attempts in several domestic species, only transgenic pigs have been consistently produced. Finally, the ICSI is a promising tool for genetic rescue of endangered and wild species. In conclusion, while ICSI has become a consistent ART for some species, it needs further development for others. The low results obtained for some domestic species, the high training needed and the equipment required have limited this technique to the production of elite specimens or for research purposes.

scholarly journals The Relevance of a Physiological-Stage Approach Study of the Molecular and Environmental Factors Regulating Seed Germination in Wild Plants

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1084
Author(s):  
Ximena Gómez-Maqueo ◽  
Laura Figueroa-Corona ◽  
Jorge Arturo Martínez-Villegas ◽  
Diana Soriano ◽  
Alicia Gamboa-deBuen
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Developmental Program ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Physiological Stage ◽  
Molecular Bases ◽  
The Impact

Germination represents the culmination of the seed developmental program and is affected by the conditions prevailing during seed maturation in the mother plant. During maturation, the dormancy condition and tolerance to dehydration are established. These characteristics are modulated by the environment to which they are subjected, having an important impact on wild species. In this work, a review was made of the molecular bases of the maturation, the processes of dormancy imposition and loss, as well as the germination process in different wild species with different life histories, and from diverse habitats. It is also specified which of these species present a certain type of management. The impact that the domestication process has had on certain characteristics of the seed is discussed, as well as the importance of determining physiological stages based on morphological characteristics, to face the complexities of the study of these species and preserve their genetic diversity and physiological responses.

scholarly journals Investigation of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection in wild crustaceans in the Bohai Sea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Xu ◽  
Xiujuan Shan ◽  
Yingxia Li ◽  
Tao Yang ◽  
Guangliang Teng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Bohai Sea ◽  
White Spot Syndrome Virus ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
The Bohai Sea ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
White Spot Syndrome ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe ecological risks of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), an important aquatic pathogen, has been causing increasing concern recently. A continuous survey on the prevalence of WSSV in the wild crustaceans of the Bohai Sea was conducted in present study. The result of loop-mediated isothermal amplification detection showed that WSSV positivity rates of sampling sites were determined to be 76.73%, 55.0% and 43.75% in 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. And the WSSV positivity rates of samples were 17.43%, 12.24% and 7.875% in 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. Meanwhile, the investigation revealed that 11 wild species from the sea were identified to be WSSV positive. The WSSV infection in wild crustacean species was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy analysis. The results of this study suggest that WSSV had been colonized in wild species offshore and the impact caused by WSSV to the wild marine ecosystem cannot be ignored.

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